word文档模块一 需要变形的词:名词、形容词和副词第1讲 名词Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebration(celebrate)withlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.2.(2020·某某高考)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.3.(2019·某某高考)OtherAmericanstudiesshowednoconnection/connections(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.4.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopsticks(用筷子). 2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamily(我们家每一个人). 3.(2020·某某高考)Thehealthsecuritysystems(医疗安全体系)ofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderabletransformation. -12-/12
word文档4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens(几十只鸡). 语法填空二谨记1.根据语境标志词判断名词(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时,要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。2.根据规则确定名词单复数(1)如果空格处被these,several,many和数词等修饰时,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则,方能解决好此类问题。一、可数名词的数可数名词变复数的规则变化 可数名词变复数形式时一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化形式如下表:构成方法例词一般在词尾加-smap→maps,sea→seasgirl→girls,day→days以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除外)class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes-12-/12
word文档以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i,再加-escountry→countriesfactory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接+-sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spiano→pianosphoto→photos有些在词尾加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoes以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f或-fe为-v,再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives,wife→wives,wolf→wolves加-sbelief→beliefs,chief→chiefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,gulf→gulfs,safe→safes可数名词变复数的不规则变化名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:构成方法例词增加字母child→children,ox→oxen-12-/12
word文档改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice单复数同形sheep,deer,series,means,fish,species续表构成方法例词表示“某国人”的名词加-sAmerican→Americans,German→Germans,Greek→Greeks单复数同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的,将-man和-woman分别改为-men,-womenEnglishman→Englishmen二、不可数名词不可数名词-12-/12
word文档(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有:fun,baggage,change(零钱),furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic等。(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:①用some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof等表示多少。注意:既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。②用单位词表示,用a...of表示。如acupoftea,apieceofpaper。不可数名词与可数名词的转化(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:※Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,不是水果。※Mydoctortoldmetoavoidfattyfoodssuchasbaconorhamburgers.我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物,如咸肉或汉堡包。(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示:当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时,某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如:※Aheavysnowwasfalling.当时正下着一场大雪。※Afinerainbegantofall.开始下起一阵小雨。-12-/12
word文档另外,表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等,可以用a(n)或数词修饰,也有复数形式。如:※Twoteasandacoffee,please.请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。※Iorderedtwocoffeesandanice-cream.我叫了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,但意思不同。如:work工作,awork著作;glass玻璃,aglass玻璃杯;wood木头,awood小树林;room空间,aroom房间;paper纸,apaper一份试卷(文件,报纸等)等。抽象名词具体化通常可分为两类:(1)表示情感、情绪的词,强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字:惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(proud)、慰(fort)、险(danger)、助(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:※Thenewmethodhasfinallyprovedtobeasuccess.新方法最终试验成功了。(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。如:haveagoodtime,haveawonderfulsupper,haveagoodknowledge/understandingof,haveapopulationof,coveranareaof,reachaheightof等。三、名词所有格-12-/12
word文档 表示有生命名词的所有格时,在词尾加“’s”。theboy’sbag,men’srooms。若名词已有复数词尾s,只加“’”。theteachers’reading-room。此外,表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“’s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的”。atenminutes’walk,atwentymiles’journey, twotons’weight,fiftydollars’worth。如果两个名词并列,且分别加“’s”,则表示“分别有……”;若只有后一个名词加“’s”,则表示两个“共有”。John’sandMary’srooms(两间);JohnandMary’sroom(一间)。of属格:无生命名词的所有格用of结构。amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers。省略格:在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。atthedoctor’s在诊所;atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。双重所有格:of+名词“’s”结构。afriendofmybrother’s,worksofMoYan’s。名词所有格用法口诀:名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加’s即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,-12-/12
word文档前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【点津】如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,“AofB”要翻译为“B的A”。小题快练Ⅰ.单句语法填空①(2019·高考)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivities(activity)onEarthDay.②(2020·某某高考)Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’(participant)overallhealthstatus.③(2020·某某高考)Theytestedthemen’s(men)fitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.④(2018·某某高考)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy,keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity(curious).⑤(2018·某某高考)MakingChinesedishes(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Ⅱ.完成句子①(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacation(暑假). ②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcities(不同的城市). ③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobs(不同的工作)Iwouldliketodo. -12-/12
word文档④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsorts(各种各样)inthesittingroom. Ⅰ.语法填空 Chinesenetusershavefoundanewwaytobattledesertificationbyplayingvirtual(虚拟的)plantinggames.AntForest,1._________isunderAntFinancialoftheAlibabaGroup,toldtheGlobalTimesthattheyhadplantedover50milliontreescoveringabout507squarekilometersacrossChinafrom2016to2019. AntForestisthefirstsuchgameinChina.IntheAntForestplan,anyactivity2._________(consider)lowcarbon,includingwalking,takingpublictransportandonlinepayments,willbeconvertedintovirtual“greenenergy”.Theenergywillbeusedtogrowavirtualtreeinthe“forest”ofthe3._________(user).Theyexchange4._________forarealtreebypayingthecorrespondingenergy.AntForestwillplanttherealtreesinspringandautumneachyear5._________thehelpoflocalauthoritiesinthedesertareas.Thiswayofplantingtrees6._________(recognize)onOctober23,2018bytheNationalAfforestationmitteeas7._________meansforcitizenstofulfilltheirobligationofplantingtrees. TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreat8._________(important)totheprotectionofecosystems.Chinaaims9._________(increase)theforestcoverto23percentby2020,andto26percentby2035.AnewstudyusingdatafromNASAsatelliteshowsthattheEarthbees10._________(green)asaresultofambitioustree-plantingprogramsinChina. -12-/12
word文档1.【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为AntForest,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。2.【解析】considered。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,该句中主语为anyactivity,其后所填词汇与主语之间为被动关系,作后置定语,故填considered。3.【解析】users。考查名词复数。根据其前的定冠词the可知,此处用名词,根据句意“用户”,可知用复数,故填users。4.【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知,此处替代前一句avirtualtree,为特指,故填it。5.【解析】with。考查介词搭配。该句中使用withthehelpof...为固定搭配,意为“在……的帮助下”,故填with。6.【解析】wasrecognized。考查动词的时态语态。分析句子成分可知,该句中Thiswayofplantingtrees为主语,是单数,其与所给词汇为被动关系,用被动语态。根据时间状语onOctober23,2018,可知用一般过去时态,故填wasrecognized。7.【解析】a。考查不定冠词。根据句意可知,此处意指“一种方式”,为泛指,means的首字母发音是辅音,故填a。8.【解析】importance。考查名词。该句使用固定短语attachimportanceto...,意为“重视,认为……重要”,故填importance。9.【解析】toincrease。考查不定式。aimtodosth.为固定搭配,意为“目标是,旨在……”故填toincrease。10.【解析】greener。考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,植树在中国取得了成效,地球变得更加绿色,暗含“比较”含义,用比较级,故填greener。Ⅱ.语段填空-12-/12
word文档Nowadaysmyschoolworkbeesmuchheavierthaneverbefore,thusforcingmetostayup(迫使我熬夜)deepintothenight.Iseldomdidsports(很少做运动).ForthisreasonIoftenfeltsleepyinclass(经常课上感到困倦).Badhealthcausedmypoormemory.ThingshavebeenchangedsinceIfollowedmyteacher’sadvice(自从我听从了我老师的建议).Igetupearliertodomorningexercises.Duringthe10minutes’break(在十分钟课间休息期间)Igooutoftheclassroomtorelaxmybrainandmuscles.Atfiveo’clockintheafternoonIoftengototheplaygroundtohavesports.Allthismakesmefreshandfullofenergy(使得我浑身充满活力).Itissportsthatimprovemyhealth(改善我的健康).Ihavemaderapidprogress(已经取得快速进步)inmystudies. Ⅲ.写作运用根据汉语提示补全作文,并注意其中名词的使用。Towhomitmayconcern:1.I’moneofyourcustomers(我是你的一个顾客).IorderedasetofBookwormSeriesonyourwebsitetwoweeksago,butIdidn’treceivethemuntilyesterday.2.Andmuchtomydisappointment(令我十分失望的是),thebooksweresopoorlypackedupthat3.thecoverofonebookwastorn(其中一本书的书皮破损了).Tomakemattersworse,itisnotapleteset,asIfoundonebookmissing. I’msorrytohavereceivedsuchpoorservice,andIbelieveIhaveeveryrighttoaskyoutodealwiththisproblem.Ihopethatyoueitherreturnmymoney4.ordeliveranewsetofbookstome(或者给我派送一套新书).Besides,I’dliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmyplaint. -12-/12
word文档5.Lookingforwardtoyourreply(期盼你的回复). LiHua-12-/12
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