从《西风颂》看英国积极浪漫主义的特征

从《西风颂》看英国积极浪漫主义的特征AbstractTherearemanydomainsresearchaboutromanticism.Whereas,theresearchaboutBritishpositiveromanticismislittle.Thepositiveromanticismhasitsremarkablecharacteristicsinthevariouscountries.TheEnglishpositiveromanticismpushedtheromanticismliteraturetothehightide.Shelley’sOdetotheWestWindisoneofthebestworksofpositiveromanticismofBritain.ThisthesismainlyanalyzesthebackgroundofOdetotheWestWind,andthefeaturesofpositiveromanticism.ThisthesisappreciatesOdetotheWestWindinvariouswaysbyanalyzingthesubjectivism,thepoliticallyricism,idealism.Thisthesisalsoillustratesthefeaturesofhumanbeingadmirationfornature.BoththestyleofthispoemandthewritingwaysofthepoemexpresstheBritishpositiveromanticismcharacteristicsvividly.KeyWordsOdetotheWestWind;British;positiveromanticism摘要文学的研究有很多领域，对浪漫主义的研究也有很多，但是把积极浪漫主义独立起来研究却很少。积极浪漫主义的特征在各国国家都有其显著的鲜明的特征。在英国积极浪漫主义诗人用积极浪漫主义文学把浪漫主义文学推到了高潮。雪莱的《西风颂》是英国积极浪漫主义的优秀作品,该论文通过对《西风颂》创作背景及积极浪漫主义的定义分析；及对该诗歌特征的赏析，充分地展现了积极浪漫主义主观性、政治抒情性、理想性。该论文也表现了崇尚自然热爱自然等特点。又从诗歌的创作风格、写作方法等特征都把英国乃至整个欧洲的积极浪漫主义的特征表现的淋淋尽至。关键词 西风颂;英国;积极浪漫主义;IntroductionTheromanticismisoftenregardedasanimportantbranchofliterature.ItcompletelymanifestedthesocialcharacteristicofBritishatthatfixedperiod,andexpressedthesociety’srequestthroughliterature.Therefore,thecloserelationbetweenliteratureandsocietywasfullydisplayed.TheromanticismdevelopedextremelyfastinBritish.Theessenceofromanticismreflectedpresentsituationandtheneedsofsociety.Moreover,positiveromanticisminBritainhasmanifestedthedifferentofpositiveromanticismcharacteristic.Therefore,thepositiveromanticismalsoreflectedthecultureofBritishin19thcentury.Poetryisaneffectivewaytoexpresspositiveromanticism.Inordertobetterunderstandthepositiveromanticism,itisnecessarytorealizethesuperficialmeaningandthedeepmeaningthatthepoetryexpress.OdetotheWestWindasoneofthefamousworkoftheEnglishpositiveromanticismatthatfixedperiod,itmanifesttheEnglishpositiveromanticisminvariouskindsofways.ItcanbefoundthatOdetotheWestWindisconcludedwithtriumphantandhopefulmind.Thispoemhasadeepinfluenceonhisgenerationandalmostchangedthevalueofhispeople.I.TheDefinitionofRomanticismandPositiveRomanticismAttheearly19thcentury,pan-Europeanmovementtookplaceinartandphilosophy.ThetermderivesfromtheRomancesoftheMiddleAges,anditreferstotheidealizationofreality.Inthelate18thcentury,itbegantomeananti-Classicalismanditalso representedatrendtowardsthepicturesqueandtheGothic,nostalgia,mysteryanddramaticlove.e.g.Walpole,BeckfordandFuseli.Bytheearly19thcentury,ithadbeenbroadenedinmanyaspects,suchasenthusiasm,therediscoveryoftheartistasasupremelyindividualcreator,thedevelopmentofnationalisticpride,andtheexaltationofthesensesandemotionsoverreasonandintellect.Inaddition,romanticismisaphilosophicalrevoltagainstrationalismandintellect.ThisbreadthofmeaninghasledtothedefinitionofRomanticismasa‘feeling’andverylittleelse.InBritain,thetermreferstohisliteraryandartisticmovementofthelate18thandearly19thcentury.RomanticismrejectedtheearlierphilosophyoftheEnlightenment,whichstressedthatlogicandreasonwerethebestresponsehumanhadinthefaceofcruelty,stupidity,superstition,andbarbarism.Instead,theromanticsassertedthatrelianceuponemotionandnaturalpassionsprovidedromanticmovementtypicallyassertstheuniquenatureoftheindividual,theprivilegedstatusofimaginationandfancy,thevalueofspontaneityover“artifice”and“convention,”thehumanneedforemotionaloutlets,therejectionofcivilizedcorruption,andadesiretoreturntonaturalprimitivismandescapethespiritualdestructionofurbanlife.TheirwritingsareoftensetinruralorGothicsettingsandtheyshowanobsessiveconcernwith“innocent”characters-children,younglovers,andanimals.ThemajorromanticpoetsincludedWilliamBlake,WilliamWordsworth,JohnKeats,PercyByssheShelley,andLordGordonByron.Artisticandintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthelate18thcenturyandstressedstrongemotion,imagination,freedomfromclassicalcorrectnessinartforms,andrebellionagainstsocialconventions.Romanticism,attitudeorintellectualorientationthat characterizedmanyworksofliterature,painting,music,architecture,criticism,andhistoriographyinWesterncivilizationoveraperiodfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.Romanticismcanberegardasarejectionofthepreceptsoforder,calm,harmony,balance,idealization,andrationalitythattypifiedClassicismingeneralandlate18th-centuryNeoclassicisminparticular.Tosomeextent,itisalsoreactionagainsttheEnlightenmentandagainst18th-centuryrationalismandphysicalmaterialismingeneral.Romanticismemphasizestheindividual,thesubjective,theirrational,theimaginative,thepersonal,thespontaneous,theemotional,thevisionary,andsoon.Comparedwithpassiveromanticism,positiveromanticismstrengthensthewillofmen,andarousestherebellionagainstrealityandanyelse.Positiveromanticismisthatcelebratedthepowerofindividualselftocreateaworldortoraiseitsparticularconditions.II.TheBackgroundofRomanticismandPositiveRomanticismRomanticismwasoneofthetrendsofliteraryandartisticthought,produceswiththe18thcentury,atthebeginningof19centuriesEuropebourgeoisrevolutiontime.In18thcenturyFrance’sEnlightenmentidealismadvocatedfreedomofthought,emancipationofman’sindividualcharacterandreturningtothenature,andrequestedbreakingroyalpower.In19thcenturyromanticismmovementswasstartedinEuropean.Inthe19thcenturyEuropevariouscountrieslabormovementandtherevolutionarymovementsareblustery.TheworkingclassinEnglandstrivedfortheirownrightstosubsistence,thesamebourgeoisielaunchestheheroicstruggle,tookofaliteratureperformancereallifeimportantmethods,itwiththetimerevolution moodassociatedproductionrevolutionliterature,therevolutionaryliteratureandtheromanticismunionhasformedthepositiveromanticism.ByronandShelleyarerepresentativesforBritishpositiveromanticism.III.TheBackgroundofShelleyandOdetotheWestWindA.TheBackgroundofShelleyShelleywenttoOxfordfullofplansandideasforchangingthesystemofsociety.Beingconvincedthatreligiousfaithswereharmfultoman’shappiness,heandhisfriendT.J.HoggHputforthasmallstudyinlogic,calledtheNecessityofAltheism,whichwasobjectedbytheOxfordauthorities,however,shellyandHoggdeclinedtodiscussthematter.Asaresulttheyweresentoff.Itwasadisasterforaboyat18,forhelostavaluableeducationatOxford.Hefelloutwithhisfatherandbecameawan-darer.Thoughhewouldeventuallyinheritafortune,hehadnoreadymoney.Whenhewas19,heelopedwithHarrietWestbrook,agirlof16whomhescarcelyknew.FromThenon,shelly,alwaysfullofschemes,wentonaquixoticexpeditiontoredressthewrongsoftheIrish;fromLynmouthshortlyafterwardshedistributedaseditiouspamphletcalledtherightsofman,scatteringsomecopiesbyballoonandputtingothersintobottlesandthrowingthemintothesea.In1813heprintedandpublishedextraordinarypoem,QueenMabprivatelywhichexpressedhisbeliefinanewgoldenage.Inhisglorificationofrevolutionaryideas,ShelleyhadsoughtoutWilliamGodwin,authorofpoliticaljustice,whohadmarriedMaryWollstonecraft,authorofTheRightsofWomen.HismarriagewithHarrietprovedacompletefailure;ShellyelopedwithGodwin’s15-year-olddaughterMary.ButthatyearHarrietwasfounddrownedintheserpentineandhertwochildrenbyshellybecame thesubjectofalawsuit.ForShelley,hewasnotonlydeeplyshockedbythetragedybutalsosufferedthebitternessoflosinghischildren.However,thelifehadtogoon.Togetridofsolitude,hemarriedMaryGodwinlateratMarlow,ontheThames.There,in1816,hewroteAblator,ortheSpiritofSolitude,thefirstlongpoemtoshowhistruegenius.Nextyearhewrotealongimaginativepoemonlibertyandlove,theRevoltofIslam,whichcontainedmanyfinepassagesofdescriptionandnarrativeandwasinspiredbytheFrenchRevolution.Atthattime,ShellyhadbecomeafriendofLeighHuntandPeacockandhadmetKeats.Finallyin1818,toescapeprejudiceandinsult,andalsoGodwin’sconstantdemandsformoney,ShelleydecidedtoseekpeaceinItaly.Thereshellygaveuphisdreamofreformingtheworldbythemeansofdirectpoliticalactionanddecidedtopassonhisinspirationtoothersthroughhispoetry.InthisbeliefhecomposedhisPrometheusUnbound,enjoyedforitsincomparablemusic,itscolorandstory,aswellasbecauseitcontainedShelly’snoblestideas.Tothisperiod,too,hewrotehisLinesintheEugeniaHillsandJulianandMaddalo,anautobiographicalpoembasedonahappyvisittoByroninVeniceH.MeanwhileShellywrotehisfinestlyric,suchastheCloud,theSkylark,theOdetotheWestWindandsoon.ThemusicandintensityshowedthatShellywasenteringonanewstageofpersonalandimaginativegreatness.B.TheBackgroundofOdetotheWestWindThepoemwascomposedin1819whenEuropeanlabormovementandtherevolutionarymovementsurged.Tofightfortheirright,Britishworkingclassbegantostrugglewiththebourgeoisie.AtAugustofthatyear,80,000workersinManchesterheldamassive demonstration.Ofcourse,thereactionaryauthoritieshaddispatchedtroopstosuppress.Thatwaswell-knownastheBideileiMassacre.ForShelleywasinfavorofBritishrevolution,hewasexpelledfromtheUnitedKingdom.ThenhecametoItaly,hemetKeats,hadmadegreatinfluencetoShelleyalotonrevolutionarycause.Formtheabove;wecanseethatinBritaintherewasnofreedom.OdetotheWestWindisthemostrepresentativeofShelley’sfeelingsandthoughtsatthattime.Itisamixtureofdeathandrebirth.ShelleyisconcernedwiththeregenerationofhimselfspirituallyandpoeticallyandofEuropepolitically.Inthefirstthreestanzas,thedynamicforceofthewestwindismanifestedinitspowerontheland,intheair,andintheseaindifferentseasons.Itisthedestroyerandpreserver.Itwilldestroytheoldworldandheraldinanewone.InthefourthstanzaShelleywishesthathewerealeaf,acloud,andawave,sothathecouldfeelthepowerofthewestwind;butheisawareofhisageandhissufferingsinlife,whichhavebenthimdown.Finally,heappealstothewind,thewindofaspirationandchange,toreinvigoratehimandtogiveforceandpersuasivenesstohispoetry.IV.TheFeaturesofPositiveRomanticisminOdetotheWestWindA.EnthusiasmTheromanticismhastwobigbrancheswhicharethenegativeromanticismandthepositiveromanticism.Toacertainextentthepositiveromanticismhasitspositivecharacteristicasthenamesuggests.Thepositiveromanticismmostlymanifestsinthepositiveromanticismpoetdarestofacethereality,critiquesociety’sdarkness,isspearheadedatthefeudalaristocracy,opposedinthe capitalistsocietysurvivesthefeudalfactor,simultaneouslyallsortsofevilphenomenonwhichcreatestobourgeoisieitselfalsohastheexposition,thusthefillrevolt,thefightfervor,willsendideallyinthefuture,willyearnforthenewhappylife.Inthispoem,Shelleywantstocreateanewfreecountry.Hetalksofthe“Mediterranean”andthe“summerdream”.Inthedream,thereaderfindsthesealying“Besideapumiceisleinbaize’sbayquiveringwithinthewaves’intenserday”.Shelleyimplantstheideasofvolcanowiththeword“pumice.”The“oldpalacesandtower”stirvividimageofancientRomeandGreeceinreadersmind.Shelleyalsousestheseimagesinthesea’sdreamtoshowthatthenaturalworldandthehumansocialandpoliticalworldareparallel.B.SubjectivismInthepoemthewestwindisnotmerelythewindofthenature,thesubjectwhichisthecounter-capitalismcounter-oldinfluence,insteadofregardingpoetryas“aminortonature”thesourceofwhichisintheouterworld,romanticpoetsdescribepoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfelling”whichexpressthepoetsmind.InOdetotheWestWind,PercyByssheShelleytriestogaintranscendence,forheshowshisthoughts,likethe“wingedseeds”trapped.Thewestwindactsasadrivingforceforchangeandrejuvenationinthehumanandnaturalworld.Shelleyviewswinternotjustaslastphaseofvegetationbutasthelastphaseoflifeintheindividual,theimagination,civilizationandreligion.Shelleylooksforwardtofreedom.Fromthis“wingedseeds”itpresentsimageofflyingandfreedom.Theimportantwordis“seeds”foritwhichshowsthatevenindeath,newlifewillgrowoutof“grave” thephrase“wingedseeds”alsobringsimagesofreligions,angelsorsoulswhichcancreatenewlifecontinuously.Heavenlyimagesareconfirmedbyhisuseoftheword“azure”whichisalsodefinedbesidesthemeaningofbluesky,InWebster’sdictionary,asan“uncloudedvaultoftheheaven”,theword“azure”isconnectedwiththeword“spring”,andithelpsshowShelley’sviewofrejuvenation.Inaddition,theword“spring”alsomeanstoriseupexceptbeingaliterarymetaphorforrebirth.Inlinenine,Shelleyusessoftsoundingphrasestocommunicatetheblowingofthewind,thistiercecutsasanintroductionandforeshadowofwhatistocomelater.Shelleygoesontotalkofthewindasa“destroyerandpreserver”.Thewindisalsoapersonthattocreatefreedom.Formthiswecanseethat“wind”isapowerwhichcandestroytheolddayandcreatenewlife.Therefore,OdetotheWestWindisasongofrevolutionatthattime.C.IdealismandImaginationJustlikeGorkypointedout“theromanticismisonemood,itcomplexmoreoverthroughouthowmanyfuzzilyreflectedactuallyiscoveringtransitiontimesociety’sallfeelingsandthemoodcolor,but,itsmainkeyistonewthinganticipation”.Theromanticismreferstotheappearanceaccordingtothepeople,throughthelifephenomenonidealizationdescription,andthemdisplayscertainsocialpsychologyandtheemotioncreationmethod.Theromanticismidealdisplaysinthecharacterimagemoldaretheromanticismwhichisbasedonthebasisoftheidealizedprinciple,throughtheunrealplot,inaspecialenvironment,exertsoneselfinthedescriptionidealthecharacterimage.Thesecharactersoftenhavetheunusual superhuman’smoralcharacter,abilityandthebehavior.Thepositivealsoinheritthisfeature.InthispoemwecanseethatShelleywantstoestablishanewfreesociety.“drivemydeadthoughtsovertheincantationofthisverse;likewither，dleavestoquickenanewbirth”,and“ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind”.ItisobviousthatShelleyislookingforwardtonewthoughtsandnewsociety.Onbehalfofthepositiveofromantic,Shellycan’tseethefutureofsocialism,buthealsocan’tescapethecircleofidealsocialism.Itmakesanotherfeatureofpositiveofromanticidealism.Doesthepoetdescribewhattheywillcreateinthispoem?D.PoliticalTendentiousnessJudgingfromthebackgroundofthepositiveromanticism,thepositiveromanticismmusthavecertaincharacteristicbelongedtothatera.Politicaltendentiousnessisthepositiveromanticismtothattimereflectionandtheportrayal.FromOdetotheWestWindwecanfeeltheintenseofpoliticaltendentiousness,thewestwindis“destroyerandpreserver”,thewestwindCleansthesewhich“yellow,andblackandpale,andhecticred”Heartless.Thewestwind“thouonwhosestream,midthesteepshy，scommotion”.Thewestwindisnotthenaturewind.Itistherevolutionwind,thewindagainstbourgeoisie,andagainstthepowerofFeudal.E.EmotionandNatureTheromanticismpoet’spoetrymostlyoriginatesfromthenature.Naturefortheromanticistscomestotheforefrontofthepoeticimagination.Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoetic imagery,butprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.Wordsworthconceivesofnatureas“thenurse,theguideandguardianofmyheartandsoul.”Naturetotheromanticistsisasourceofcleanlinessandspiritualunderstanding;itisateacher;itisthestepping-stonebetweenmanandgod,soromanticpoetsmostlytakedescribingthenaturetoeulogizethenatureasthesubject.Thepositiveromanticismpoethasnotdiscardedthischaracteristic.AccordingtoShelleysaid“theideaofwritingthisfirstpoemisbasically.InFlorenceArnouxriverbankwoods,samedaythetemperatureisgenial,fresh,butthisstormisgatheringthemoisture,undertheinclinetheautumnrain”.Fromthisthepoethasfeltthewildwesterlywind,andlifeofthefallbreath.Thenthepoetwrotewesterlywindonlybecauseofthisreal,andthemagnificentsight.FromthepoemitiscanbeseenthatShelleywaseulogythewestwind,buthewasnotjustasingers,heRepresentstakingthewesterlywindasthetopic,takingthesubjectinthenature,andthisisfullofthefervorthepoeticcomposition,selectsasceneinthisisnaturallytheromanticismuniversalcharacteristicalsoisthepositiveromanticismcharacteristic,doesobeisance?Wordsworthsendsthepoetinabigwayforrepresentative’slakesidealwaysdescribesthenature.inthispoemShelleydescribedthechangeofthefall.ThepoetcreatesoriginatingfromtheItalianFlorence’ssuburb.Ispreciselybecausethepoetisgoodatobservingthenature,onlythenhadthisclassicalpoetry.Theromanticismwritersalladvocatethenature.Isnaturallytheyexpressthefeelingsthenaturecarry.Theromanticismworkisoftenexpressedthefeelings,andauthor’semotionpouringoutswiftlywithreveals.Thepositiveromanticismismoreradical, thereforethesentimentexpressesintensely.ShelleyhasalsodisplayedthischaracteristicinOdetotheWestWind.Thispoemstartsfromtheeulogywesterlywind,infourthStanza“ifIwereadeadlevelthoumightiestbear;ifIwereaswiftcloudtoflywiththee”Thepoetcomparesoneselftoothersbythewesterlywind.Thepoetexpressedthepoetthedeeploveandyearnedforthenaturethroughthewesterlywind.Heusedthewesterlywindtourgeononeself,expressedthefreepursuit,withthehopetoestablishhappyworld.F.SyncretismwithOtherArtFormthispoem,itcanbefoundthatverystrangerhyme,becauseShelleyusethetetrzarima.Itisathreelineunitatercet.rhymingaba,the“b”rhymeiscarriedintonexttercet,bcb,eachstanzashasfourtercetsofinterlockingrhymeandendsinacoupletusingthemiddlerhymeofthelasttercet.Thustherhymeschemesareaba,cdc,dedandgoon.Itmakestherhymeverycheerful,anditalsoenablesthepoemandhastheverystrongrhythm,andhighlightthemusicality.ItisjustthesameasDante’sDivineComedy.Fromthispoem,italsocanbefoundthatthebeautyofmusicfromthewestwind,“makethylyre,evenastheforestis”.TheAeolianharpgivesmusicalsoundsasthewindblowsthroughit.HeretheforestiscomparedtotheAeolianharplyre,andthepoetpraysthathealsomaybetheAeolianharpsothathecouldfeelthepowerofthewestwind.Itmakesthesoundofwestwindmorevividandmakesthepoemmoremusical.G.TheWritingStyleThewritingstyleofthepoemefficientlyreflectsthefeaturesofpositiveromanticism. a.TheFreeWritingStyleTherearedifferencesbetweenwritingtechniquesofromanticismandliteraturebeforeit.Instyle,theromanticpoetsareprefertoboldnessovertheprecedingage’sdesireforrestraint,maximumsuggestivenessovertheneoclassicalidealofclarity,freeexperimentationoverthe“rules”ofcomposition,genre,anddecorum,andtheypromotedtheconceptionoftheartistas“inspired”creatoroverthatclassicismliteraturewhichstickstooldwaysequally,constrainstheindividuality,anditisn’tliketherealismliteraturesamelanguagetoencouragesharply,butispursuestheindividualityliberationcreationabsolutelyfree,thepoetryaspectisnottrackingdowntraditionaltheform.Displaysintheromanticismliteraturecreationmanyandvariedcreationstyle.First,romanticismisgoodatusingthetechniqueofexaggeratingsymbol.Italsolikesutilizingthemagnificentliteraryflourishes,intheworkfillsthevividrichanalogy,causesbeautifulandugly,friendlyandformsthesharpcontrastandthestrikingcomparisonwickedly.Thepositiveromanticismhascompletelyinheritedthesecharacteristicsofromanticism,andthelanguageevenmoreencourages.In19th,manypoetslikewritingpoem.Poemisthebestchoiceformanypositiveromanticpoets.Forexample，themostfamousworkofByronisDonJuan,themostfamouspoemofKeatsisOdetoaNightingale.Becausepoemcanexpresstheirfeelingsanditisonekindofartlanguage,thepoemisonekindofartwhichistothesoulandtotheexploration.Thepoemcanexpresstheinnersoul.Itcanmakethedistancebetweenthehumanandthepoetrycloser.Italsocanformthesympatheticchord,andreachtheeffectofbeautifulenjoyment.Thepoemisonekindofcreativity.Itdoesnot stopusingthelanguagetocreateinnerworld.Astheenergeticmovement,itisthewaytoliberateinnerfeelings,soitindicatesanotherworld.Thepoemissupposedtoberevolutionaryandtimeliness.Sometimesitismindrecord,whichisbasedonthebackgroundoftime.Thepoemisintheformofrhythmic,sotheartisticeffectisveryobvious.Alloftheseareexpressedbythepositivepoets.b.TheFeatureofthePoem’sWordsRomanticismisdifferentfromtherealismandotherliterature,thewordsofromanticliteratureareveryflowery,whichistheasthepositiveromanticism.Fromthispoemwealsocangetthefeature.Inthispoemthefeatureofthelanguagegorgeousmainlydisplaysinthestrongsentimentalcolorandthebrightdemeanor.Forexample,whenthepoetwritestheleaves,heusesthe“Yellow,black,pale,hecticred”,andwhenhewritesthewindtherearemanyplacesusingtheword“hear”,whichexpressthatmanytimethepoetwantstomakethehearingandthevisionunifytomakethewordmorevivid.Thewordsofthispoem’expressintenseSummons,forexample,“Pestilence-strickenmultitudes,withlivinghuesandodorsplainandhill,ofthehorizontothezenith’sheight,likewrither’sleavestoquickenanewbirth.IfWintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?”H.RhetoricDevicea.HyperboleInthispoem,Shelleyusedmanyhyperboles.Hyperboleinotherwordsisexaggeration.Itputsapictureintothereadersmind.Hyperboleisfrequentlyusedinhumorouswritings.Hyperbole iscommoninhumorouspoetry,becauseitcanmakeapointinalight-heartedway.Itcanbeusedtopokefunatsomeoneorsomething.Inthispoemthehyperboleisusedclearly;poet’sthoughtschangeveryfast.Sometimesitmaybeinthesky,butsometimesitisintheMediterranean.b.TheSymbolDeviceIntheromanticpoetsviewthesymbolisaestheticcorrelativesofnature’semblematiclanguage.Therearegreatvaluesbecausetheycouldsimultaneouslysuggestmanytings,andtheyareregardasbeingsuperiortotheone–to–onecommunicationsofallegory.Partly,itmayhavebeenthedesiretoexpressthe“inexpressible”theinfinitethroughtheavailableresourcesoflanguagethatledtosymbolatonelevelandmyth(assymbolicnarrative)atanother.“OdetotheWestWind”usedthesymboldevice,theentirefirstpoemsurroundstheautumnwesterlywindtowriteanessayfromthebeginningtoend,regardlessofisdescribesthesceneryorexpressesfeelings,allhasnotbeenseparatedfromthisspecificdescriptionobject,hasnotusedpoliticalterminologyandrevolutionizestheslogan.Howeverreadafterthisshortpoem,wedeepdeeplyfeelactually,Shelleyinsingsthewesterlywind,isincompletelysingsthewesterlywind,inthepoetessenceisthroughsingsthewesterlywindtosingtorevolutionize.Inpoemwesterlywind,remnantleaf,seed,classcloud,rainstormthunderandlightning,seamightywaves,seabedcoloredtreeandsoon,allisthesymbolicthings,theyarecontainingtheprofoundimplication,themovingscenerywhichthenaturewindandcloudsurges,istheworldvigorousdevelopmentrevolutionarystrugglesymbolicreflection.Conclusion Theromanticismhastwoaspects.Therearepositiveromanticismandthenegativeromanticism.Literaturehasregionalcharacteristic,sopositiveromanticisminBritishhastheirowncharacteristic.Theromanticismassertedthatrelianceuponemotionandloveandpassionsfornatureprovidedavalidandpowerfulmeansofknowingandareliableguidancetoethicsandliving.TheOdetotheWestWindtooktheworldliterature,andithasmanifestedmanycharacteristicsofpositiveromanticism,butitdidn’tcompletelymanifestthepositiveromanticismcharacteristic.Subjectivism,idealism,deeplylovesfornatureallembodimentthecharacteristicsofpositiveromanticism.Shelleyisoneoftherepressiveofpositiveromanticism.Tosomeextent,Shelleyisfamousfor“OdetotheWestwind”.Thispoemisfilledwithtriumphantandhopefulemotion.Thisthesistargetsatanalyzingthefeaturesofpositiveromanticism.Therealsoexistsomefaultsinthisthesis.TheauthorhopesotherEnglishlearnersmakemoreresearch.Bibliography[2]W.T.Jones.TheRomanticSyndrome.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,1961.[3]A.Thorlby.TheRomanticMovement.California:CaliforniaUniversityPress,1966.[4]L.R.Furst.RomanticisminPerspective.London:CambridgeUniversityPress,1969.[5]江枫.雪莱诗选[M].长沙：湖南人民出版社，1983.[6]北京师联教育科学研究所.外国诗歌基本解读英国卷（中）[M].北京：人民武警出版社，2002.[7]刁克利.英美文学欣赏[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2003. 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