句子类型
【要点提示】
英语句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1. 简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成，其五种基本句型分别为：“主语 + 不及物动词”、“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”、“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”、“主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”、“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。
2. 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句（即分句）组成。常用的连词或副词有and, but, or, then, so等。
3. 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。初中阶段要求掌握宾语从句和状语从句的简单用法。
【考点分述】
句子类型的考点主要集中在复合句上面，下面就初中阶段需要掌握的复合句的用法作一归纳。
1. 宾语从句
1）由that引导的宾语从句。有大量的动词可以接
that引导的宾语从句，如advise, agree, believe, decide, find, hear, hope, insist, know, learn, mean, realize, say, see, show, suggest, tell, think, wish等。
2）由连接代（副）词引导的宾语从句。这类连接代（副）词主要有what, who, which, where, why, how, whether, if等。
3）直接引语变间接引语时常用到宾语从句。
2. 状语从句
1）时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as, since, after, before, as soon as, till / until等引导。其中需要我们注意的是：当主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
I won’t go out until my mother returns.
2) 地点状语从句。地点状语从句通常由where，
wherever等引导。
3) 原因状语从句。原因状语从句通常由because,
since, as等引导。其中需要我们注意的是：because 和 so 不能同时出现一个句子中。例如：
Because she failed again, so she was unhappy. （×）
She failed again, so she was unhappy. （√）
4) 条件状语从句。条件状语从句通常由if, unless等引导。其中需要我们注意的是：当主句是一般将来时，条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如：If you will work hard, you’ll succeed. （×）
If you work hard, you’ll succeed. （√）
5) 目的状语从句。目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that等引导。
6) 结果状语从句。结果状语从句通常由so, so ...
that, such ... that等引导。其中需要我们注意的是：在such ... that引导的结果状语从句中，such 后接名词, 在so ... that引导的结果状语从句中，so后接形容词或副词。当名词前有many, few, much, little等词时，通常用so，而不用such。例如：
Eric was so good at Maths that he got the first place in the Maths contest.
He gave me such good advice that I finished the task easily.
Mike had so little money that he was unable to buy a mobile phone.
7) 让步状语从句。让步状语从句通常由even though, even if, although, though等来引导。其中需要我们注意的是：在含有although或though引导的让步状语从句的复合句中，主句不能同时出现but。例如：
Although / Though he is famous, but he is not happy. （×）
Although / Though he is famous, he is not happy. （√）
8) 方式状语从句。方式状语从句通常由as引导。
9) 比较状语从句。比较状语从句通常由as / so ...
as，than等引导。
【专项练习】
Ⅰ. 请根据汉语句子意思，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 她很早就到了。
___________________________________________
2. 这种纸摸起来很柔软。
___________________________________________
3. 你能把那本字典递给我吗？
___________________________________________
4. 我停下来找那支钢笔，但没找到。
___________________________________________
5. 上个月我们选了他当班长。
___________________________________________
6. 我听见那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。
___________________________________________
7. 他的女儿嫁给了一个工程师。
___________________________________________
8. 湖里有许多鱼。
___________________________________________
9. 这就是你想要的那本杂志。
___________________________________________
10. 我认为他在八点前不会回来的。
___________________________________________
Ⅱ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
( )1. We won’t get there on time __________ we leave early tomorrow morning.
A. if B. unless C. when D. because
( )2. ________they had finished their work, they went home.
A. When B. While C. After D. Until
( )3. The students can’t answer the question, ________ it is too hard.
A. before B. although C. after D. because
( )4. He didn’t go home __________the rain stopped.
A. when B. after C. since D. until
( )5. —Have you found your gloves?
—Yes, they were lying _________ I often put my watch.
A. what B. which
C. how D. where
( )6. He wants to find a better job__________ he can
make more money.
A. as soon as B. so that C. where D. while
( )7. You must take the medicine___________ you get well.
A. while B. since C. till D. so
( )8. The old man helped lots of children with their schooling, __________he was not rich enough.
A. if B. unless C. since D. though
( )9. —Why don’t you join the basketball club?
— ___________I am not interested in it.
A. Because B. For C. As D. Since
( )10. —_________ he is rich, __________there is something that he can’t buy.
—Yes. Such as friendship and love.
A. Because, 不填 B. Though, 不填
C. Because, so D. Though, but
( )11.___________he is old, he is healthy enough.
A. If B. But C. As soon as D. Although
( )12. ____________I thought the book was boring, the other students in my class liked it.
A. So B. Because C. Although D. If
( )13. You will make great progress_________ you study very hard.
A. if B. unless C. before D. until
( )14. —How long have you been collecting stamps?
— ____________I was ten years old.
A. When B. Since C. Before D. After
( )15.__________ I didn’t feel well yesterday, I asked for leave.
A. Although B. But C. Unless D. Because
( )16. —Where is my radio?
—You lent it to me _________ you were in the classroom yesterday.
A. when B. where C. because D. before
( )17. You should ask for your mother’s
suggestions __________ you make your own decision.
A. after B. before
C. until D. as
( )18. He met many difficulties _________he was
looking for his first job.
A. before B. as soon as
C. while D. until
( )19. You can cross the street____________ the traffic lights turn green.
A. though B. but C. before D. after
( )20. We’ll go climbing if it___________ this weekend.
A. won’t rain B. isn’t raining
C. wasn’t raining D. doesn’t rain
( )21. Don’t worry. I will help you ___________ I finish my work.
A. while B. as soon as C. unless D. though
( )22. __________I was having dinner, Scott called me.
A. Since B. While C. Because D. If
( )23. She can run as fast_________ her mother, she is only ten years old.
A. as, though B. as, unless C. than, when D. than, as
( )24. __________you have come, you shouldn’t go away soon.
A. Although B. Because C. Since D. So that
( )25. Do you mind __________I go to visit your farm this weekend?
A. if B. because C. as D. until
( )26. The boy had been sent to hospital _________the policemen came.
A. as B. while C. when D. if
( )27. Mary finds it easier to speak_________ to write．
A. as B. than C. so D. if
( )28. He was watching TV___________ the alien (外星人) came
in.
A. while B. as C. since D. when
( )29. _________ he refused my invitation, I was not angry with him.
A. Because B. But C. Though D. As
( )30. He ate _________food _________ he couldn’t go to sleep quickly.
A. so much, that B. so many, so C. so much, as D. so many, that
Ⅲ. 同义句转换，每空一词（含缩写）。
1. He went to sleep after eleven o’clock.
He ______________go to sleep________________ eleven o’clock.
2. Put on your coat, and you’ll feel very warm.
______________ you put on your coat, ___________feel very warm.
3. He is too tired to go any farther.
He is____________ tired _____________ he can’t go any farther.
4. I will open the box if you don’t let me know what’s in it.
I will open the box ________________ you _____________ _____________ ____________ what’s in it.
5. Tom is so clever that we all like him.
Tom is _____________ ____________ _____________ boy that we all like him.
Ⅳ. 下列各句带下划线部分中有一处错误，请找出并改正。
1. He won’t go home until the rain will stop. ____________
2. Since her parents had died, so she had to work to support herself. ____________
3. He was running on the playground such fast as he could. ____________
4. He is very careful that he never makes mistakes. ____________
5. Helen had gone out while her mother got home. ____________
6. The building of our school is higher as that of their school. ____________
7. I gave him such much help that he was moved to tears. ____________
8. Though she was ill, she couldn’t come to school. ____________
9. He didn’t come back since it was ten o’clock. ____________
10. Can you tell me that there’s a bookstore near here? ____________
Ⅴ. 请根据句意，用适当的连接词填空，使句意完整、通顺。
1. ________________he opened the window，a bird flew in.
2. I haven’t heard from him ________________ he went abroad.
3. He ran ________________fast ________________ no one could catch him.
4. Jenny will not go swimming with us ________________she is too busy.
5. I felt very sad________________ the book was lost.
6. Don’t move — just stay ________________ you are!
7. I’ll continue writing to her, ________________she never answers.
8. He explained clearly ________________ we could understand.
9. Don’t leave the classroom________________ you finish the test.
10. She sings ________________ she walks.
11. He won’t come to the party ________________ he is invited.
12. ________________ she is only seven years old，she knows quite a lot.
13. ________________he is not old, his hair is turning grey.
14. The teacher didn’t begin his class________________ all the students were seated.
15. ________________ James caught a bad cold yesterday, he had to stay at home.
16. ________________ you go to bed earlier, you won’t feel tired in the morning.
17. I was watching TV, ________________ my sister was listening to music.
18. The classroom is not so clean________________ it was yesterday.
19. More and more foreigners are learning Chinese________________ they can communicate well with the Chinese.
20. ________________ I get to Guangzhou, I will write to you.
Ⅵ. 请选择适当的词语填空（每项限用一次）。
1. when, while, as, as soon as, until, since
(1) It’s many years________________the World War Ⅱ.
(2) I’ll tell you the good news ________________ I get there.
(3) He didn’t go to bed ________________11 o’clock last night.
(4) We were swimming in the river ________________ it started to rain.
(5) Sports build our body________________ reading builds our mind.
(6) He jumps________________ he goes along.
2. so ... that, such ... that, so that
(1) The animals were ________________ lovely ________________I spent the whole day in the zoo.
(2) I’d like to arrive there 20 minutes earlier _______________I can have time for a cup of tea.
(3) It’s ________________a big fish ________________it needs
many people to catch it.
3. because, since
(1) ________________ you have grown up, you should not depend on your parents.
(2) He couldn’t come to your party ________________ he was ill.
4. although, though, but
(1) ________________ it was so cold, he went out without a coat.
(2) The article is excellent, ________________ it is very short.
(3) Some people think winter is a bad season, ________________ it’s a good season for me because I love snow.
5. if, unless, as, than
(1) ________________ you come early, you will meet him.
(2) He will come to your party ________________he has something else to do.
(3) Li Jun is taller________________ Li Ming.
(4) Air is to man ________________water is to fish.
参考答案
句子类型专项练习
Ⅰ. 1. She arrived quite early. 2. The kind of paper feels very soft.
3. Could you please pass me the dictionary? / Could you please
pass the dictionary to me?
4. I stopped to look for the pen, but I found nothing.
5. We chose him as our monitor last month.
6. I heard the girl singing in the next room.
7. His daughter married an engineer.
8. There are many fish in the lake.
9. This is the magazine (that / which) you want.
10. I don’t suppose that he will come back before eight o’clock.
Ⅱ. 1-5 BCDDD 6-10 BCDAB 11-15 DCABD
16-20 ABCDD 21-25 BBACA 26-30 CBDCA
Ⅲ. 1. didn’t, until 2. If, you’ll 3. so, that 4. unless, let me know
5. such a clever
Ⅳ. 1. will stop→stops 2. 去掉so 3. such→as 4. very→so
5. while→when / before 6. as→than 7. such→so
8. Though→Because 9. since→until / till 10. that→if / whether
Ⅴ. 1. When / After 2. since 3. so, that 4. if / because
5. because / after 6. where
7. though / although / even though / even if
8. so that / in order that 9. before / until / unless 10. as
11. unless 12. Although / Though 13. Although / Though
14. until 15. Because 16. If 17. while 18. as
19. so that / in order that 20. As soon as / After / When
Ⅵ. 1. (1)since (2)as soon as (3)until (4)when (5)while (6)as
2. (1)so, that (2)so that (3)such, that
3. (1)Since (2)because
4. (1)Although / Though (2)although / though (3)but
5. (1)If (2)unless (3)than (4)as
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