OdetotheWestWindIfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?------如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
Ⅰ.PercyByssheShelley《西风颂》是雪莱“三大颂”诗歌中的一首,写于1819年。这首诗是诗人“骄傲、轻捷而不驯的灵魂”的自白,是时代精神的写照。诗共分5节,每节的韵脚安排是:aba,bcb,cdc,ded,ee。
MajorLiteraryWorks《无神论的必然》TheNecessityofAtheism(1811)《麦布女王》QueenMab:APhilosophicalPoem(1813):hisfirstlongseriousworkemphasizinghowthe“SpiritofNature”《西风颂》OdetotheWestWind(1819):bestofhiswell-knownlyricpoems
MajorLiteraryWorks《伊斯兰的反叛》TheRevoltofIslam(1818):alongnarrativeinSpenserianstanza,proclaimingabloodlessrevolutionandtheregeneration(新生)ofmanbylove《解放的普罗米修斯》PrometheusUnbound(1819):4-actpoeticdrama;derivedfromGreekmythology;“themostperfectofmyproduct”《致云雀》(ToASkylark,1820)
MajorFeaturesofShelley’sPoetryRichinmyth,symbolsandclassicalallusions,especiallyindescribingfire,air,water,windandearth;Strongdramaticpowerasshownintherapidityofhislines;Styleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresofspeech.
HisPositioninEnglishHistoryOneoftheleadingromanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage;Asfarashislyricpoemsareconcerned,heisregardedasoneofthegreatestofallEnglishpoets.
Ⅱ.ⅢⅣⅤⅥHistoricalBackgroundEventTime:August16,1819Location:TheSlaughterofSt.Peter’s.Manchester(彼得卢事件,曼彻斯特)Twoparty:England’snobility&working-classcitizensRelativewords:Economicproblems(经济问题)FrenchRevolution(法国大革命)Establishedorder(既定规章制度)Parliamentaryreform&lawsredesigned(重整国会&重订法律条文)Result:11killed&>500injured(11死,500伤)
Ⅲ.全诗共5节,可分为两个部分1.Part1(1-3):写西风扫落叶,播种子,驱散乱云,放释雷雨,把地中海从夏天的沉睡中吹醒,让大西洋涂上庄严秋色。这一部分是对西风的赞歌。2.Prat2(4-5):诗人将自己写入诗歌,同西风合为一体,把主观感情与自然景物融合在一起。表现诗人投入革命风暴的强烈愿望,也展示了对光明前景的热切期望,充满对光明未来的坚定信念。
王佐良译本第一节啊,狂野的西风,你把秋气猛吹,不露脸便将落叶一扫而空,犹如法师赶走了群鬼,赶走那黄绿红黑紫的一群,那些染上了瘟疫的魔怪——呵,你让种子长翅腾空,又落在冰冷的土壤里深埋,象尸体躺在坟墓,但一朝你那青色的东风妹妹回来,为沉睡的大地吹响银号,驱使羊群般蓓蕾把大气猛喝,就吹出遍野嫩色,处处香飘。狂野的精灵!你吹遍了大地山河,破坏者,保护者,听吧——听我的歌!
第二节你激荡长空,乱云飞坠如落叶;你摇撼天和海,不许它们象老树缠在一堆;你把雨和电赶了下来,只见蓝空上你驰骋之处忽有万丈金发披开,象是酒神的女祭司勃然大怒,愣把她的长发遮住了半个天,将暴风雨的来临宣布。你唱着挽歌送别残年,今夜这天空宛如圆形的大墓,罩住了混浊的云雾一片,却挡不住电火和冰雹的突破,更有黑雨倾盆而下!呵,听我的歌!
第三节你惊扰了地中海的夏日梦,它在清澈的碧水里静躺,听着波浪的催眠曲,睡意正浓,朦胧里它看见南国港外石岛旁,烈日下古老的宫殿和楼台把影子投在海水里晃荡,它们的墙上长满花朵和藓苔,那香气光想想也叫人醉倒!你的来临叫大西洋也惊骇,它忙把海水劈成两半,为你开道,海地下有琼枝玉树安卧,尽管深潜万丈,一听你的怒号就闻声而变色,只见一个个战栗,畏缩——呵,听我的歌!
第四节如果我能是一片落叶随你飘腾,如果我能是一朵流云伴你飞行,或是一个浪头在你的威力下翻滚,如果我能有你的锐势和冲劲,即使比不上你那不羁的奔放,但只要能拾回我当年的童心,我就能陪着你遨游天上,那时候追上你未必是梦呓,又何至沦落到这等颓丧,祈求你来救我之急!呵,卷走我吧,象卷落叶,波浪,流云!我跌在人生的刺树上,我血流遍体!岁月沉重如铁链,压着的灵魂原本同你一样,高傲,飘逸,不驯。
第五节让我做你的竖琴吧,就同森林一般,纵然我们都落叶纷纷,又有何妨!我们身上的秋色斑烂,好给你那狂飚曲添上深沉的回响,甜美而带苍凉。给我你迅猛的劲头!豪迈的精灵,化成我吧,借你的锋芒,把我的腐朽思想扫出宇宙,扫走了枯叶好把新生来激发;凭着我这诗韵做符咒,犹如从未灭的炉头吹出火花,把我的话散布在人群之中!对那沉睡的大地,拿我的嘴当喇叭,吹响一个预言!呵,西风,如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
Ⅳ.Ode:anelaboratelyformallyricpoem,oftenintheformofalengthyceremoniousaddresstoapersonorabstractentity,alwaysseriousandelevatedintone.自由颂(OdeToLiberty,1820)西风颂(OdeToTheWestWind,1819)
OwildWestWind,thoubreathofAutumn'sbeing,TheWestWindisamanifestationofspiritualorsupernaturalenergy,associatedwithbreath,respirationandinspiration,withpneumaandanima,theHolyGhostorSpirit,thespiritoflifeitself.Thisisimportantinastanzawhichcontainssomanyreferencesandallusionstodeathanddecay,reaffirmingtheenergyandvitalityofthewestwind.
WildSpirit,whichartmovingeverywhere;Destroyerandpreserver;hear,Ohear!TheWindpossessesthesetwoattributes,coupledalsowithitsroleasCreator.InHindumythologythethreeprincipalgodsareSiva(Destroyer),Brahma(Creator)andVishnu(Preserver),anditissignificantthatShelley'spoeminvokesallthreegodsasmanifestedintheoneabstractforceof(orwithinorbehind)theWestWind.ThephraseneatlyexpressestheambivalentattitudewhichShelleyfeelstowardstheWind.
IfIwereadeadleafthoumightestbear;IfIwereaswiftcloudtoflywiththee;Awavetopantbeneaththypower,andshareAtthispointthereisabreakinthepoem,aradicalshiftofargumentandapullingtogether.Shelleylikeshimself,hypothetically,toaleaf,acloudandawave,subjecttotheforceoftheWestWind,andaskstobebornealoftwithit:hemaybetalkingabout"inspiration"or"enthusiasm",bothwordswhicharederivedfromthesenseofbeingfilledwithair,inflated,risingaboveexperienceandage.
Thetrumpetofaprophecy!O,Wind,IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?Thereisaconsciousechoherebacktotheclarioncallofstanza1:therethecallwasassociatedwithSpring,andtherearesimilarsuggestionshereoftheproclamationofanewerainhumansociety,precededbytheapocalypticenergysymbolizedbytheWestWind.Thepoemendsitwithaquestion,whichmightappearrhetorical,butismoreprobablyintendedtoindicateShelley'sownuncertainty.
V.Imageanalysis*Thepoem