语法专题突破专题七 定语从句英语2022
内容索引核心考点课堂突破专项训练巩固提升
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)...ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.3.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5.(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.wherewhosewhichwhowhich
Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.3.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.5.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpond,whichtheyraisedfish.what→thatwhat→whichwhere→whenwhat→that/which在which前加in或which→where
考点归纳考点一 关系代词与关系副词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.
关系词先行词从句成分例句备注that人、物主语、宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语、宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主语、宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作宾语一般不省略
关系词先行词从句成分例句备注when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替换where地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替换why原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替换
注意1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用inwhich或that或不填任何关系词。Theway(that/inwhich)hefinishedthetasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.(作状语)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.(作宾语)
2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/duringwhich;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。TherewasatimewhenwehadnoTVsets.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedourcountry.
考点二that与which,who,whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
情况用法说明例句只用which,who,whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,ones时多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
考点三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.
考点四as与which的区别定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,像”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,指代主句中某物或整个句子所表达的内容Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,hewasafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.
注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:①asanybodycansee正如大家能看到的那样②aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样③asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样④ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述⑤asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的
考点五 定语从句与同位语从句的区别that引导同位语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,而that引导定语从句时则充当主语、宾语或表语等成分Don’tyouforgetthepromise(that)youmade?Hemakesapromisethathewillmakeyouveryrichifyouworkwithhim.what,whether和how不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导同位语从句Thereissomedoubtwhethershewillbedismissedfromschool.定语从句前面的名词既可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词;而同位语从句所修饰的词一般是抽象名词,从句说明该名词所指的具体内容Thepatientacceptedtheadvicethatsmokingshouldbegivenup.(同位语从句)ThisistheadvicewhichwasgivenbyTom.(定语从句)
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空1.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.2.ItwasonthefarmweworkedthatIgottoknowher.3.Apersone-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.4.Youshouldreadonlysuchbooksyoucanunderstandwithoutmuchdifficulty.5.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.whomwherewhoseaswhere
6.Thereasonhewantstosellhishouseisthatheneedsalotofmoneyforhisoperation.7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,afterhefoundajobinabigcompany.8.Shewaspleasedwiththewayhehadacceptedhercriticism.9.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostofarehealthy.Attheageotherpeopleretire,Francisbeganthegreatestcauseinhislife.10.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.whywhichthatwhomwhenthat
Ⅱ.单句改错1.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.2.Whichweallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.3.TheradiosetwhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.4.Thedaywillcomewhichthepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation.5.Heisamanofgreatexperience,fromwhomuchcanbelearned.which→thatWhich→As去掉itwhich→whenwho→whom
6.Chapin,forwhomoneyisnownoproblem,startsanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.7.ItwasameetingthatimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthattime.8.Theyhavedecidedtostayathome,thatis,Ithink,awisechoice.9.I’lltellyouallwhathetoldmelastweek.10.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhomfamilywaspoor.who→whomthat→whosethat→whichwhat→thatwhom→whose
Ⅲ.语法填空Thebooksonthedesks,1.coversareshiny,areprizesforus.Thebookiswellwrittenandwellprinted.Therearefew,ifany,mistakesinit.Thisisthebook2.Ihavereaddozensoftimes.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark3.youhaveanyquestions.FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridge4.helpsustoseekthetruth.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork5.agoodimpressionisamust.whosethat/whichwherethat/whichwhere
Iamlookingforwardtotheday6.mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.Iborrowedanotherbookfromthelibrarylastweek,7.myclassmaterecommendedtome.Tobehonest,Idon’reallyliketheauthor.Itisnotsuchabook8.canbeconsideredexciting.Besides,Ijustcan’tunderstandtheway9.hedescribesthings,whichmightbethereason10.hisworksarenotwidelyread.whenwhichasthatwhy
Ⅳ.短文改错NowadaysSenior3studentsaregeneralfacedwithalotofpressure,whichisrathercommon.Toreduceit,thefollowedsuggestionsmayhelp.Firstofall,knowexactlywhatleadtoyourpressure,andthenyoucantakemeasurestodealwithit.Secondly,setupagoalwhatisnottoohigh,inanotherwords,don’tputtoomuchpressureonyourself.Thirdly,findawaytorelaxyouoccasionally.Forexample,youcanlistentomusic,goswimorjustsimplygowalking.
Eventually,makefriendwithothers,forexample,yourclassmates,yourteachers,yourparents.Theywillunderstandyouandcometoyourhelpwhenyouarereallyinthetrouble.Inaword,nevergetyourselfstuckinthepressurefor“impossibleisnothing”.
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