Unit 3 Back to the past
单元视窗
Wordlist
2
civilization [ˌsivilaiˈzeiʃən] n.文明
lecture [ˈlektʃə] n.讲座
found [faund] vt.兴建,创办,创建
BC 公元前 (before Christ缩写)
* Roman n.罗马人 adj.罗马的;罗马人的
take over夺取;接管
volcano [vɔlˈkeinəu] n.火山
AD 公元 (Anno Domini 缩写)
erupt [iˈrʌpt] νi. (火山等)爆发
* lava [ˈlɑ:və] n.熔岩;火山岩
ash [æʃ] n.火山灰;灰,灰烬
pour [pɔ:r] vi.倾泻,流出 vt. 倒出
unfortunate [ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənit] ad.遗憾的, 不幸的
mud [mʌd] n.泥,泥浆,烂泥
decorate [ˈdekəreit] vt.装饰,装璜
flee [fli:] vi. & vt. 逃避,逃跑,迅速离开
researcher [riˈsə:tʃə] n.研究者,调查者,探索者
true-to-life 逼真的
disaster [diˈzɑ:stə] n.灾难
destroy [diˈstrɔi] vt.毁坏,摧毁
commercial [kəˈmə:ʃəl] adj.商业的,贸易的
wealthy[ˈwelθi]adj.富有的;富裕的
gradually [ˈgrædjuəli] adv.渐渐地,逐渐地
sandstorm n.沙尘暴,风沙
scholar [ˈskɔlə] n.学者;奖学金获得者
cultural [ˈkʌltʃərəl] adj.文化的
institute [ˈinstitju:t]n.(教育、专业等的) 机构;研究所
ruin [ˈru(:)in] n. (常作ruins)废墟,遗迹 vt. 破坏,毁坏
remains [riˈmeinz] n.遗迹,遗址:残留物
beneath [biˈni:θ] prep.在…之下
pot [pɔt] n.罐,壶
material [məˈtiəriəl] n. 材料,物质 adj. 物质的
document [ˈdɔkjumənt] n.文献;文件
workshop [ˈwə:kʃɔp] n.作坊；车间
explode [ikˈspləud] v.爆炸；爆发
nearby [ˈniəbai] a.附近的
ad.在附近
extreme [ikˈstri:m] a.极度的;极端
complain [kəmˈplein] vi.抱怨
bone [bəun] n.骨骼,骨头
wooden [ˈwudn] adj.木制的
leather [ˈleðə] n.皮革
historical [hisˈtɔrikəl] a.历史(上)的,与历史研究相关学的
solution [səˈlu:ʃən] n.解决办法,解答
expression [ikˈspreʃən] n.表达；表情,神色
audience [ˈɔ:diəns] n.听众,观众,读者
cave [keiv] n.山洞,洞穴
ceremony [ˈseriməni]n.典礼,仪式
republic [riˈpʌblik] n.共和国；共和政体
chairman [ˈtʃɛəmən] n.主席,董事长
pearl [pə:l] n.珍珠
harbor [ˈhɑ:bə] n.海港,港口
navy [ˈneivi] n.海军,海军部队
powerful [ˈpauəfəl] a.强有力的,有权的
airfield n. （军用）机场
bomb [bɔm] vt.轰炸 n.炸弹
sailor [ˈseilə] n.水手,海员
fortunate [ˈfɔ:tʃənət] a.幸运的,侥幸的
aircraft [ˈɛəkrɑ:ft] n.飞机,航空器
carrier [ˈkæriə] n.航空母舰,运输设备,运输公司
declare [diˈklɛə] νt.宣布,宣称
in memory of纪念
memorial [miˈmɔ:riəl] n.纪念碑,纪念馆 adj.纪念的
educate [ˈedju(:)keit] vt.教育,培养,训练
statue [ˈstætʃu:] n.塑像,雕像
no doubt 无疑,确实
rise up against 起义,反抗
troop[tru:p]n.[pl.]军队;部队,士兵
stand in one’s path 阻碍（某人）
march [mɑ:tʃ] vi. & n. 前进,进发,游行
glory [ˈglɔ:ri] n.辉煌,光荣,荣誉
ahead [əˈhed] ad.（时间、空间）在前面;提前,预先,领先
come down with 患（病）
vast [vɑ:st] a.辽阔的,巨大的,大量的
philosophy [fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学；哲理,人生哲学
salary [ˈsæləri] n.薪金,薪水
aware [əˈweə] a.意识到,知道的
basis [ˈbeisis] n.基础,基准,原因
court kɔ:t]n.法庭,法院,球场,宫廷
god [gɔd] n.上帝；神,神灵
corrupt [kəˈrʌpt] vt.使腐化,使堕落a.贪污的,腐败的
trail [trail] n. 审讯,审理,试验,考验
judge [dʒʌdʒ] n.法官；裁判员,审判员
poison [ˈpɔizən] n.毒物,毒药 vt.毒害,下毒
把你没有记牢的挑出来，好好滴记住哦！
2
2
Lost civilizations
Focus
Day 1, 15 July
I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii. Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.
Day 2—16th July
This morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city. Near the city was a volcano. On 24th August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days. Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!
Day 3—17th July
Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.
When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash. Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster. You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!
Day 10—24th July
Finally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of traveling. This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. I am so excited to be here!
Day 11—25th July
A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When we went to the city, we saw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the ruins most interesting. There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity!
put
preserve
First period
Listen and learn:
Listen to the wordlist and try to learn the words and phrases by heart.
◆Step 1:
◆Step 2: Personal show
●Task 1: Give the following words’ Chinese meaning
solution n. take over
pour vi. vt. powerful a.
decorate vt. fortunate a.
commercial adj. scholar n.
rise up against stand in one’s path
document n. explode v.
aware a. corrupt [kəˈrʌpt] vt. a.
●Task 2: Translate the following words
vt.兴建,创办,创建 ad.遗憾的, 不幸的
逼真的 νt.宣布,宣称
n.塑像,雕像 患（病）
n.基础,基准,原因 vi.抱怨
n.法官；裁判员,审判员 n.毒物,毒药 vt.毒害,下毒
Step 3: Text reading Listen to the text and then finish the following sentences
●Task 1: Fill in the blanks according to the text
1. Many people were buried alive, and _______ (城市也被掩埋了) . ________ (真是不幸) .
2. Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii ____________ (正如它2000年前的样子) .
3. Thus, in 1860, the area ___________(纳入政府的保护下) so it could be preserved and studied.
4. It is believed __________ (已被风沙渐渐覆盖) by sand storms from AD 200 to AD 400.
5. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that ________________ (导致这个城市被埋) by sand—what a pity!
●Task 2: Task-based reading阅读课文, 完成下表。注意：一空一词
Sites
Time
Events
6. ________
Pompeii
in the 8th century
It was 1. ______.
7. ______ Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China became lost civilizations about 2000 years ago.
Pompeii was founded in the 8th century BC and was taken over by the Romans in 89 BC. On 24th Aug. AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted and the city was buried 8.______.
Loulan was a 9. ____ point on the Silk Road. It 10.____ under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, materials, such as silk, documents and wall paintings
in 89 BC
It was taken over by the Romans.
on 24th Aug. AD 79
Mount Vesuvius 2. ____.
in 1860
The area was put under government 3. ______
Loulan
2000 years ago
It 4. ____ as a commercial city.
from AD 200
to AD 400
It was covered over
gradually by sand storms.
100 years ago
It was 5.____ by Sven Hedin.
Homework:
1. Read the text
2. Try to recite the sentences in step 3-Task 1
Second period
Step 1: Personal show
Read the text as quickly as you can.
Step 2: Language focus
◆ 1. put 短语
知识探究：He had already put everything in place. 他把一切都准备好了。
Have you got all the lights in place yet? 你把所有的灯都放好了吗?
She was ill, so I went to the conference in her place. 她病了,所以我代替她出席了这次会议。
用put相关短语的适当形式填空
(1) He ____ his work _______ and made some coffee.
(2) He never ________ dishes and meals.
(3) The plan she ________ at the meeting was agreed to by most people present.
(4) She tried to _______ her thoughts ________ but it was too noisy.
(5) I can't _________ these insults any more.
(6) The Arab ________ a tent and made a fire.
He had already put everything in place. 他把一切都准备好了。
Have you got all the lights in place yet? 你把所有的灯都放好了吗?
She was ill, so I went to the conference in her place. 她病了,所以我代替她出席了这次会议。
题练落实：
1. It's necessary for us to __________ everything ______ before the program is started.
A. get; in place B. put; in place C. get; in the place D. put; in the place
2. Every now and then a new plane ________ at the airport.
A. takes down B. puts off C. takes off D. puts down
3. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ________?
A. given out B. put out C. held up D. used up
联想拓宽：
put through 完成，使成功；折磨；接通电话 put away收拾;处理
put down写下来;记下来;放下 put aside放在一旁;储蓄
put back放回;拨回(钟表的针) put forward向前移,提出;拨快(钟表)
put off延期 put out扑灭
put up with忍受 put on穿上;增加体重;上演
put up举起;建造 put pressure on给……施加压力
put… in place准备就绪,布置妥当
put sb. in their place让某人明白自己的地位 in place在适当的位置
out of place不在适当的位置 in place of代替
in sb.'s place代替某人 in the first place首先
◆ 2. come up with 提出，想出，提供
come down with 1. be taken ill with病倒2. provide money；pay out捐钱；付出
* Jack has come down with a bad cold. 杰克患了重感冒。
* Many children in the kindergarten came down with the flu. 幼儿园的许多孩子都患了流行性感冒。
* He'll come down with a large sum. 他将捐一笔巨款。
* How much did she come down with？她出了多少钱？
题练落实： 1. --- Have you ______ some new ideas?
--- Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with
2. She had no idea how it _____ that her husband met with trouble again.
A. came about B. came out C. came across D. came up
3. Why don’t you to England for a holiday?
A. come through B. come over C. come on D. come along
4. In the new program 3+X if your dream to be a doctor , you must take chemistry as elective course.
A. realizes B. comes true C. comes off D. comes out
5. The teacher asked a difficult question, but Ted, finally, managed to ______ a good answer.
A. put up with B. keep up with C. come up with D. go through with
6. Please tell me how the accident _______. I am still in the dark.
A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about
7. How did it _______ that he was hurt so seriously?
A. come up B. come along C. come about D. come out
8. The book which _____ at the end of last year turned out to be a great success in Shanghai.
A. came about B. came up C. came out D. came around
联想拓宽：
come about 发生 come along 过来 come along with 随同
come across 偶尔遇见，偶尔发现 come at 袭击；拜见 come by 从旁走过
come around 到来 come around / round to 赞成；同意 come back 回来
come to the point 抓住要点 come into contact with 与…接触 come on发生，赶快
come out 发行，吐艳, 开花 come to oneself 苏醒，恢复 come to 提及，谈到
come to an end 结束 come to light 真相大白；显露 come true梦想成真
come up to达到；符合；不辜负 come up with 提出;赶上 come down with 因…而病倒
come a long way 取得进展；明显提高 come all the way 远道而来；大老远跑来
come in handy 迟早有用 come into being 诞生，形成
come out of 从（某场所）出来；出自 come to one’s mind 想起
come up走近;上来;长出，发芽;发生;被提出;升起(相当于不及物动词)
come across偶然遇上，碰上;被理解;被传达 come about发生
come to达到;恢复知觉 come through传来;康复;还活着
Third period
Reading strategies: When you are reading diary entries recording someone’s travels, you should look for dates and place names in the text. For example, from “24th July: Finally, we arrived in Loulan…”. You will also find facts and historical information, such as the fact that Loulan ‘was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road’. The writer will include personal feelings and opinions in the diary as well. When Ann writes about the disaster in Pompeii, she writes: “Many people were buried alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!” We know she felt sorry about the disaster, because she used the word “unfortunate”
2011年安徽卷D篇
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people
still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
68. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?
A. How the Irish fought against the English. B. How Ireland gained independence.
C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. D. How two “Irelands” came into being.
69. We learn from the text that in Ireland _______.
A. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside
C. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker
D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments
70. The last paragraph is mainly about _______.
A. the Irish character B. Irish culture
C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer
71. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Life in Ireland B. A Very Difficult history
C. Ireland, Past and Present D. The Independence of Ireland
2010江西C篇
Kong Zi, also called Confucius (551-479 B.C), and Socrates (469-399 B.C) lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. ” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.
For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
64. Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?
A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common,
B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.
C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.
D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.
65. Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that ________.
A. all men were equal when they were born
B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class
C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
66. What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
A. Family. B. Potential. C. Knowledge. D. Community.
67. This passage is organized in the pattern of ________.
A. time and events B. comparison and contrast
C. cause and effect D. definition and classification
Forth period
Project: Events and changes have taken place all through time and continue to take place today. Sometimes the best way to understand these events and changes is to look, the people who played key roles in history.
Ancient Greek statue found in Xinjiang
Researchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently. The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great's influence.
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle. At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died. However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take them back. Though his army had only 3,000 troops, won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him.
In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every army that stood in his path. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world. However, his own army grew tired of endless battles and refused to go any further, so he had to turn back. By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died. Since he had no son, his generals divided his vast kingdom among themselves.
Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influencing the world for centuries to come. The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade. Like many other ancient objects that show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi.
The father of Western philosophy
The word 'philosophy' means 'love of wisdom'. Philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as 'Why are we here?’ and 'What is truth?'
The father of Western philosophy was Socrates (469-399 BC). Socrates was from Athens, in Greece. When he was young, he was a brave soldier. Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for free and earned his salary from being a common worker. Aside from this, we know very little about him. Since he never wrote a book, we also know very little about his philosophy. Yet, Socrates has had a deep influence on Western thought and science.
To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught. Socrates taught by asking questions. Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments. In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors. Many students got embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions. Socrates' way of approaching the truth is now called the Socratic Method. The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.
Unfortunately for him, Socrates questioned too much. He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens. Finally, some people had enough of him, so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens. At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions. This just made a bad situation worse. Finally he was put to death by being forced to drink poison. Through
his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.
Step 1: Read and learn
◆ Listen to the text and grasp the general spirit of the text
Language focus:
◆ 1. influence vt. 影响 n. 影响，作用
知识探究：
The dry weather in summer influences the rice crops. 夏天的干旱天气影响稻谷的收成。
My teacher's influence made me study science at college.由于老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。
Under the influence of my English teacher, I become in terested in English now.
受我英语老师的影响，我现在对英语感兴趣。
归纳整理：
题练落实：1. Over-heating development might have bad _______ on the national economy.
A. cause B. influence C. result D. factor
2. My parents considered my friend to be a bad _______ on me.
A. effort B. influence C. affect D. result
3. Honestly speaking, it is my teacher's ____ that made me finally take up my present career as a biology researcher.
A. advantage B. influence C. taste D. guard
4. It’s obvious that her painting _______ by Picasso.
A. has affected B. has been influenced C. has influenced D. has been effected
联想拓宽：辫析: influence， affect
influence既可用作名词, 又可用作动词，意指一个人以其品格或地位获得影响他人的力量.或指行为和思想受到某种间接因素影响而发生的变化，这种力量是无形的。
affect用作动词。主要强调能引起情感上的反应、强烈、影响或力量，但指有形的，有时暗示不良影响。其名词形式为effect "影响，后果"。
It's clear that her painting has been influenced by Picas so.她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
The sight affected her to tears. 那情景感动得她流下了眼泪。
◆ 2. doubt vt.& n.怀疑，疑惑
知识探究：
I don’t doubt that he is honest/his honesty. 我不怀疑他是诚实的。
Do you doubt that he will give us a hand? 你怀疑他能否给我们帮助?
There is no doubt that he will win the prize. 毫无疑问他会获奖。
There is some doubt whether he will come on time. 他是否能准时来还有疑问。
归纳整理：
题练落实：1. We don’t doubt ________ he can do a good job of it.
A. that B. if C. what D. whether
2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
3. I don’t doubt __ he took the first place in his class, but I do doubt __ he will succeed in the end.
A. if; that B. but that; which C. whether; whether D. that; whether
联想拓宽：
doubt作动词用后接宾语从句时，肯定句中用whether或if引导从句，在否定句和疑问句中用 that引导从句。
写作能力培养：
◆每个同学对紧张的学习生活都有不同的减压方式。假设你对本校100名同学的减压方式进行了调查（调查结果如下图所示），请你根据下图内容向你班同学进行介绍，并结合自己的实际提出你的看法和建议。可根据需要适当地进行发挥。
注意：1. 文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数；2. 词数150词左右；
3. 参考词汇：调查survey；图表chart；减压relieve pressure/stress;放松get relaxed
Hi, everyone! I have recently made a survey among 100 students in our school about how they relieve pressure in their daily school life. ____________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
Fifth period
词汇应用：根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填写正确单词，注意形式变化。
1. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost c_______(文明) about 2,000 years ago.
2. This morning we went to a l_____ about Pompeii.
3. Near the city was a volcano called Vesuvius. On 24th August AD 79, the volcano e_____ and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.
4. It continued to erupt for the next three days. U_____, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city.
5.So in 1860, the Italian archaeologist Giuseppe Fiorelli was made d______ ( 负责人)of the Pompeii dig.
6. Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum that h______ many of the treasures from Pompeii.
7. It’s hard to imagine how this quiet volcano d_______ the whole city!
8. This small, wealthy _____ （商业的）city existed almost 2,000 years ago.
9. An archaeologist from the local _____ (文化的) institute, Professor Zhang told us this.
10. Sven found the r_______ of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, such as coins, painted pots, silk m________, d_______ and wall paintings.
11. The desert was once a green land with e___________ trees, but even that didn’t prevent the city from being ______ by sand--- what a pity!
12. A saying goes t________ Rome wasn’t built in a day.
13. During these years I have had the chance to explore many different places in China and t________ the world.
14. The next day, US President Franklin Roosevelt d_________ war against Japan.
15. A national m______ was built in Pear Harbor just above the remains of the sunk battleship Arizona.
单项选择1. Don’t let me catch you ______.
A. do that again B. to do that again C. doing that again D. done that again
2. The law requires all cars _______ for safety and efficiency.
A. being tested regularly B. to be regularly tested
C. be regularly tested D. regularly tested
3. He was just about to jump up when he felt something ______ near his feet.
A. to move B. move C. moving D. moved
4. I would like ______ that I don’t have a very high opinion of you.
A. to have you know B. have you know C. to have your known D. having you know
5. When he awoke, he found himself ______ in the hospital and ______ by an old woman.
A. lying…being looked after B. lying…be looking after
C. lie…be looked after D. lie…being looked after
6. If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can ___ in a dictionary.
A. look it up B. look up it C. refer to it D. consult in
7. Neither you nor I, nor anybody else ___ content to live in such a lonely village.
A. is B. am C. are D. were
8. Two bags which ______ to Hong Kong were at this moment being loaded aboard a flight to Guangzhou.
A. should have gone B. should be going C. must have gone D. must be going
9. Sometimes we are asked ___ we think the likely result of the program will be.
A. how B. whether C. that D. what
10. It was said that not until the old man had passed away ___ to his relatives.
A. she let out the secret B. was the secret let out
C. out she let the secret D. out let the secret
11. Mary, it’s already 7 o’clock. I’m afraid there is not much time ___ for you to __ for the ball.
A. leaving; get dressing B. remaining; get to dress
C. remained; get dressed D. left; get dressed
12. Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ___ sickness.
A. normal B. average C. regular D. ordinary
13. They will give us the money ___ we pay it back within half a year.
A. on no condition B. on condition C. under the condition D. on condition that
14. Not only ___ interested in football but ___ beginning to show an interest in it.
A. is the teacher himself, are all his students B. the teacher himself is, are all his students
C. is the teacher himself, all his students are D. the teacher himself is, all his students are
15. These two countries have a ___. They both have a high snowfall during winter.
A. situation B. response C. similarity D. condition
16. It is important that we ___ with all that ___ in the struggle.
A. should unite, be united B. would like, can be united
C. should unite, could unite D. unite, can be untied
17. John knocked at the door for nearly five minutes___ his wife opened it.
A. when B. before C. until D. while
18. They got the work ______ before the rainy season set in.
A. to do B. done C. doing D. did
19. Please remind me ______ some eggs for the coming party.
A. buy B. to buy C. of buying D. for buying
20. Although John was the oldest in the family, he always let his sister ____ charge of the house.
A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken
阅读理解: 2011•辽宁卷C篇
Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.
In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.
The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.
The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: "I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but
small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modem engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one."
The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers, even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.
63. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?
A. He made good use of ideas from others. B. He produced the first car in the world.
C. He knew how to improve auto parts. D. He invented the production line.
64. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?
A. To show off his driving skills. B. To draw public attention.
C. To learn about new technology. D. To raise money for his new company.
65. “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to __________.
A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people
C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor D. the sales target for the Ford Company
66. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?
A. Producing cars for average customers. B. Building racing cars of simple design.
C. Designing more car models. D. Starting more companies.
完形填空：2011•四川卷
I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my future as happy wife and business-woman. When Mum __21__ in October 2007, I was cook… In December that year, while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me __22__. I was distraught（忧心如焚的）. Some days later, I was __23__ that a guy who was working with us that day. “He could probably have made a fortune __24__ the necklace he found.” __25__, he returned it. Hearing I’d __26__ Mum for six months before her death, he said, “Christmas is going to be __27__—why not go out to the Alps for a couple of weeks? ”
I come to Morzaine, a small, friendly village in the Alps and __28__ fell in love with it. What was __29__to be a stopgap (权宜之计) trip turned into a new life. I kept travelling between London and here and felt __30__ than I had in months. In December 2008, I was __31__ as a hotel manager and moved here full time.
A month later, I met Paul, who was traveling here. We fell in love. In the beginning, I didn’t want to discuss __32__, because the sadness of losing Mum __33__ felt great. Paul understood that and never __34__me. But, by summer, we got married. A year later, we used his saving, and the money from the sale of Mom’s house, to build our own __35__.
We want to give our guests a __36__ feel, so each room is themed(以……为题) around memories from our lives. There are also styles to remind me of Mom---a tiny chair which __37__ be in her bedroom is set in one room.
We are having a wonderful life Mum __38__ naturally part of it, __39__ there’s no way we would be here. If it wasn’t for the __40__ she gave me. I know she’s here in spirit, keeping an eye on us.
21. A. died B. came C. returned D. visited
22. A. burned B. disappeared C. broke D. dropped
23. A. shown B. comforted C. persuaded D. told
24. A. hiding B. stealing C. selling D. wearing
25. A. Luckily B. Naturally C. Surely D. Hopefully
26. A. nursed B. cured C. missed D. guarded
27. A. long B. hard C. merry D. free
28. A. suddenly B. finally C. nearly D. immediately
29. A. said B. proved C. supposed D. judged
30. A. smarter B. higher C. firmer D. lighter
31. A. honuored B. hired C. regarded D. trained
32. A. travel B. business C. children D. marriage
33. A. recently B. once C. still D. first
34. A. left B. pushed C. surprised D. interrupted
35. A. hotel B. restaurant C. home D. shop
36. A. homely B. lively C. motherly D. friendly
37. A. ought to B. used to C. might D. could
38. A. takes B. keeps C. looks D. feels
39. A. unless B. while C. because D. though
40. A. money B. chair C. house D. necklace
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