鲁滨逊漂流记的人物分析论文

贵州民族大学[鲁滨逊漂流记人物性格分析]专业：[英语专业]班级：[英语1班]学生姓名：[胡雪]指导教师：[牛敏]完成时间：2021年9月4日 AncharacteristicanalysisofRobinsonCrusoeUponRobinsonCrusoebyHuXueUndertheSupervisionofAssociateProf.NiuMinAthesissubmittedaspartialrequirementforThefinalexamGuizhouMinzuUniversityGuiyang,Guizhou,ChinaJuly2nd,2015 ContentsAbstract.........................................................................................................................1Ⅰ.Introduction.............................................................................................................11.1.Thebackgroundofwork....................................................................................11.2.ThetheoryofTextAnalysis.............................................................................21.3.IntroductionofthewholestoryandDanielDefoe........................................2Ⅱ.LiteratureReview.................................................................................................42.1.Thepresentstudyofforeignscholars....................................................................42.2.TheSignificanceoftheresearch...................................................................4Ⅲ.TheanalysisofthecharacterofRobinsonCrusoe...............................................52.ThepositiveaspectsofthecharacterofRobinsonCrusoe................................52.1Thecharacterofdetermination......................................................................52.2.Thecharacterofindividualism....................................................................52.3.Thecharacterofkindness..........................................................................52.4.Thecharacterofhardworking................................................................62.5.Thecharacterofwisdom........................................................................63.ThenegativeaspectsofthecharacterofRobinsonCrusoe.............................63.1.RobinsonCrusoepayslittleattentiontohisfamily.....................................63.2.RobinsonCrusoeisvain.............................................................................73.3.RobinsonCrusoelikestokeepslave........................................................74.Thesubtlepsychologicaldescription.................................................................8V.Conclusion.................................................................................................................8VI.Bibliography...........................................................................................................9i AncharacteristicanalysisofRobinsonCrusoeuponRobinsonCrusoe[Abstract]RobinsonCrusoe,therenownedworkswrittenbyDanielDefoe,isthepopularherostoryinAmerica.ItisknowntoallthatamannamedRobinsonCrusoelivesinauninhabitedislandwhereisnothingjustwildanimalanduncertainfutureovertwentyyears.However,hegetsoveranydangersandfinalgoesback.Itisasortofencouragedstorytohelppeopletogowellintheirlives.DanielDefoewasanEnglishtrader,writer,journalist, pamphleteer andspy.Hewrotemorethanfivehundredbooks,pamphletsandjournalsonvarioustopics(includingpolitics,crime,religion,marriage,psychologyandthesupernatural).Hewasalsoapioneerof economicjournalism.ThisessayismainlytodiscussRobinsonCrusoe.ThefirstpartistointroducethebackgroundofRobinsonCrusoe,thefamouswriterDanielDefoe,andthewholestory.Andatthesecondpart,itisintroducedtothecharacteranalysisofRobinsonCrusoe.Attheendofpart,itismainlytodoaconclusionforthewholeessay.Keywords:character;analysis;psychologyⅠ.Introduction1.1.ThebackgroundofWorkRobinsonCrusoeisthemainrepresentativeworkofthefatheroftheAmericannovel,DanielDefoe.Thisnovelisthemostpopularinhisworks.Thebookisbasedonatruestory.InSeptember1704,amannamedAlexanderSelkirk,isaScottishsailordueabandonedinSouthAmericabythecaptainduetotheconflictwithcaptainintheAtlanticOceantheamphionSouthDevonIsland,hespentfouryearsandfourmonthsonthedesertedisland.InFebruary12,1709,aAmericanpulledhimawayfromtheisland.Defoewasinspiredbythis,andwritedownthefamouswork.8 1.2.TheTheoryofTextAnalysisFromthesurfaceofthetexttothedepthofthetext,textanalysisreferstofindoutthedeepmeaningoftheordinaryreading.Therearethreemajormethodsusedwhendoananalysisofawork----"NewCriticism",Symbolicanalysis,andNarrativeanalysis."NewCriticism"isnotonlythebasisofthemethod,butalsoverypractical.Thatistosay,itistodo"detailread"fromtextinthelanguageofthenondailyuse,suchas"irony","tension"."Reading"hasnowbecomeabasicskillduringthetextanalysis."NewCriticism"isveryusefultowardspoetry,shortstoriesandtextanalysis,butforthenovel,itishardtoexpress.Withthehelpofnarrativeanalysis,itiseasytoconcentrateonthemainpoints.Semioticsisactuallyaverybroadconcept,itreferstothemostclassic,whichisthemostcommonlyusedsemioticanalysismethod----Greimas'smethod,includingmatrixanalysisanddynamicanalysis.Ofcourse,RolandBartandTodorovcomeupwithmanyothermethods,however,whatevermethodshasthebasicprinciple.Theso-called"structural"analysismethodissimilartothis.Narrativeanalysisismainlythestoryanalysis,whichisincludingStorysequencesanalysis,storytypeanalysis,andanalysisofnarrativeperspective,includingthenarrator'sperson,location,credibility;thevoiceofthenarrator,narrativespeed.Ofcourse,narrationisequallyconcernedaboutthecharactersofdiscourseanalysis,itissaidtothedirectspeechandindirectspeechandfreeindirectspeech.Becausenarrativesemioticsareestablishedonthebasisoflinguistics.Therefore,analyzinganovellikeanalysisofasentence,equivalentofthecharactersinasubject,actionfigure,isequivalenttothepredicate,andcharactersofqualityistheequivalentoftheattributiveoradverbial.1.3.IntroductionoftheWholeStoryandDanielDefoeThepersonalandtypicalimaginecalledRobinsonissuccessfullycreatedbyDanielDefoe.Robinsonlivedinaseparatedislandfor28years,afteroverwhelmingallkindsoftroubles,creatingthewonderfullegendoflife,showingustheshiningspotsonhischaracters:breakingdowncurrentsituation,followinghishearttomeetuncertain8 things,makinguseofintelligentanddoingwellwithlaborandfaithful.Robinsonbornagoodmiddle-classfamily,hisparentsisProtestants,anddevotetoturnRobinsonintoachurchmaninordertolivewithoutanysorrow.YetRobinsonalwaysrefusesthearrangementfromhisfamilyfortheirresistiblepowerinthedeepestmindbecausehewanttogoabroadtohorizonhiseyes.Herunsawaywithoutanywordstohisparents.Thefirstvoyage,hesuffersfrombigstormsothattheshipisdevouredbyocean,fortheGodblessing,hesurvivedatthisdisaster.Thesecondtrip,hefortunatelyearnedsumsofwealth.Onthecontrarywithsecondtrip,hewascaughtbyMoors,hadthechangingidentifyofhimself,hebecameMoors’slaves.Hepretendedtofollowmaster’smindifanorderistold,finally,thesillymastertrusthimandmoreandmorefreedomareallowed.Atapropermoment,hestolenshipsofMoors,andgetthehelpfromthecapitalinaSpanishship,inaddition,hehadagoodrelationshipwiththekindandhonestcapital.AfterarrivingBrazil,Robinsonhadtherightforamanorforheboughtitbefore.However,thesteadyconditioncan’tsatisfyhisdesire,hewentabroadagaintodobusinessofslaver.Butthistripisoutofhiscontrol,hesuffersthegreatstorm,andisboxedupinainhabitedisland,everythinggoeswrong,nohouse,nofood,noclothes,nosafetyandwhat’stheworst,hisbodydoesn’tworkasusually.Inthismoment,thewords“damnit”maybeexpressthefeeling.Ifiaminthatkindofworstcondition,iwoulddodiedrathertofacetheunpromisingfuture.Toreader’ssurprise,ornot(servefortheplots),Robinsongetup,andcreatenecessarygoods.Firststep,tocarryeverythingfromthediedshipsupportthebasicwant.Therearethethings,powder,wine,alittlefood,someofclothesandsometools,evenpiecesoftheship.What’smore,hecreateanotherfoodjustlikebreadcookedwithman-madeandroughvessel.Andacaveisasthehouseheliveinordertoprotecthimselffromthewildanimalsandover-changingclimate.Timesgoessofast,17yearsisover.EverythinggoesasRobinson’smind.Buttheprintofunknownhumanorinhumancametohislife.Messofthoughtsarefullofhismind,andhecouldn’tignoreit.Oneday,hefoundthetruththattheprintisleftbyseveralsavages.Byaccident,hesavedawildman,andnamedhimFriday.Thisisthesecondpartofthisbooks.8 ThethirdpartofRobinsonCrusoe,itismainlyrelatedtotheexperiencewhenhewentback.Ⅱ.LiteratureReviewTherepresentativeworkofDanielDefoe,RobinsonCrusoe,isconstantlystudiedsinceitspublicationin1719,forfourhundredyears,thedomesticandforeignscholarshaveneverstoppedtopayattentiontothiswork.2.1.ThePresentStudyofForeignScholarsTheaspectoftheworksofthelaterwritersandtheinfluenceofthereaders.ShownThomson,thestudentoftheUniversityofKansas,writesadoctoraldissertationin2006:FortressofAmericanSolitude:CrusoeToposinNineteenth-CenturyAmerican[1],theauthorholdsthatthe19thcenturyAmericanFictionintheplotstructurefollowsTheadventurerichtraditionalthemeoftheRobinsonCrusoe,whichalsohasthebiginfluencetotheyoungpeople.AninterpretationofthevisionofthecolonialandPostColonial.TothiskindofunderstandingismostobviousattheStateUniversityofNewYorkatEdwardJonathan'smaster'sthesis:“IMadeHimKnowHisNameShouldBeFriday”:NamingandSexualityinRobinsonCrusoeandFoe[2].AndWolframMichaelSchmidgen‘smaster’sthesis:PossessiveWorlds:CommunitiesofPersonsandThingsinEighteenth-CenturyBritishFiction[3].EdwardthinksthatRobinsonisatypicalmalecentrismandEurocentric.AccordingtoLacan'stheoryofpsychologicaldevelopmentmodel,authorconsidersthattheprotagonistontheisland,bothtopeopleorobjectsnamedaretryingtoavoidandwomen,bynaminganimalsandplantsandcivilizethenativesandputanendtocontactwiththefemale.2.2.TheSignificanceofTheResearchCriticstdoastudytowardsRobinsonCrusoefromamultiangle,multi-levelresearch,whetheritisRobinsonhimself,orothercharacters,suchasFriday.ThepurposeofthispaperisfromthepositiveaspectsandnegativeaspectsoftheRobinsoninRobinsonCrusoe,andtriestosortoutthecharacterimageoftheworksLeeRobinsonthelivingishowtodescribe.8 Ⅲ.TheAnalysisofTheCharacterofRobinsonCrusoeThepurposeofthispaperisfromthepositiveaspectsandnegativeaspectsoftheRobinsoninRobinsonCrusoe,andtriestosortoutthecharacterimageoftheworksLeeRobinsonthelivingishowtodescribe.2.ThePositiveAspectsoftheCharacterofRobinsonCrusoe2.1TheCharacterofDeterminationRobinsonwasborninamiddle-classfamily,hisparents,theProtestants.Hewasarrangedtoobeythefateandbecamealawyer.Buttheyoungmanalwayswanttobrakeoutthis,andtobeasailor.19yearsold,herunsawayfrom,andbeginshiswaytotakeadventureonasea.Inspiteofmanyperilsandadventureaonthesea,henevergiveup.IthasbeenmentionedthattheurgeofseekingaftertheseaistheonlyaimsforRobinson.2.2.TheCharacterofIndividualism.Defoewasborninaturbulentage,andtheclasswasignoringbynobility,andtherewasnohugewealthorrelicsfromgenerations.Thewaytoshininghimselfistostruggleandperfecthimselftogoupper.Sotheherofiguredoesn’tcomeoutbychance.Defoesetshismeritstothefigure.TheidealsofenlightenmentendowedRobinsonsomeprogressivecharacters.Thelifeoffollowinghisownheartandvaluedindividualiscominganddoingallthetime.Whileinthemiddleage,humantookthegodasthecore.Robinsonwasnotwillingtosticktotheolddoctrinesandlivedalifeofleisureandease.“myheadbegantobefilledveryearlywithramblingthoughts：myfather,whowasveryancient,hadgivenmecompetentshareoflearning...anddesignedforthelaw,butIwouldbesatisfiedwithnothingbutgotosea...”Hisrestlessnaturemadehimalwaysfightforabetterlifeandthethingshewantedtopossess:hewentouttoseathreetimestodobusiness,evenafterhehadestablishedhisplantationinBrazil.2.3.TheCharacterofKindnessForthispoint,hehaswonpeople’sconcern,respectandbestwishes.Wecanfinditbetweenthelinesofthebook.Heisreallyperformingwell.Forexample,whenhe8 foundthatthesavagewretcheshadcomeotheislandtoholdaninhumanfeastinguponthebodiesoftheirfellowcreature,hewassoastonishedandfilledwithhorror.Fromthenon,healwaysthoughtabouthowhecoulddestroysomeofthesemonstersintheircruelbloodyentertainment,andifpossible,savethevictimstheybroughttoeat.Hesavedonevictim,namedFridaybyhim,whobecameatrueandfaithfulcompanionlater.2.4.TheCharacterofHardworkingRobinsonhadshownhismarvelouscapacityforwork,hisboundlessenergyandpersistenceinovercomingobstacles.TherealisticaccountofthesuccessfulstruggleofRobinsonsinglehandedlyagainstthepitilessforcesnaturemakesupthebestpartofthenovel.Hisperseveranceinspendingmonthsmakingacanoe,andinpracticingpotterymakinguntilhegotitright,arepraiseworthy.Additionally,heresourcefulnessisinbuildingashelter,dairy.2.5.TheCharacterofWisdomAftertheshipwreckinRobinson’sthirdvoyage,hemanagedtolandontheisolatedisland.Thankstotheeducationhereceivedinthemodernsocietyandthegoodsheluckilygotfromthewreckedship,especiallythetoolsforproduction,hecouldthenliveontheislandandremarkitathisownwill.Whenfacingdifficulties,RobinsonnotalwaysprayedfortheGod’sblessingbutusedhiswisdomandtoolstofightalltheobstaclesoff,andcreatedanecessaryandcomfortablelifeforhimself.Heusedfullofhisknowledgeandlearnedmore.Inaword,believingthathumancouldbendnaturetohiswillbyhiswisdomandhardworking,insteadofrelyingonGod,Robinsonchangedhismiserablelife.3.TheNegativeAspectsoftheCharacterofRobinsonCrusoeJustliketheoldsayinggoes,“coinhastwosides.”.RobinsonCrusoealsohashisshortcominginhischaracter.3.1.RobinsonCrusoepayslittleAttentiontohisFamilyInordertorealizehisdream,Robinsonlefthisfamily,notconsideringmuchaboutthefeelingofthefamily.Ashetoldus,“Iwouldbesatisfiedwithnothingbutgoto8 sea,andmyinclinationtothisledmestronglyagainstthewill,naythecommandsofmyfather,andagainstalltheentreatiesandpersuasionofmymotherandotherfriends.”Intheendhewentouttoseawithoutsayinggoodbyetohisfamily.This,tome,isirresponsible,especiallyinmodernsociety.3.2.RobinsonCrusoeisVainRobinsonCrusoealsohadasenseofsenseofvanityandweakness.Afterthefirstseavoyagefailed,hehadthethoughtofgoinghome,shameopposedtheaction,“itoccurredtomehowIshouldbelaughedatamongtheneighbors,andshouldeashamedtosee,notmyfatherandmotheronly,buteveneverybodyelse.”Onthispoint,Idon’tagreewithRobinson,forhissostrongasenseofvanity.Whatismore,sometimeshewasdullandlackingpredictionoftheresults.Oncehehadanidealplantomakehimselfacanoe,onebigenoughtohavecarriedhimandallhiscargo.Hethoughtitpossibleandeasy,butinterestedinpossessions,powerandprestige.Aftertheislandwaspeopled,itturnedouttobeamadplanandunlikelytobeperformed:hesimplycouldn’tthinkhewas“veryrichinsubjects”,andhethoughtitwasa“merryreflection”that“howlikeakingIlooked.”hethoughtthewholecountrywasmyown.3.3.RobinsonCrusoelikestoKeepSlavesDuetoRobinson’sbourgeoisieoutlook,hedidhavesomelimitsofthebourgeoisie.Forexample,hesupportedslaveryandthoughtitwasaprofitabletrade.Hewasridiculousonthispoint,thatis,hewhobeliethatmanwasbornfreeandequalwaseveneagertoownsomeslavesanddirectthemathiswill.Aftermanyyearsoflivingontheisland,hesettogetoneofthosesavagesintohishands,theslaveiscalled“Friday”.ThefirstwordhetaughttoFridayis“Master”evenbeforeteachinghimthewords“yes”and”no”,andletheknowthatwastobehisname.4.TheSubtlePsychologicalDescriptionThereareseveraldescriptiontothecharactersofRobinson.Forexample,thethoughtswhenhehadillnessfirstlyshowssicknesscan’tputhimtothehell.Ontheconditionofnomedicine,seriousweaknessandnoonewithhim,,theweakestbodycan’tmakehimtoeatordrink,andinordertosurvive,heusesthetobaccotocure8 himwhetheritisusefulforhim.Thisisthenatureoflife.Sufferingsoseriouspainsfrombodies,hegotoverandthengottheexperiencesfromwhathegone.Thatissay,heisamanofneveryieldtoanyone.What’smore,itissoimpressedonmetothesubtlepsychologicaldescription.Justasthedescription,“Inthemiddleofthesecogitations,apprehensionsandreflection,itcameintomythoughtoneday,thatallthismightbeameerchimeraofmyown......andthatifatlastthiswasonlytheprintofmyownfoot,Ihadplayedthepartofthosefools,whostrivetomakestoriesofspectres,andapparitions;andthenarefrightenedatthemmorethananybody.”andthedescription,“AsforthewaywhichIproposedtomyselftogoinandout,forIleftnoavenue;itwasbysettingtwoladdersonetoapartoftherockwhichwaslow,andthenbrokein,andleftroomtoplaceanotherladderuponthat...”.ItiseasilyknownthatthecharacterofRobinsonisscrupulousness,thoughtout.Ⅳ.Conclusion:ThewholeessayismainlytalkingaboutthecontentofRobinsonCrusoe,whichisaherostoryandasortofencouragingstory,theanalysisofRobinsonCrusoe,theintroductionofDanielDefoeandawesomesentencesandphrasewhichgivethespacetothinkover.Ilearnedalotoffromthesolutionwaywhensufferingsorrows---justmakealistforevilandgood.Therearenottheendoftheworld,toholdapositiveattitudetotheworld,thefateisn’toutofyourcontrol.Tobe,ornottobe;thatisaquestion.Tobealivemeanstobecareforyourself.Themasterofyourfateisonlyyou.What’smore,don’tputeyesonthecurrents,theworldcangivedifferentandwonderfulthingstoyou.Differentscenerywillleadyoutofeelthemagicofnature.Andthediversitiesofnaturalorregionalculturewillattachyourheartandguideyoutotouchthebreathofcountry.Thethingswhathappentoyouwillchangeyourmindandrefreshyourself.Sojusttotravel,ifyou’reboringforyourcurrentstate.Reference:8 [1]Shawn,Thomas:FortressofAmericanScolitude:theCrusoeToposinNineteenth-centuryAmerica[D]UniversityofKansas,2006.[2]Jonathan,Edward“IMadeHimKnowHisNameShouldBeFriday”:NamingandSexualityin“RobinsonCrusoe”and“Foe”[D]StateUniversityofNewYork,2009.[3]Schmidgen,WolframMichael.PossessiveWorlds:CommunitiesofPersonsandThingsinEighteenth-centuryBritishFiction[D]TheUniversityofChicago,1997.[4]Defoe,D.RobinsonCrusoe[M].中国宇航出版社，2011年.8