无端崖之辞 成品

第五单元《庄子》选读课标定位高效导学【课标要求】1、理解并学习《庄子》的思想及其在文章写作方面的问题。2、通过学习选文，比较深入和系统地了解庄子的思想，尤其是他对社会、人生问题的思考。3、通过了解庄子的思想、了解庄子对社会人生问题的思考，得到立身处世的借鉴。4、努力挖掘语料在写作方面可以赏鉴的要素。《庄子》中的文章或深幽，或浅豁，却都有奇妙过人之处。【单元概览】篇目主要内容学习目标《无端崖之辞》庄子营造的艺术表现方式，最鲜明的一个特点就是奇。其学说文章是“谬悠之说，荒唐之言，无端崖之辞”。亦即迂远的说教、荒唐的言论、无头绪无边际的言辞。主要是要领会《庄子》写作艺术的新颖奇妙。《鹏之徙于南冥》选文展示了庄子认为的逍遥，逍遥游是人生至大至高的境界、气象和格局。了解庄子不断追求最高人生境界的思想，学习他确定下一个最高的目标后，便向上不断努力的精神。《东海之大乐》庄子警示人们，人自身可能有很多很多的局限，跳脱这些局限，才能够提升自己的境界、气象和格局；人外有人，天外有天，你永远不应该自满。在《庄子》的启发下，超脱地域、时间以及所受教育方面的局限性，不断提升自己的精神境界。《尊生》《庄子》是对世俗观念的反叛。在把拥有天下视为最高追求的时代，庄子却说，价值更高因此也更应该珍视的其实是生命。理解庄子及其弟子们以生命为本的价值选择，培养珍重自我生命以及他人生命的道德情怀。《恶乎往而不可》庄子认为如果对死亡的忧惧成为人们生活中不可承受的重压的话，那么生命就丧失了强度和韧性。把握庄子那种从人生绝境中实现突围的精神力量，培养生命的韧性。thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse 【学法导航】1．认真领会庄子思想的高妙及其不可替代的现代价值，努力挖掘语料在写作方面可以赏鉴的要素。《庄子》中的文章或深幽，或浅豁，却都有奇妙过人之处。第五单元《庄子》选读[]单元说明2．学习本单元内容的同时，学生自己阅读教材概说部分，以了解庄子其人以及《庄子》其书的历史背景和整体情况。3．提阅读古今一些重要学者对《庄子》及其艺术的整体性认识，有很高的参考、指导价值。4.联系自己的现实人生问题，以庄子思想解释社会、人生的许多事件。一、无端崖之辞自主构建积累梳理一、字音识记恂目之志(shùn)巨缁(zī)会稽(Kuài)离而腊之(xī)惮赫千里(dá)槁项黄馘(xù)声侔鬼神(móu)二、通假举要王说之(通“悦”，理解为喜欢，高兴)反于宋(通“返”，理解为返回)恂目(通“瞬”，理解为眨眼)儵(通“倏”，理解为寓言人物名)馅(通“陷”，理解为陷没)阨巷(通“隘”，理解为狭窄的地方)三、一词多义thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse 四、古今异义相与遇于浑沌之地古义：寓言人物的名字今义：糊里糊涂背逡巡古义：退却今义：有所顾虑而徘徊或不敢前进饰小说以干县令古义：指偏颇琐屑的言论今义：一种叙事性的文学体裁虽然，臣之质死久矣古义：虽然这样今义：转折连词五、词类活用郢人垩漫其鼻端　名词作状语，被白色土上窥青天　名词作状语，向上惠子相梁　名词作动词，做相日凿一窍　名词作状语，每天一悟万乘之主而从车百乘者　使动用法，使……醒悟，命……跟从君岂有斗升之水而活我哉　使动用法，使……活离而腊之　名词作动词，做成干肉六、文言句式我，东海之波臣也判断句因窘织屦，槁项黄馘者，商之所短也判断句吾无与言之矣省略句子何为者邪宾语前置句搜于国中三日三夜状语后置句文本解读点石成金一、名句赏析评“庄子送葬”章thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse ……庄周奇文。庄才遇惠子，便出奇句，便有奇思奇笔，乃知奇文待人而见也。（明·陈深辑《诸子品节》）钟期死，伯牙不复弹；郢人死，匠石不复斫；惠施死，庄子无与言。呜呼，人生在世，虽挟绝技，又恶可以独施乎哉！（清·宣颖《南华经解》）庄子、惠子意见虽不同，然惠子犹是解人也。寥寥数语，写出低徊踯躅无限凄凉。（张之纯《评注诸子》二、互动探究1．细读选文2寓言，简要说明前后两次射箭的不同及启示。射箭在古代司空见惯，然而列御寇善于射箭，把满满一杯水放在胳膊肘上，引弓连发数箭，箭箭中的，而滴水不洒，这已经让人很惊愕了；但在“射之射”之上进一步提出伯昏无人的“不射之射”，说他背对深渊，脚掌三分之二悬空，面不改色心不跳，让列御寇汗流至踵，导致难中目标的结局。名师点金：实际上这是“有心而射”和“无心而射”的区别，前者是为射而射，因善射而中的；后者是前者的继续，只有到达“至人”之境，才能出现“不射之射”即“无心而射”的状态。从而也揭示了只有心无杂念，超凡脱俗，才能达到至高境界。2.简析《涸辙之鲋》蕴含的寓意鲫鱼在车辙中只要借斗升之水即可活命，如果等庄子去游说吴越之王，开凿运河，把蜀江的水引过来，鲫鱼早就渴死了，远水解不了近渴，这是人们的常识。名师点金：这个故事揭露了监河侯假大方、真吝啬的伪善面目。讽刺了说大话，讲空话，不解决实际问题的人的惯用伎俩。3．你怎么看待任公子钓鱼一事？任公子钓鱼，真是不同凡响。他先做了巨大的鱼钩和巨大的黑色钓绳，拿来五十头阉割过的牛做钓饵。不仅如此，他还蹲在了会稽山上，把钓竿投向浩瀚的大海。不过，尽管他天天都在那里守候，一年下来，却没有钓上一条鱼。后来终于钓上一条惊天骇地的大鱼。名师点金：任公子有大抱负、大才能，又耐得住寂寞，有恒心，有毅力，所以才最终有大作为。我们应该像任公子一样，树立远大理想，持之以恒，争取有最大的成功。三、自主探究从“浑沌七窍”看庄子的无为。thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse 故事情节简单，叙说纯用白描手法，语言通俗浅显，但构思奇特，寓意很深。它首先虚构了三位神道，一南一北一中，居住三处，原无瓜蒂之亲，可谓风马牛不相及。儵、忽二帝各不串门，而不时相聚于浑沌帝所，当然是因为中央之帝所在距离适中，不必远涉，故颇合情理。浑沌“待之甚善”，尽地主之谊，很有人情味。儵、忽因感恩而商议报答，其对话与心理也属常情。而对话中点明浑沌帝的生理特征——头部没有七窍，这一特征推动了故事情节的发展。没有七窍，怎么“视听食息”？怎么视五色，听五音，食五味，吸空气？在好心人看来，那岂不悲哀？于是乃有为浑沌凿眼耳鼻口七窍之举。至此，除浑沌的模样匪夷所思外，故事描写虽然熨帖细腻，仍然较平淡，尚无惊人之笔；而出人意料的高潮，则在结尾。以德报善，南、北二帝付诸行动，每天为中央之帝凿出一窍。按理说，七窍凿成，功德圆满，应该皆大欢喜。如果是如此结局，本篇将是味同嚼蜡的平庸之作。出乎意料的是，浑沌本来按其本性生活，活得好好的，却因为被凿出七窍而致死。主观上的感恩图报，变成了客观上的恩将仇报，这一结局令人目瞪口呆，啼笑皆非。这种反讽效果正体现了《庄子》寓言虚幻、夸诞、浪漫之奇。本篇的寓言也因结局而显豁。唐成玄英疏云：“凿七窍以染尘，乘浑浊之至淳……是以不终天年，中途夭折。”庄子主张无为而治，任情适性，一切矫情逆性之举，即使自以为充满善意，也会因违背自然而遗患无穷。这则离奇而悲惨的故事，表现了典型的道家思想。点金测评创新训练课内巩固基础训练1．下列加点的词，注音全都正确的一项是(　　)A．垩(è)漫　　　斫(zhuó)之　　　郢(yǐnɡ)人B．逡(qūn)巡踵(zhònɡ)怵(shù)然C．恂(shùn)目巨缁(zī)期(qī)年D．腊(là)之黄馘(xù)舐(shì)【答案】　A(B踵：zhǒnɡ，怵：chù，C期：jī，D腊：xī)2．下列句子中不含通假字的一项是(　　)A．已而大鱼食之，牵巨钩，没而下。B．夫揭竿累，趣灌渎，守鲵鲋。C．破癕溃痤者得车一乘，舐痔者得车五乘。D．王说之，益车百乘。【答案】　C(A—陷，B趣—趋，D说—悦)3．下列加点的词解释正确的一项是(　　)A．槁项黄馘者，商之所短也　　　　项：脖子。thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse B．庄周家贫，故往贷粟于监河侯贷：借钱。C．鲋鱼来！子何为者邪？来：过来。D．吾得斗升之水然活耳。然：然而。【答案】　A(B贷：借，C来：语助词，D然：乃)4．下列句子中加点的词，意义相同的一项是(　　)A.B.C.D.【答案】　D(斤：都是指斧头一类的工具)5．下列句子中加点的虚词，意义相同的一项是(　　)A.B.C.D.【答案】　C(A方：①刚刚，②方圆；B何：①为什么：②什么；C乃：竟然；D曾：①还，②同“增”)6．下列句子中的“顾”字，意义相同的两项是(　　)A．庄子送葬，过惠子之墓，顾谓从者曰。B．顾吾念之，强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者，徒以吾两人在也。C．周顾视车辙中，有鲋鱼焉。D．顾野有麦场，场主积薪其中。【答案】　AC(AC：回头；B但，只；D回头看)7．下列句子中加点的词，用法相同的两项是(　　)A．一悟万乘之主而从车百乘者，商之所长也。B．任公子得若鱼，离而腊之C．揖御寇而进之D．君岂有斗升之水而活我哉？【答案】　CD(CD是动词的使动用法，A是形容词的使动用法，B是名词活用作动词。)8．下列对文章内容的表述，不正确的一项是(　　)A．“运斤成风”一段，庄子的本意是赞扬石匠“运斤”技艺的高超，同时也说明郢人胆量大。B．“为浑沌凿窍”说明违背人民性命之理的作为，即使是出自善意，也必将导致悲惨的结局。C．“任公子钓鱼”的寓意是说，只有具备大本领、大思想、大学说、大抱负、大作为的人才能参与治理世事。D．“舐痔得车”讥讽那种用卑鄙下流的手段求得富贵还向别人炫耀的人。【答案】　A(说明谈话辩论要有合适的对象)thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse 课后提高综合训练一、阅读下面的文字，完成9～12题。庄周家贫，故往贷粟于监河侯。监河侯曰：“诺！我将得邑金，将贷子三百金，可乎？”庄周忿然作色曰：“周昨来，有中道而呼者。周顾视车辙中，有鲋鱼焉。周问之曰：‘鲋鱼来！子何为者邪？’对曰：‘我，东海之波臣也。君岂有斗升之水而活我哉？’周曰：‘诺！我且南游吴越之王，激西江之水而迎子，可乎？’鲋鱼忿然作色曰：‘吾失我常与，我无所处。吾得斗升之水然活耳。君乃言此，曾不如早索我于枯鱼之肆！”9．下列加点的词解释有误的一项是(　　)A．将贷子三百金贷：借给B．周顾视车辙中顾：回头C．鲋鱼来！子何为者邪为：为了D．君岂有斗升之水而活我哉活：使……活下来【答案】　C(为：动词，做。)10．下列加点的词的意义与用法和例句相同的一项是(　　)例：积土成山，风雨兴焉A．周顾视车辙中，有鲋鱼焉B．于禽兽又何难焉C．焉有仁人在位罔民而可为也D．瞻之在前，忽焉在后【答案】　A(A项与例句中的“焉”都是兼词，相当于“于之”。B项，疑问语气助词，相当于“呢”。C项，疑问代词，哪里。D项，句中音节助词，无实义。)11．下列句子的句式不同于其他三项的一项是(　　)A．故往贷粟于监河侯B．子何为者邪C．搜于国中三日三夜D．曾不如早索我于枯鱼之肆【答案】　B(B项是宾语前置句，A、C、D三项都是状语后置句。)12．下列对选文分析理解不正确的一项是(　　)A．庄子借鲋鱼的故事，意在向监河侯强调要同情弱者，表达了他悲天悯人的思想。B．这则寓言故事揭露了监河侯的伪善面目，讽刺了说大话、讲空话、不解决实际问题的人惯用的伎俩。thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse C．庄子认为人们做事应顺应自然之道；而违反自然之道，必然会遭到人们厌弃。鲋鱼的故事形象地承载了庄子的这一主张。D．善于借用寓言说理，将枯燥的说教寓于生动活泼的故事之中，让人在沉思中受到启迪是《庄子》语言的一大特色。【答案】　A(“同情弱者”、“悲天悯人”说法错误。)二、课外延伸阅读下面的文言文，完成13～16题。逸民列传序《易》称“遯之时义大矣哉”。又曰：“不事王侯，高尚其事。”是以尧称则天，不屈颍阳①之高；武尽美矣，终全孤竹②之洁。自兹以降，风流弥繁，长往之轨未殊，而感致之数匪一。或隐居以求其志，或回避以全其道，或静己以镇其躁，或去危以图其安，或垢俗以动其概，或疵物以激其清。然观其甘心畎亩之中，憔悴江海之上，岂必亲鱼鸟、乐林草哉！亦云性分所至而已。故蒙耻之宾，屡黜不去其国；蹈海之节，千乘莫移其情。适使矫易去就，则不能相为矣。彼虽踁踁③有类沽名者，然而蝉蜕嚣埃④之中，自致寰区⑤之外，异夫饰智巧以逐浮利者乎！荀卿有言曰，“志意修则骄富贵，道义重则轻王公”也。汉室中微，王莽篡位，士之蕴藉义愤甚矣。是时裂冠毁冕，相携持而去之者，盖不可胜数。杨雄曰：“鸿飞冥冥，弋者何篡焉。”言其违患之远也。光武侧席幽人，求之若不及，旌帛蒲车之所征贲，相望于岩中矣。若薛方、逢萌聘而不肯至；严光、周党、王霸至而不能屈。群方咸遂，志士怀仁，斯固所谓“举逸民天下归心”者乎！肃宗亦礼郑均而征高凤，以成其节。自后帝德稍衰，邪嬖当朝，处子耿介，羞与卿相等列，至乃抗愤而不顾，多失其中行焉。盖录其绝尘不反，同夫作者，列之此篇。(《后汉书·逸民列传第七十三》)[注]　①颍阳：指巢父、许由。②孤竹：孤竹国国君的两个儿子，伯夷、叔齐。③踁踁：固执。④蝉蜕嚣埃：喧闹的地方。⑤寰区：百姓生活的地方。13．下列加点词语的意义和用法不相同的一项是(　　)A.B.C.D.【答案】　A(A项，助词，的/助词，用在主谓之间取消独立性。B项，连词，表目的。C项，转折连词，但是。D项，连词，那么，就)14．下列各句分别编为四组，全部都能表现逸民“高尚其事”的一组是(　　)①终全孤竹之洁　②或疵物以激其清　③亦云性分所至而已　④相携持而去之者　⑤至而不能屈　⑥处子耿介，羞与卿相等列A．①②③　　　　　　　　B．②③④C．①⑤⑥D．④⑤⑥thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse 【答案】　D(“高尚其事”的意思是“把自己的隐逸看得很高尚”。①说的是周武王的做法。③说明不同的人天性不同，做法不一样)15．下列对文章的理解和分析，不正确的一项是(　　)A．文章赞美了超然世外的隐士，表明了自己对“天下归心”理想境地的追求。B．文章分析了隐士的两种情况，一是实际归隐，一是以隐遁等待征聘。C．作者细致分析了隐士隐退的各种原因，并热切希望统治者能够重用隐士。D．作者认为隐士自古就有，他们都是世间的英才，在后来的朝代便有很多。【答案】　B(作者没有分析这两种情况)16．把下列文言文句子翻译成现代汉语。(1)是以尧称则天，不屈颍阳之高。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)然观其甘心畎亩之中，憔悴江海之上，岂必亲鱼鸟、乐林草哉！________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)群方咸遂，志士怀仁，斯固所谓“举逸民天下归心”者乎！________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】　(1)所以，尧自称效法上天，也不能使颍阳隐士的高雅操守屈从。(2)但是，看看隐士甘心在田野中(劳作)，在江海上受苦，难道他们一定亲近飞禽游鱼、喜欢林木花草吗？(3)各方面都称心，退隐的志士归顺仁义之主，这就是所说的“提拔逸民，天下人就会心悦诚服”的道理吧。【参考译文】《易经》说：“退隐避世的现实意义太大了啊！”又说：“不为王侯做事，把自己隐遁的事情看得很高尚。”所以，尧自称效法上天，也不能使颍阳隐士的高雅操守屈从；周武王可说是一个完美的人物了，最终只能成全孤竹君的儿子伯夷、叔齐不食周朝粮食的清白名声。从那以后，退隐世外的风气越来越盛，他们一样是去退隐，但感受和情致并不相同。有的隐居是为追求一种思想境界，有的避世是为了保全自己的道义，有的避世是为了使自己清净来压制烦躁的心绪，有的是为了避开危险而寻求安全，有的愤怒于世俗的肮脏而以此建立高尚节操，有的蔑视富贵而以此鼓励自己的清廉品德。但是，看看隐士甘心在田野中(劳作)，在江海上受苦，难道他们一定亲近飞禽游鱼、喜欢林木花草吗？也就是由于人们的性情和天分不同而造成的罢了。因此，柳下惠虽然蒙受耻辱，屡次被罢官但也不愿意离开自己的国家；鲁仲连有抗御强暴，宁可投海也不尊秦为帝的气节，即使千乘之国国thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse 君的地位也不能让他动心、改变秉性。如果让他们各自的去留行为对换一下，那他们也就找不到对方的情况。他们虽然固执得几乎像沽名钓誉的人，但他们摆脱喧闹的尘世，让自己超脱人群之外，难道不是与那些挖空心思追逐虚浮利禄的人有很大区别吗？荀子说：“树立远大的志向就会蔑视富贵，修养成高尚的道德情操就会蔑视王公。”汉朝半途衰微，王莽篡权，有志之士满腔的义愤是很强烈的。那时候弃官不做、相互邀请退隐的人不可胜数。杨雄说：“鸿飞得高高的，想捉取的人怎能得到它们啊！”是说他们躲避祸患很远。光武帝侧身而坐来等待隐士，访求他们十分迫切，用旌旗、布匹、蒲车征聘的隐士，在山路上络绎不绝。如薛方、逢萌虽然被征聘了但是不肯出来做官，严光、周党、王霸虽然出山了但不愿意屈从权势。各方面都称心，退隐的志士归顺仁义之王，这就是所说的“提拔逸民，天下人就会心悦诚服”的道理吧！汉章帝对郑均也能以礼相待，并且征召高凤，来让他们成就自己的节操。章帝以后的皇帝德政渐渐衰微，奸邪当政，耿直的志士，不愿和这些达官贵人为伍，竟至于极力表达他们激愤不回头的意愿，因而大多违背了他们的中和之志。现记录那些与尘世断绝不再回归的逸民，和那些观察时机而采取不同方式的超脱的隐士，把他们列在本篇之中。三、语言运用17．以“不可调和的冲突”为新的陈述对象，重组下面的句子。(可以增删个别词语，但不能改变原意)我们反对排斥异质文明的狭隘民族主义，更反对以优劣论文明，将不同文明之间的关系形容为不可调和的冲突，甚至认为这种冲突将导致灾难性的政治角力和战争。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】　不可调和的冲突是一些人形容不同文明之间关系的词语，这些人甚至认为它(这种不可调和的冲突)将导致灾难性的政治角力和战争，这种观念是我们反对的，我们同时也反对排斥异质文明的狭隘民族主义，反对以优劣论文明等观点。18．阅读这幅名为“礼尚往来”的漫画，回答下列问题。(1)请根据图画内容，写一段说明文字。(字数不少于100字)答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)请就这幅漫画写一段议论性的文字。(字数不少于100字)答：________________________________________________________________________thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse ________________________________________________________________________【答案】　(1)图片中的两个公务员，都坐在写有“公款”字样的保险箱上，想必箱子里有着“取之不尽、用之不竭”的钱款。他们怀里都抱着一大叠公款，用一双筷子分别朝对方的嘴里喂大叠的钱款。这就是现在所谓的“公务接待”，实际上是以此为借口侵吞公款的一种腐败现象。(2)当前在不少地方政府部门，公务接待已经明显超出了“合理”界限，违规和腐败现象屡见不鲜，他们追求奢华、不合规定的公务接待，增加了各级政府的行政成本，挤占了政府公共资金。这种变相的贪污行为已成为一种风气，不仅造成了财政资金浪费，也在老百姓中留下了不良影响。thedrawings,firsttobecomefamiliarwiththedrawings,mainlyaboutthefollowingaspects:1)pagesofdrawingsanddiagrams,maps;2)acomprehensiveunderstandingofdrawing;3)findingofdesign-drivendimensions(),donotresizeandadjustthesize;4)questionedthedrawings;5)developburiesaconstructionprogrammeandtechnicalclarification;6)clearcornersandspecialtreatment;7)controlledconstructiondrawingstoverifyconstructionschemeanddesign.(2)attheconstructionsitetofindsubjectplantedarea:variousengineering,firstonthescenetofindplantedarea,itmustfirstunderstandthecurtainwallinstallationsection,andsomeprojectsareallcurtainwall,theentireprojectisaregion-wide,onlypartialwalls,thezoneislocal.(3)identifytheaxispositioning:positioningthedrawingsshowninaxiscomparedwiththeactualconstructionsitetofindoutexactlywheretheaxispositioning,axispositioningfunctionare:1)tohelpdeterminetheoriginofcurtainwalls;2)acceptanceoftheinstallationisaccurate;3)adjusterrors,anddeterminetheerrorrange.(4)findanchorpoints:accordingtositetofindtheexactlocationoftheaxis,accordingtothedrawingsprovidedbythecontentdeterminethepositioningpoint;numberofanchorpointsshallnotbelessthantwopoints.Repeatedmeasurementsdeterminethelocationpointsmustensurethatthepositioningiscorrect.(5)takelevel(level):level(minorworksavailableinhorizontalpipe),thetwoanchorpointsdeterminethehorizontalposition.Levelaccordingtouse