Unit4 Wildlifeprotection主题:人与自然 子话题:保护环境 对应教材:必修2 Unit4 Wildlifeprotection;选修6 Unit4 Globalwarming;选修7 Unit3 Underthesea重点单词·巧记Ⅰ.核心单词1.wild adj.野生的;野的;未开发的2.decreasevi.&vt.减少;(使)变小;或变少3.lossn.损失;遗失;丧失4.huntvt.&vi.打猎;猎取;搜寻5.laughtern.笑;笑声6.certainadj.确定的;某一;一定7.importancen.重要(性)8.containvt.包含;容纳;容忍9.powerfuladj.强大的;有力的10.affectvt.影响;感动;侵袭11.attentionn.注意;关注;注意力12.incomen.收入13.inspectvt.检查;视察14.incidentn.事件;事变15.disappearancen.消失Ⅱ.拓展单词1.appreciatevt.鉴赏;感激;意识到→appreciationn.感激;感谢2.secureadj.安全的;可靠的→securityn.安全3.respondvi.回答;响应;做出反应→responsen.回答;反应;响应4.distantadj.远的;远处的;疏远的→distancen.距离;远方;疏远5.reliefn.(痛苦或忧虑)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物→relievevt.使减轻;缓解6.succeedvi.成功vt.接替;继任→successn.成功→successfuladj.成功的→successfullyadv.成功地
核心短语·闪记1.dieout 灭亡;逐渐消失 2.inpeace和平地;和睦地;安详地 3.indanger(of)在危险中;垂危 4.inrelief如释重负;松了口气 5.burstintolaughter突然笑起来;大声笑了出来 6.protect...from...保护……不受……(危害)7.payattentionto注意 8.comeintobeing形成;产生 9.accordingto按照;根据……所说 10.sothat以至于;结果;为了 经典句式·速记1.【句型公式】:as引导方式状语从句Itshowstheimportanceofwildlifeprotection,butI’dliketohelpastheWWFsuggests(按照世界野生生物基金会的建议). 2.【句型公式】:so...that...引导结果状语从句Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat(如此之快以至于)IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold. 1.时“隐”时“现”①dieout 灭亡;逐渐消失②disappearvi.消失;失踪③appearvi.出现④showup出现⑤turnup出现;发生2.“comeinto+n.”短语一览①comeintobeing 形成;产生②comeintoeffect/force开始生效;开始实行③comeintoexistence形成;产生;开始存在
④comeintopower开始执政⑤comeintouse开始使用Ⅰ.细品味经典文章Havinglearnedthatyouareinterestedinthetrash-sortingprogrampromotedrecentlyinChina,Iamherewritingtogiveyouabriefintroduction.AsfarasIknow,Shanghaihasbecomethepioneerofourcountry’swastesortingpolicy.AsofJuly1stthisyear,theresidentsinShanghaihavenotbeenabletodumptheirwastebagsinwhicheverbinwasclosest.Onthecontrary,domesticwasteisrequiredtobeclassifiedintofourcategories:dryrefuse,wettrash,recyclablewasteandhazardouswaste.Facedwiththenewrule,manycitizensinShanghaiarefindingitalittletoocomplicated,witheveryitemofwastenowundercarefulscrutiny(examination)andclassification.Still,therearemorepeoplewhowarmlysupportthepolicybecauseithelpspeopletocultivategreenerlifestylehabitsandhelpsChinatobecomeamorebeautifulcountry.Ⅱ.按要求完成任务1.写出文章中与“垃圾分类”有关的单词和短语。thetrash-sortingprogram;dumptheirwastebags;dryrefuse,wettrash,recyclablewasteandhazardouswaste. 2.你认为垃圾分类的好处是什么?IthelpspeopletocultivategreenerlifestylehabitsandhelpsChinatobecomeamorebeautifulcountry. Ⅰ.重点词汇1.containv.包含;容纳;控制;抑制【教材原句】Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.(P26)它含有一种较强的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
【词块必记】(1)containoneself 克制自己;自制(2)containern.容器易混辨析 contain,include※contain包括,侧重“整体内有”,指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物,不用于进行时。※include包括,侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或includingsth.。【语境速测】单句语法填空①Thestadiumislargeenoughtocontain(contain)100thousandaudience. ②Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontained(contain)inadvertisements.③Hewassoexcitedthathecouldhardlycontainhimself(he).用contain,include的正确形式填空④Oursix-citytourincludesavisittoLondon.⑤Thisbookcontainsalltheinformationyouneed.⑥Thecontainercontainsmanykindsoffruits,includingapineapple/apineappleincluded.2.affectv.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染【典型例句】Urbanpassengertransportsystemisanimportantfactortoaffecturbantransportationefficiency.城市客运交通体系是影响城市交通运输效率的一个至关重要的因素。【词块必记】(1)beaffectedby... 受……的影响;被……感动beaffectedtotears感动得流泪beaffectedwith...感染……疾病(2)effectn.作用;影响haveaneffect/influenceon...对……产生影响(3)affectionn.喜爱【语境速测】单句语法填空①Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswere
affected(affect). ②Hearingthesadnews,shewasaffectedtotears.③Affectedwithhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.句式升级④Theaudiencewasdeeplyaffectedbythefilm,andtheycouldn’tholdbacktears.(用分词作状语)Deeplyaffectedbythefilm,theaudiencecouldn’tholdbacktears. 3.appreciatev.欣赏,赏识;感激,感谢;理解;意识到【教材原句】YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.(P26)你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林,并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。【词块必记】(1)appreciatedoing... 欣赏/感激做……Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……我将不胜感激(2)appreciationn.欣赏;感激;理解inappreciationof欣赏;感激【语境速测】单句语法填空①Iappreciatebeinggiven(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago. ②Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddealwiththedifficultproblemforme.③Pleaseacceptthisgiftinappreciation(appreciate)ofallyou’vedoneforus.完成句子④IhavelentahelpinghandtoherinseveralEnglishactivitiesofmyclass,whichhasbeenappreciatedbybothteachersandmyclassmates(这得到了老师和同学们的赞赏). 4.succeedvi.成功 vt.接替;继任【教材原句】Whatmustbedoneifwildlifeprotectionistosucceed
?(P27)如果要成功地保护野生动植物必须做些什么?【词块必记】(1)succeedindoingsth. 成功地做某事succeedsb.as接替某人成为……(2)successfuladj.成功的besuccessfulindoingsth.成功地做某事(3)successn.[U]成功;成就;[C]成功的人或事【语境速测】单句语法填空①Hewillsucceedhisfatherasmanageroftheshop.Thatis,hewilltakechargeoftheshop.②Hesucceededinpassing(pass)theentranceexaminationandwasadmittedtoHongKongUniversity.③Success(succeed)consistsintheabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.④Finally,Iwishthisyear’sEnglishspeechcompetitionagreatsuccess.5.employv.雇用;利用(时间;精力等)【教材原句】Cantheybeemployedtoworkintheparkandnothurttheanimals?(P27)他们可以受雇在公园工作而不伤害动物吗?【词块必记】(1)employsb.todo... 雇用某人做……employ...as...雇用……当……employoneselfindoingsth.从事于……,忙于……beemployedindoingsth.从事于……,忙于……(2)employmentn.雇用;职业;就业(3)employern.雇主,老板employeen.雇工,雇员【语境速测】句式升级①Hewasemployedinreadingandhedidn’tseeTomcomein.→Employedinreading,hedidn’tseeTomcomein.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Employinghimselfinreading,hedidn’tseeTomcomein.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) 单句语法填空②Forthepastthreeyearshehasbeenemployedasafirefighterinthefirestation.③Johnhasbeenoutofemployment(employ)fortwoyearsandthesedaysheishuntingforajobtosupporthisfamily.Ⅱ.核心短语6.protect...from...保护……不受……(危害)【教材原句】“I’mprotectingmyselffrommosquitoes,”itreplied.(P26)“我在保护自己不被蚊子叮咬,”它回答。【词块必记】(1)protect...against... 保护……以免……【语境速测】单句语法填空①Troopshavebeensenttoprotectaidworkersagainstattack.②Wesetupawildlifereservetoprotectanimalsfrombeinghunted(hunt).③Hearingthewords,hecouldn’tkeephimselffromlaughing.④Heispreventedbylawfromholdingalicence.⑤Somemeasuresshouldbecarriedouttopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted(pollute). 7.dieout灭亡;逐渐消失【典型例句】Thecustom,passeddownfromgenerationtogeneration,hasbeendyingout.这个一代代流传下来的风俗正在渐渐消失。【词块必记】(1)dieaway (声音、光线等)逐渐消失
dieof/from...因……而死diedown减弱;平息dieoff相继死亡(2)bedyingfor很想要,渴望bedyingtodosth.极想做某事【语境速测】单句语法填空①Iftoomanyoftheserareanimalsarekilled,theirkindswilldieout.②Whenthefirereachedthetown,itbegantodiedown,becausetherewasnothinglefttoburn.同义句转换③Afterhoursofworkinginthehotsun,themenweredyingforacoldbeer.→Afterhoursofworkinginthehotsun,themenweredyingtohaveacoldbeer. Ⅲ.经典句式8.Theylearnedthisfromthewaytheboneswerejoinedtogether.他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。 【句型公式】(1)way表示“方式;方法”时,其后常接inwhich或that引导的定语从句,也可以将关系词inwhich或that省略掉,此时关系词在从句中作状语。(2)way后接定语从句时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which,作宾语时还可以省略,作主语时不可省略。(3)way表示“方式;方法”时,其后还可接不定式或ofdoingsth.形式。【语境速测】完成句子①Ithinkyouhurthispridebylaughingattheway(that/inwhich)hespeaksEnglish. 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。②Thewaythat/whichcameupatthemeetingwasunpractical. 在会议上提出的方法不切实际。③Isthisthewayyoucanimaginetoreduce/ofreducingairpollution?这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗?
【备选要点】1.mercyn.怜悯,宽恕,仁慈【典型例句】Cultureisthehumanfaceofmercyandthebloodyactofwar.文化是仁慈的人类的面孔,也是战争的血腥行为。【词块必记】(1)showmercyto/havemercyonsb.怜悯某人it’samercythat...……真是万幸withoutmercy毫不留情(2)mercifuladj.仁慈的,宽恕的【语境速测】单句语法填空①Thehomelessbeggarlookedonhimasamerciful(mercy)guardianwhopunishedtheheartless,anddelightedtorewardpityandsympathy.完成句子②Itisamercythatthewholefamilysurvivedtheearthquake. 这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是不幸中之大幸。2.indanger(of)在危险中;垂危【典型例句】Overtheyears,atotalofover3,000sq.m.ofmuralsandcolorsculpturesindangerhavebeenbroughtbacktolifeandhealthinthisoldtown.多年来,这个古镇上共有三千多平方米濒危壁画和彩塑在这里起死回生。【词块必记】(1)outofdanger 脱离险境adangerto...对……有危险;对……是危险的人或物(2)dangerousadj.危险的【语境速测】完成句子①Thegiantpandaisanendangeredspecies.Thatistosayitisindangerofbecomingextinct. 大熊猫是濒危物种,也就是说它面临绝种危险。
②Whenyouareindanger,theimportantthingisnevertoloseyourhead. 当你处在危险之中时,重要的事情是千万不要慌乱。③ItwasreportedfromthehospitallastnightthattheChenswereoutofdangerandwererecovering. 昨晚从医院传来消息,陈氏夫妇已脱离危险并正在康复。3.payattentionto注意;留意【教材原句】YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.(P26)你应该更多地留意我居住的热带雨林,并且懂得动物们是如何生活在一起的。【词块必记】draw/attract/catchone’sattention引起某人的注意turnone’sattentionto...把注意力转移到……fix/focus/concentrateone’sattentionon...把注意力集中在……【语境速测】单句语法填空①Agreatdealofattentionhasbeenpaidtoprotecting(protect)theenvironment.②Hestoodthere,hisattentionfixedonthenoticeonthewall.【写作金句】Weneedtobeactiveinallkindsofsportsandpayattentiontomentalhealth,whichisequaltophysicalhealth.我们要积极参加各种体育运动并注重心理健康,它与身体健康同等重要。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance(distant)andthereforehelpsaveenergy.2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Certainly(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)You’llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.
4.(2019·天津高考)Yet,Ilearnedthatdeepinside,heisharmless(harm)andhasalovingnature.5.(2019·北京高考)EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection(protect).Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeace(安静地)orchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction. 2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentionto(注意)thelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafractionofthesmallernumbertoit. 3.(2019·北京高考)Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothat(以便于)myparentscan’tsaynotoit? 4.(2019·北京高考)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingto(根据)anewstudy. Ⅲ.语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇) Weshouldappreciate1.itifwearelivingontheearth2.securely(secure).Wearetreatedwithmercy.Wecanburstintolaughteraswelike.Weknowtheimportancetosucceed.Butanimals3.havebeenaffected(affect)bypowerfulmankindsincehumans4.came(come)intobeing.Accordingtothecommonsense,fiercedinosaurshavediedout.It’snottheending.Infact,thenumberofmanyrareanimalsison5.thedecrease.It’scertainthathumanraceshouldpayattentiontothetopicofwildlifeprotection.Weallshouldprotectanimalfrom6.beinghurt(hurt)andharmed.Everyonehasthedutytodoso.Althoughsomereservesandnaturalzoneshavebeensetuptohelpthemlive7.inpeace,therearestillsomeanimalsbeingcaughttogettheirfurandmeat.Thegovernmentindifferentcountriesshouldemploymorepeopleso8.thattheycaninspecttheincidentsofhuntingandkillingofanimals.Ifnot,wewillbe9.indangertoo.Thedisappearanceofsomeanimalswon’tbe10.distant(distance)ifwedon’ttreatthemasourfriends.
核心素养 了解保护野生动植物及环境的措施和方法,理解保护野生生物及环境的意义,提高保护环境的意识高考链接 2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B;2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C;2019·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空;2019·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空;2019·江苏高考完形填空;2018·浙江高考阅读理解BⅠ.话题与阅读理解(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B) When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants”,“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper”,havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly. Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.【文章大意】该篇文章主要介绍了动物保护者对电影«猩球崛起»的制片人表示感谢,因为他们在电影中没有使用真正的猿,而是用了一种科技手段,创造出了猿的图像。但是,
动物保护问题仍然让人担忧,许多影片中的动物还是没有被很好地对待。1.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes!”可知,他们是为了表达他们对制片人的感谢,没有在电影中使用真的猿。故选D。2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes”.B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes”.D.Theperformanceofrealapes.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容,可知这个有创造力的团队使用了动作捕捉技术来创造数字化动物,花费了上千万美元在记录演员表演和后期加工处理上,最后创造出了猿的图像。由此可知,整段都在说怎么用技术创造猿的图像。故选B。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。首先可以确定,画线短语是处在一个以非营利组织为主语的语言环境中,这个组织监控电影中对动物的处理方法,正在keepingtabson今年的2000多部作品,有很多电影激起了动物保护者的怒火,因为在电影中对动物处理不当。由此可知,这个短语是“密切关注”的意思,故选D。4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.
C.Theycouldbetradedillegally.D.Theywouldlosepopularity.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,让人担心的是电影棚外动物的训练和生活条件,而且那些在美国之外拍摄的电影有时得不到像在美国拍摄的那样严密的监控。由concerns,questions可推测,这些动物可能会受到不好的对待。故选A。【微技能点拨】本文中第3题为词义猜测题,解题策略如下:Step1 确定题干关键词:theunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inParagraph3Step2 回到原文准定位:首先可以确定,画线短语是处在一个以非营利组织为主语的语言环境中,这个组织监控电影中对动物的处理方法,正在keepingtabson今年的2000多部作品,有很多电影激起了动物保护者的怒火,因为在电影中对动物处理不当。由此可知,这个短语是“密切关注”的意思。Step3 对比选项找最佳:尝试解答: D 。 【语用提能】话题词汇animalsprotection短语drawtheangerofactivists;treatmentoftheanimals【微语法填空】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B改编)Ehlersspottedasmalldogwanderingalongsidetheroadwhile1._________(go)home.Hetriedtotakeithomebutthedogranoffoutoffearand2._________(nervous).Whenhegothome,thethoughtofthesmalldogtroubledhimalot,sohe3._________(drive)backwithhisfriendGregtofindthesmalldog.Fortunately,theyfounditand4._________(successful)wonthedog’strust.Theytookithome.Aneighbourrecognizedthatthedogseemedlike5._________oneadvertisedinthelocalnewspaper.Ehlersdialedthenumberleftbytheownerofthe6._________(lose)dogandtheluckydogreturnedtoitshomeafterwanderinginthewildforseveral7._________(day). 1.【解析】going。考查现在分词。whiledoing...=whilehewasdoing...
为常见省略结构。2.【解析】nervousness。考查词性转换。此处空格与前面的fear并列,所以用名词形式。3.【解析】drove。考查动词时态。讲述过去的故事,所以要用一般过去时。4.【解析】successfully。考查词性转换。此处需要副词作状语修饰后面的动词won。5.【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指报纸上登广告寻找的那条狗。6.【解析】lost。考查词性转换。此处表示“丢失的狗”,所以要用形容词作定语。7.【解析】days。考查名词复数。several表示“好几个”,所以后面的名词应为复数。Ⅱ.话题与写作 假定你是李华,英国友校教师Chris将来你校给你校学生做动物保护方面的讲座。请根据以下提示给Chris写一封电子邮件。内容包括:1.你们希望了解的动物保护;2.选择该话题的原因;3.希望有所收获。注意:词数80左右。Step1 写作技巧(1)要点写作(根据汉语提示补全句子)①听说你要来我校给我们做关于动物保护的讲座,我非常高兴。IammorethandelightedwhenIheardthatyouarecomingtoourschooltogiveusalectureonanimalprotection. ②众所周知,越来越多的野生动物栖息地正被人类无情地破坏着。Moreandmorehabitatsforwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedwithoutmercybymankind,asisknowntoall. ③它们再也不能平静地生活了。Theycanneverliveinpeace. ④我想了解一些关于天鹅的知识,现在,天鹅处于濒危状态。I’dliketoknowsomethingaboutswans,whichareindangernow. (2)句式升级⑤用分词短语作状语改写句①。Hearingthatyouarecomingtoourschooltogiveusalectureonanimalprotection,I’mmorethandelighted.
⑥用形式主语改写句②。Itisknowntoallthatmoreandmorehabitatsforwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedwithoutmercybymankind. Step2 妙笔成篇(运用关联词串连以上句子)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearChris, I’mLiHua,ahighschoolstudent.Hearingthatyouarecomingtoourschooltogiveusalectureonanimalprotection,I’mmorethandelighted. Itisknowntoallthatmoreandmorehabitatsforwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedwithoutmercybymankind.Theycanneverliveinpeace.I’dliketoknowsomethingaboutswans,whichareindangernow.TheyarebeautifulbirdsandoftenappearinChineseancientpoetry.Ibelievethatweshouldpayattentiontotheirsituationandtakemeasurestostopthemfromdyingout. Ihopeyourspeechgetsapositiveresponse.Thankyouforyourtime.Yours,LiHua阅读理解StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfor
theplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.【文章大意】本文是说明文,人们都认为塑料袋污染环境,但生产塑料袋的厂家辩解说,塑料袋所占污染的比例很小,纸袋和布袋在生产过程中可能会带来更多的污染。1.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.可知,Stein是受雇来做研究,为塑料袋的生产和应用辩护的。故选D。2.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inParagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词的前句Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.可知,下文说塑料生产厂家雇用科学家说服人们塑料对地球的污染并不像人们想象的那么大,主要是针对前文讲的禁止使用塑料袋,由此推测,
画线词在此处的意思是“禁令”。故选A。3.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知,生产可重复利用的袋子需要更多的能量。故选D。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述塑料生产厂家雇用科学家,通过研究证明塑料袋的使用并不比纸袋的使用造成的污染多,科学家们对此并不质疑,但他们希望将来塑料袋和纸袋都被禁止。故选A。【难句剖析】Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.分析:while在此句中为从属连词,表示“虽然;尽管”,所以本句为表示转折的复合句。翻译:虽然塑料袋可能看起来很难看,但它们只占今天地面垃圾的一小部分。
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