IdiomsandproverbsinShakespeare’sworks
Outlineofourpresentation1.Introduction:Shakespeare’sachievementsandhiscontributiontoallusions.2.AllusionsandproverbsinShakespeare’sworks3.translationofallusionsandproverbs.
1.IntroductionIdiomsareperson’stypicalstyleofexpressioninlanguage.Theyreflectanation’sculturetraditionandhistory.Infact,agreatnumberofidiomscomefromliteratureandareusedbygenerations.AndShakespearecontributedalottotheformationanddevelopmentoftheidioms.
WilliamShakespeare(1564-1606)isregardedas”thefatherofmodernEnglish”.Heisagreatplaywriterandpoet.Duringhislifetime,hehadwrittenplentyofdramassuchas:TheMerchantofVeniceRomeoandJulietKingLearHamletAsyoulikeitMacbethTheTempestandsoon.
Hisdramaticcareer,with38playsintotal,isusuallydividedinto4stages:(1)1590-1594fromHenryVItoRomeoandJuliet:thereisnogreatcomplexityofimageryinhisstyleofthisperiod;(2)1595-1600fromRichardIItoTwelfthNight:amaturestyleisgraduallydeveloped,concentratedinimageryandincreasingforcefulincharacterization;(3)1601-1608fromHamlettoTimonofAthens:thegreattragediesandsatiriccomediesshowsafullydevelopedstyleandamodeoftragicthought.TheplayMacbethisasignificantworkofthisperiod;(4)1609-1611fromPericlestotheTempest:the“reconciliationplays”wheretragedyistransmutedintothereconciliationoftheopposingelements.
AlthoughShakespeare’splayswerewritten300yearsago,manylinesfromhisplaysarestillcitedcommonlyineverydayEnglish,suchasForgiveandforget（不记仇）That’sallGreektome（我对此一窍不通）Alliswellthatendswell（结果好就一切都好）Allisnotgoldthatglitters（闪闪发光物未必尽黄金）
ThereisastoryaboutanoldEnglishmanwhohadneverseenaplaybyShakespeare.HewasinvitedtoseeHamlet.Afterwatchingtheplay,hecomplained:”Justalotofquotationsputtogether.”Hedidn’tknowthat“thosequotations”camefromtheplayHamlet,andthatShakespearehimselfwastheauthorofthosesayings.Fromthestory,wecansaythatShakespeareplaysaveryimportantroleinEnglishallusions.
Infact,anumberofcharactersfromShakespeare’splayshavecometostandforanypersonhavingthesamepersonalitiesofthosecharacters.ARomeo━ahandsomeyoungmanpassionate,dashing,whohasawaywithwomen━RomeoandJulietACleopatra━apeerlessbeauty━AnthonyandCleopatraAShylock━acruel,greedy,money-grabbingperson,onewhowillgotonoendstoacquirewealth━TheMerchantofVeniceAHamlet━abluesensitivepersonwhooftenhesitatedoingsomething━Hamlet
OthelloGreen–eyedmonster绿眼妖魔,嫉妒第3幕第3场Iago:“O!beware,mylord,ofjealousy:/Itisthegreen-eyedmonsterwhichbothmock,/themeatitfeedson”啊，主帅啊,你要小心嫉妒啊；/那时一个绿眼的妖魔，谁做了他的牺牲品，/就要受他的玩弄E.g.Cherrywasagreen-eyedmonster,buttriedtohideitunderprotestationofadmiration.
Wearone’sheartonone’ssleeve十分坦率，公开表露感情,现表示”坦率地表示感情”或”过于心直口快”。IagoisthebadguyinOthello.Heisahoney-mouthedanddagger-heartedman.Heoncesaid:"ButIwillwearmyheartuponmysleeve/Fordawstopeckat:IamnotIam.’’要是我表面上的恭而敬之的行为会泄露我内心的活动，那麽不久我就要掬出我的心来，让乌鸦乱啄了。世人知道的我，并不是真的我。
KingHarryIVTom,DickandHarry张三李四,阿猫阿狗,任何人,每一个人.分别为Thomas,Richard,Herry这三个普通常见的人名的昵称.在此剧第二幕第四场用过Tom,DickandFrancis这一形式.E.g.Iaskedyoutokeepmyplanssecret,butyou’vetoldthemtoeveryTom,Dick,andHarry.我的计划我要你保密,可是你却对每个人都说了.
HamletHoistwithone’sownpetard用自己的炸药炸死自己,现指“作法自毙，害人反害己，作茧自缚；搬石头砸自己的脚”第3幕第4场：for‘tisthesporttohavetheengineer/Hoistwithhisownpetard.开炮的要是给炮轰了,这是一件好玩的事.E.g.Thevandalswerehoistwiththeirownpetardwhentheywantedtomakeanemergencycallfromthephone-boxtheyhadbroken.
Outofjoint关节脱臼,指（情形）杂乱无章第1幕第5场:Thetimeisoutofjoint:ohcursedspite/ThateverIwasborntosetitright.这是一个颠倒混乱的时代，/哎，倒霉的我却要负起重整乾坤的责任！E.g.toanolderperson,theaffairsoftheworldseemoutofjoint.
Theobservedofallobservers举世瞩目的中心；大家注视的人第3幕第1场,王子哈姆雷特本来爱上了大臣波洛涅斯(Polonius)之女奥菲莉娅(Ophelia).可是为报父仇,他在言语举止和衣着上都装成一个疯子，对奥菲莉娅也故意装得粗暴无情,把她的心伤透了.她满怀悲伤地说:“O,whatanoblemindishereo’erthrown!Theglassoffashionandthemouldofform.Theobserv’dofallobservers,--quite,quitedown!”啊,一颗多么高贵的心是这样殒落了,时流的明镜,人伦的雅范,举世瞩目的中心这样无可挽回地殒落了。E.g.hemountedontheplatform,theobservedofallobservers.他登上讲台，成为大家注视的人。
Inone’sheartofheart(s)在内心深处或实际上。第3幕第2场,他对他的好友霍拉旭(Horatio)的一番内心表白:Givemethatman/thatisnotpassion’sslave,andIwillwearhim/inmyheart’score,ay,inmyheartofheart,/asIdothee.给我一个不为感情所奴役的人，我愿意把他珍藏在我的心坎，我的灵魂的深处，正像我对你一样。E.g.Ididn’twanttobelieveit,butinmyheartofheartsIknewthatitwastrue.我不愿相信它，但在内心深处我知道那是真实的。
Thereistherub.难就难在这,问题就在这里第3幕第1个场.哈姆雷特从父王亡魂口中得知谋害他父王的罪魁祸首正是他叔父之后说道:“tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion:---todie,---tosleep,----tosleep,perchancetodream:---ay,there’stherub;forinthatitsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil”E.g.Youcannotgetajobunlessyouhaveexperience,butthereistherub,youcannotgetexperienceunlessyouhaveajob.
Primrosepath享乐之路,寻欢作乐之路。第1幕第3场.奥菲莉娅(Ophelia)对她哥哥说：But,mybrother,/donot,assomeungraciouspastorsdo,/showmethesteepandthornywaytoheaven;/whilstlikeapuff’dandrecklesslibertine,/himselftheprimrosepathofdalliancetreads。可是,我的哥哥,你不要像有些坏牧师一样,指点我上天去的险峻的荆棘之途,自己却在花街柳巷流连忘返。E.g.Itisthatwomanthathasledhimdowntheprimrosepath.就是这个女人把她引上了放荡的堕落道路。
RomeoandJulietHitthemark(打中目标)现指达到目的,说话中肯。Antonym:missthemark第2幕第1场Mercutio:Iflovebeblind,lovecannothitthemark.E.g.whatyousaidjusthitthemark.Thepinkofperfection.十全十美,完美到极点.第2幕第4场中曾用theverypinkofcourtesy.它来表示讲礼讲到头E.g.Nomatterwhattheoccasion,she’salwaysdressedinthepinkofperfection.不论在什么场合,她的穿着总是极为讲究.
Thumbone’snose(at)对之以鼻,蔑视第1幕第1场Iwillbitemythumbatthem;whichisadisgracetothem,iftheybearit.我要向他们咬我的大拇指,瞧他们能不能忍受这样的侮辱.E.g.Theactor,inafurtherattempttothumbhisnoseatHollywood,declinedtoaccepttheaward.这位演员,为了进而表示对好莱坞的蔑视,拒不接受该奖.
Wild-goosechase徒劳之举，白费力气的追逐第2幕第4场中罗密欧的一个朋友茂丘本奥(Mercutio)说的一段话Nay,ifourwitsrunthewild-goosechase,Iamdone.不,如果比聪明像跑野马,我承认我输了。E.g.aftertwohoursspentwanderinginthesnow,Irealizedwewereonawild-goosechase.在雪地里转了两个小时之后，我意识到我们是在作徒劳无益的追逐.Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.玫瑰花不管叫什么名字还是同样香.
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