北京故宫博物院英文导游辞

北京故宫博物院英文导游辞　　Hello,everyone,　　　　Wearenowgoingtopayavisittoaplaceofspecialinterest.ThisscenicspotislocatedatthecenterofBeijingandischaracterizedbythousandsofpalatialarchitecturesandpurplewallsaswellasyellowglazedtileroofs-itissimplyaseaofpalaces.Thisistheworld–famouswonder–thePalaceMuseum.　　　　ThePalaceMuseumhasservedastheroyalresidenceduringtheMingandQingdynasties.Itwasherethatatotalof24monarchsascendedthethroneandwieldedpowerforsome500years.ThePalaceMuseum,asthemostbeautifulspotofinterestthroughoutBeijing,isuniqueforitslocation:tothenorthwestisBeihai(NorthSea)Park,famousforitswhitepagodaandripplinglake;tothewestistheZhongnahai(centralandsouthsea);totheeastliesthetheWangfujingShoppingStreet;andtothenorthidJinshanPark.StandingintheWanchun(EverlastingSpring)Pavilion atthetopofJingshan(CharcoalHill)Park,youoverlooktheskylineofthepalaceMuseum.AtthesouthernendofthepalaceisTian`anmen(GateofHeavenlyPeace)andthefamoussquarenamedafterit.ThisisthesymbolofthePeople`sRepublicofChina.　　　　Aworld-famoushistoricalsite,thePalaceMuseumisontheWorldHeritageListofUNESCOandisanembodimentoforientalcivilization.　　　　ThePalaceMuseumisrectangularinshape,960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterswidefromeasttowest,coveringaspaceof720,000squaremetersofwhich150,000isbuildingarea.Ithas9000-strongroomsinit.Accordingtolegendthereare　room-unitsinall.Thewholecompoundisenclosedbya10-meter-hignwallandisaccessedthroughfourentrances,namely,themeridianGateinthesouth,theGateofMilitaryProwessinthenorth,Donghua(EasternFlowery)Gateinthenorth,Donghua(EasternFlowery)GateintheeastandXihua(WesternFlowery)Gateinthewest.Oneachcornerthereisaturretconsisted of9roofbeams,18pillarsand72ridge.Encirclingthecompoundthereisa3,800-meter-longand52meter-widemoat,makingthePalaceMuseumaself-defensivecity-within-acity.　　　　ThePalaceMuseumwasmadeacenterofruleduringtheMingDynastybyZhunDi,ThefourthsonofthefoundingemperorZhuyuanzhang.Thewholecomplexstraddlesonan8-kilometers-longcentralaxisthatstretchesfromYongding(ForeverStable)GateinthesouthtoGulou(DrumTower)inthenorth.Prominencewasgiventotheroyalpowerbyputtingthe“threemainfronthalls”and“threebackhalls”ontheaxiswhilearrangeothersubsidiarystructurearoundthem.TheconstructionofthePalaceMuseuminvolvedmanpowerandresourcesacrossChina.Forexample,thebrickslaidinthehalls,knownas“goldbrick,”underwentcomplex,two–dozenprocesses.Asthefinaltouch,thefiredbricksweredippedinChinesewoodoil.Involvingcomplicatedprocessesandhighcost,thesebrickarecalled“goldenbricks.”ThePalaceMuseumservesasalivingembodimentofgoodtraditionand stylesuniquetoChina`sancientarchitecture.ItreflectstothefulltheingenuityandcreativityoftheChineseworkingpeople.Acarefullypreservedandcompletegroupofroyalresidences,thePalaceMuseumisaprominenthistoricalandtouristsite.北京长城英文导游词·岳阳楼英文导游辞·重庆英文导游词·西藏英文导游词　　WhatwearenowapproachingisthemainentrancetothePalaceMuseum-theMeridianGate,whichischaracterizedbyredwalls,yellowglazed–tileroofsandupturnedeaves.Ontopofthiswalls,yellowglazed-tileroofsandupturnedeaves.Ontopofthismagnificentbuilding,therestandfiveloftyhallswithamainhallinthecenter.Themainhallisroofedbymultipleeavesandcoversaspaceof9room-units.Itisflankedbytwowingsoneachside.Thewingsaresquareinshape,completewithmultipleandfouredgedeavesandpinnacles.Allofthesestructuresareconnectedbyacolonnade.Becausethesehallsresembleasoaringbird,itwasalsoknowaswufenglou(Five-phoenixTower).Insidethemainhallthereis athrone.Drumsandbellswerestoredinthewings.WhenevertheemperorpresidedovergrandceremoniesorobservedritesintheHallofUpremeHarmony,drums,bellsandgongswouldbestrucktomarktheoccasion.　　　　Asthelegendgoes,theMeridianGateusedtobeaplacewherecondemnedrankingofficialswouldbeexecuted.Thisnottrue.However,floggingwascarriedoutherebytheMingemperors,Ifacourtierfallsafouloftheemperor,hewouldbestrippedofhiscourtdressandfloggingwithastick.Atonepointthepunishmentbecamesoharshthatatotalof11peoplediedfromfatalwoundonasingleoccasion.Ontheotherhand,thisbuildingwasalsousedtoobserveimportantoccasionslikethetraditionalChineseLanternFestival(15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth).Ontheseoccasions,Chineselanternswouldbehangedandsumptuousbanquetswouldbegiveninhonourofthewholecourtofministersandotherrankingofficials.　　UponenteringtheMeridianGatewebeganourtourofthePalaceMuseum.TheriverfoowinginfrontofusisknownasJinShuiHe(GoldenWaterRiver)andthe fivemarblesbridgesspanningitareknownastheInnerGoldenWaterBridges.Theoninthemiddlewasusedexclusivebytheemperoranditsbanisterswerecarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.Thebridgesflankingtheimperialonewerereservedforprincesandotherroyalmembers.Therestwereusedbypalatines.Asidefromdecoration,thegoldenWaterRiverwasalsodugasprecautionagainstfire.MostofthestructureswithinthepalaceMuseumaremadeofwood.Whatismore,accordingtoancientChinesecosmology,theSouthistheabodeoffire,sothisbrookwasdugonthesoutherntipofthePalace.Inthisway,thePalaceMuseumreflectstraditionalChineseculture.　　ThisbuildingiscalledtheGateofSupremeHarmony.Intheforegroundstandtwobronzelions.Cananybodytellwhichismaleandwhichisfemale?Theoneontheeastplayingwithaballismale,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.Theotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemale?Theoneontheeastplayingwithaballismale,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.Theotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemale,representing prosperitytheendlesssuccession.AlayoutofthePalaceMuseumispostedbytheentrance.Fromit,youcanseethatthePalaceMuseumhastwomainparts:theforecourtandtheinnercourt.Thethreemainhallsconstitutethemainstayoftheforecourt,anditwasherethattheemperorannounceddecisionsandobservedrites.Behindtheforecourtthereistheinnercourt,consistingofmajorhallsandtheImperialGarden.Itwaswheretheemperorattendedstateaffairs,livedandenjoyedhisluxuriouslife.TheexhibitionsystemofthePalaceMuseuminvolveshistoricalcourtrelicsandarticlesofancientartandculture.ThePalaceMuseumhousesnearlyonemillionarticlesofraretreasure,oronesixthofthetotalnumberinallofChina`smuseums.TherearethethreemainhallsofthePalacemuseum,builtonatriplemarbleterrace.SincemostofChina`sarchitectureismadeofwood,thebuildingscannotbetootall.Togaintheheightofthearchitecture,ingeniousancientartisansbuiltthehallonagiganticstoneterrace.Itisalsotothisendthatnotasingleplantwasgrowninthesquare.Onstairwaysoftriplemarbleterracethereare18 bronzetripods.Theverandahisflankedbybronzetortoisesandcranes,whichservedassymbolsoflongevity.Ontheeastisasundial,anancienttimepiece.Onthewestthereisagrainmeasuresuggestingthattheemperorwasjustandequitable.　　Inthefrontandoneachflank,thereisapairofgiltbronzevats(caldrons)moldedduringthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty.Eachoftheseweights2tonsandisfilledwithwaterasaprecautionintheeventofafire.ThestructureintheverymiddleistheHallofSupremeHarmony,alsoknownasthethronehall.Itis64metersinwidthandis38metersfromentrancetorear.Withterraceexclusive,thehallis　metersinheightandis　metersinall.Coveringandareaof2,377squaremeters,theHallofSupremeHarmonyisChina`slargestexitingwoodenstructure.Thehallissupportedby6thick,roundpillarscarvedinadesignofcoilingdragons.Astheholiestplaceinthehall,theceilingandcoloredpatternsweremadeofthefinestmaterialavailableatthattime.Thethronewasplacedonaterraceandisflankedbystatuesofelephants,Luduan(aunicornwhichcouldtravel18,000 kilometersadayandunderstandalllanguages),cranesandincensebarrels.Overthethronethereisthecaisson,orcoveredceiling,whichconsistsofacoilingdragonplayingwithaballinitsmouth.ThisballisknownasXuanyuanMirror,andwassupposedlymadebyaChineseemperorofremotetimestoserveasareminderthattheerulerstofollowwerehishereditaryheirs.Thethroneismadeofnanmuandpaintedingold.Magnificentlybuiltandluxuriouslydecorated,thishalldidnotserveasaplaceinwhichtheemperorattendedtodailyaffairs.Heusedhishallformajoreventssuchashisbirthday,conferraloftitleofempressordispatchofgeneralstowar.　　　　　　BehindtheHallofSupremeHarmony,theresitstheHallofCompleteHarmony.Thisstructureissquareinshape.Eachsideis　meters.ThiswastheplacewheretheemperorrelaxedandgreetedhiscourtiersbeforeproceedingtothehallofsupremeHarmonytoobserverites.Thiswasalsotheplacewheretheemperorpreparedprayersorexaminedseedsandsowersbefore heattendedancestralsacrificesorparticipatedinsnowingceremonies.Agrandceremonywasalsoheldhereonceevery10yearsfortheemperortogenealogizetheroyalblood.Therearetwosedanchairsondisplayinthehall.BehindtheHallofCompleteHarmony,youwillseetheHallofPreservingHarmony,whichwasusedasaplacewhereimperialexaminationswereheld.TheimperialexaminationwasthehignestlevelofcompetingformeritoriousappointmentunderthefeudalsystemdatingbacktotheSuiDynasty.China`slastimperialexaminationwasheldin1904duringthereignofEmperorGuangxuoftheQingDynasty.Totherearofhallthereisamarblerampcarvedwithcloudanddragondesigns,thelargestofitskindinthewholecountry.Itis　metersinlength,　metersinwidth,　metersthickandweighs250tons.ItwasquarriedinFangshanCountyinsuburbanBeijing.TobringthisgiantpieceofstonetoBeijingpeoplepouredwaterontotheroadandappliedrollingblocksduringtheprocess.　　WearenowstandingbeforethesquareoftheHallofHeavenPurity.Itservedasadivideseparatingtheforecourtfromtheinnercourt.Thisbuildingisknown astheGateofHeavenlyPurity.EmperorQianlongheldcourthere.Proceedingfurthernorth,youcanfindthreemainrearhalls,thehallofheavenlypurity.theHallofunionandpeaceandpalaceofearthlytranquility.Thehallofheavenlypurityifflankedoneithersidebytwogatesnamedafterthesunandmoon.Insidetheenclosurethereare12palacesandhallssymbolizingconstellations.AlloftheotherbuildingsarecenteredaroundthePalaceofHeavenlyPurity,whichwasmeanttosuggestthatthemonarch`spowerwasendowedbyHeaven.Theempressandconcubineslivedintheinnercourt.　　　　Thehallofheavenlypuritywaswheretheemperorlivedandattendedtodailyaffairs.LatertheemperormovedtoliveinthePalaceofMentalcultivation.LookingupyoucanseeaplaquebearingtheChineseinscription“beopenandabove-board,”amanifestotocourtstruggle.Behindtheplaqueastrongboxwasstoredcontainingawillbearingthenameofthewould–beroyalsuccessor.ThisapproachofsecretlyselectingthenextemperorwasadoptedbyEmperor YongzhengoftheQingDynasty.Twocopiesofthewillwereprepared.Onewasstashedbytheemperorinperson,theotherwasplacedinsidethestrongboxbehindtheplaque.Afterthedeathoftheemperor,thetwocopieswouldbecomparedandsuccessorwouldbeannounced.ItwasinthiswaythatEmperorQianglongandothershaveascendedthethrone.　　　　BehindtheHallofheavenlypurityyouwillseethehallofunionandpeace,whichisindenticaltothehallofcompleteharmony.Itwastherethattheemperorreceivedcongratulationsandtributesfromimperialofficialsonmajorcalenderoccasions,Atotalof25imperialsealsarestoredthere.Inthehall,youwillseeaplaquewiththehandwritteninscriptionof“wewei,”exhortingTaoistdoctrines.　　　　FurthernorthwardisthePalaceofEarthlyTranquillity,whichonceservedasthelivingroomoftheempresses`.Thehallwaslaterconvertedintoasacrificialplace.Throughthewindowpanesontheeasternwallyoucanseetheroyalbeddecoratedwith dragonandphoenixdesigns.Thishallhasalsoservedasthebridalchamberof第～范文网整理该文章，版权归原作者、原出处所有。　　　　TheGateofEarthlyTranquilliityleadstotheImperialgarden(knowntowesternersasQianlong`sGarden),whichwasusedbytheemperor,theempress,andtheconcubines.Amagnificentstructurestandsinthemiddle.ItiscalledtheQin`san(ImperialPeace)Hall.ItistheonlybuildinginthePalaceMuseumthatwasbuiltinTaoiststyle.ItservedasashrinetotheTaoistdeity.Thegardencoversaspaceof12,000squaremeters,andis130metersfromeasttothewestandsome90metersfromnorthtothesouth.Thereareadozenhalls,verandahs,pavilionsandwatersidehousesinthegarden.Oneachofthefurcornerthereisapaviliondedicatedtothefourseasonswhichisdifferentinconstructionstyleandshape.Thegardenalsofeaturesanimperiallandscape.Withraretreesandexoticrockery,theImperialGardenservedasamodelforChina`simperialparks.Inall,atotalof10-strongbuildingstyleswereapplied. 　　　　Thetallbuildingwearenowpassingisthegateofmilitaryprowess,thebackdoorofthePalaceMuseum.OurvisitisnowdrawingtoaconclusionbutthearchitecturesofthePalacearenot.Ontheothersideoftheroadisthe43-meter-hignCharcoalHill,providingnaturalprotectionfortheForbiddenCity.ThiswasalsoanembodimentofChina`sconstructionstyle-puttingapoolinthefrontandahillintherear.Nowlet`sclimbuptoWanchun(EverlastingSprings)Pavillionwherewe`llhaveagreatviewofthePalaceMuseum.