Unit 2 Cloning
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.obtain vt. 获得；赢得
2.merely adv. 仅；只；不过
3.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
4.bother vt. 打扰
vi. 操心
n. 烦扰
5.vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的
6.breakthrough n. 突破
7.attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)
8.drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
9.accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积→accumulation n．积累；增加
10.reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→reason n．原因；道理
11.differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的；与众不同的→difference n．差异；不同
12.undertake vt.着手；从事；承担→undertook_(过去式)→undertaken_ (过去分词)
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.His explanation was not reasonable (reason), so all of us didn’t accept it.
2.All the new employees are asked to learn about the rules and regulations (regulate) of the company and they must obey them.
3.Jackie Chan enjoys great popularity (popular) both in Hong Kong and inland.
4.I didn’t say that I wanted to buy it but merely (mere) asked for the price.
5.The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities.(accumulate)
6.From the appearance,
1.巧记合成名词
①break through→breakthrough 突破
②break out→outbreak 爆发
③fall down→downfall 垮台
④get together→gettogether 聚会
2.accumulate相关动词小结
①accumulate vt.&vi. 积累
②increase vt.& vi. 增长
③enlarge vt.& vi. 扩大；放大
④expand vt.& vi. 扩大；膨胀
⑤shrink vt.& vi. 收缩；缩小
⑥reduce vt.& vi. 减少
3.由forbid的用法想到的
4.resist形近词集锦
①resist v． 抵抗
②insist v. 坚持
③assist v. 协助
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13.object vi.反对；不赞成→objection_n．不赞成；反对；异议
14.forbid vt.禁止；不准→forbade/forbad_(过去式)→forbidden_(过去分词)
15.strike vi.&vt.&n.打；撞击；罢工→struck (过去式)→struck (过去分词)
16.resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resistance n．抵抗；对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的
17.retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休；引退
18.assumption n．假定；设想→assume vt.假定；设想
19.regulation n．规则；规章；法规→regulate vt.调节；管理
20.popularity n．受人喜爱；流行→popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的
we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. And as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)
7.Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)
8.Don’t assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more.(assume)
9.Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of money, whoever is resistant to it is bound to achieve a lot in their life.(resist)
10.He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement,_ he settled down in a remote village.(retire)
④assistant n. 助手
⑤consist vi. 由……组成
⑥consistent adj. 始终如一的； 一贯的
5.后缀ance名词荟萃
①resistance 抵抗
②assistance 援助;协助
③performance 表演;演奏
④acquaintance 熟人
⑤reliance 信赖;依赖
6.动词变名词的不规则变化
①assume→assumption 假定
②describe→description 描述
③explain→explanation 解释
④pronounce→pronunciation 发音
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
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1.pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
2.cast_down 使失望；使沮丧
3.object_to 反对
4.in_favour_of 赞成；支持
5.(be)_bound_to_(do)_．..
一定或注定(做)……
6.strike_...into_one’s_heart
使……刻骨铭心
7.from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔
8.bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活
9.in_vain 白费力气；枉费心机
10.in_good/poor_condition
状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏
选用左栏短语填空
1.With all the efforts in_vain,_he was very desperate, falling ill.
2.She has succeeded. She is pleased that her devotion to studying has paid_off.
3.In making scientific experiments, one should not be cast_down by temporary setbacks.
4.Now that I’ve grown up, I object_to being treated like a child.
5.The house really is in_poor_condition — it would cost far too much to repair.
6.Keep on working hard like this, and your research is_bound_to obtain great success.
1.“in＋名词＋of”短语全接触
①in favour of 赞成；支持
②in memory of 为了纪 念……
③in search of 寻找
④in honour of 为了纪念……；
向……表示尊敬
⑤in view of 鉴于；由于
⑥in terms of 谈及；就……而言；
在……方面
2.heart相关短语全扫描
①strike ... into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
②put one’s heart into ...
用心对待
③lose heart 灰心
④heart and soul 全心全意地
[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
then 位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。that引导同位语从句。
接着传来了屠呦呦，一位女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。
Then_came_the_exciting_news_that Tu Youyou, a woman scientist, won the Nobel Prize.
2.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these
The advantage is that
骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。
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animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
...“其优点是……”， that引导表语从句。
The_advantage_of_cycling_to_work_is_that we can live a lowcarbon life.
3.What do you think is the writer’s point of view in this reading passage？
你认为这篇阅读文章中作者的观点是什么？
本句结构为“疑问词＋插入语＋其他部分”。
这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？
Which_part_of_this_book_do_you_think is the most interesting？
1．object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标
[经典例句] If anybody objects, we’ll postpone the meeting till next week.(牛津P1372)
如果有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。
(1)object to sb./sth. 反对；不赞成某人/某事
object to doing sth. 反对做某事
(2)objection n. 反对；厌恶
raise an objection to sth. 对……提出异议
①We object to being_blamed (blame) for something that we haven’t done.
我们反对把与我们无关的事情作为理由来谴责我们。
②As far as I’m concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.
就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。
[写作联想] 例句②的其他表达方式
①In my opinion, I object to charging for parking.
②In my view, I am opposed to charging for parking.
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③From my point of view, I’m against charging for parking.
2．forbid vt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不准
[教材原句] Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.
有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究。
(1)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
禁止某人做某事
(2)forbidden adj. 被禁止的；严禁的
①My father forbade me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.
→My father forbade me to_meet (meet) my friends online at the Internet café.
我父亲禁止我去网吧见我的网友。
②The students were forbidden, unless they had special passes, to_leave (leave) the base.
这些学生除非有特别的通行证，否则被禁止离开基地。
[名师指津] forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。
3．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
[经典例句] Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour.(牛津P1427)
谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。
(1)owe sb.an apology 该向某人道歉
owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.
欠某人某物
(2)owe ...to ... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb. that ... 多亏某人……
(3)owing to 因为；由于
①Mary will take care of the baby — she owes_me_a_favour.
玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。
②I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.
我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。
③Owing_to_my_lack_of_experience,_I didn’t do the work well.
由于缺乏经验，我没有把工作做好。
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4．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
[教材原句] However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。
(1)bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother to do sth. 特意做某事
It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是
(2)put sb.to any bother 给某人添乱
why bother没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦
①Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is_bothering (bother) them.(2015·湖南高考单选)
有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色，以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。
②In this kind of highpressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings.
在这种重压下，很多领导人频繁开会，从而让员工感到厌烦。
③I don’t want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.
我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。
5．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担；保证
[教材原句] It is a difficult task to undertake.
这是一项很难完成的任务。
undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事
undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事
undertake that ... 保证……
undertake responsibility/a task/a project
承担责任/任务/工程
①We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake_the_task or not.(2015·湖北高考完成句子)
现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。
②The project undertaken (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.
由那位年轻工程师单独承担的项目最终获得了巨大的成功。
③Mr. Collins undertook to_look (look) after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends.
柯林斯先生承担了照料孩子的任务，这样他妻子就能够与她的两位朋友去健身俱乐部了。
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Ⅰ.基础点全练
单句语法填空
1．He undertook to_finish (finish) the work, however difficult it is.
2．He is a successful businessman; he owes his success more to luck than to ability.
3．Why bother to_go (go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home?
4．The boy couldn’t resist showing (show) off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.
5．To be honest, I object to being_laughed (laugh) at in public.
6．We may ask her a few questions to make sure we know exactly (exact) what she wants.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
forbid多棱镜
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①I will forbid you to_leave (leave) unless you apologize for what you have done.
②We should take measures to forbid returning (return) illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.
③The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, to_stay (stay) out after 11 pm.
(2)句型转换(每空一词)
④We were forbidden from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.
→Forbidden from going out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.(分词作状语)
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出strike的词性和词义
(A)vt.使突然想到/想起 (B)vt.突然袭击
(C)vt.打动；给……以深刻印象 (D)vt.打；敲；击
(E)n.罢工 (F)vt.& vi.(钟)报时
1．Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare’s writing remains powerful and true.__C__
2．It struck me that we might have made a wrong decision.__A__
3．I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.__F__
4．A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people.__B__
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5．You’d better strike while the iron is hot.__D__
6．The key reason for the black people’s strike was their poor living and working conditions.__E__
1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
[教材原句] But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough — the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”。
pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价
pay sb. for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬
pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报
①I was very interested in English and worked hard at it. Finally all_my_efforts_paid_off.(2014·山东高考满分作文)
我对英语非常感兴趣而且努力学习它，最终我所有的努力都得到了回报。
②What delighted him was that after all these years he at last paid_off_all_his_debts.
使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
③That I can pay_back the help people give me makes me happy.
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
2．in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏
[经典例句] The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.(朗文P412)
这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。
out of condition 健康状况欠佳
working/living/studying conditions
工作/生活/学习环境
on condition that ... 在……条件下；倘若……
on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)
①What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in_poor_condition.(2014·安徽高考书面表达)
我想让你意识到的是每个人都可能有状况不好的时候。
②You can keep the books for about 3 weeks on_condition_that you preserve them well.
这些书你可以借三个礼拜，条件是你必须好好保存。
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③On no condition should_you_lose_heart when you are in trouble.
当你处境危险时，你决不能失去信心。
3．The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
The advantage is that ...“优势是……”，that此处引导表语从句。
The advantage/strength of ...is that ...
……的优势是……
The disadvantage of ...is that ... ……的不足是……
The drawback of ...is that ... ……的缺点是……
The problem of ...is that ... ……的问题是……
The chance is that ... 有可能……
①The_advantage/strength_of_smiling_is_that it can not only make us happy, but also please others.
微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。
②The_chance_is_that our team will finish at the top, as our remaining matches aren’t too difficult.
由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。
③The_drawback_of the popularity of cars is_that it brings about so much air pollution.
汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①The disadvantage of the area is that there is no public transport.
②Mountain Tai struck (strike) its beauty into her heart and she decided to visit it again the next year.
③The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
④Don’t let yourself be_cast (cast) down by a small failure in the experiment; try again.
⑤His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his wellpaid job, but their
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efforts were in vain.
⑥The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
2．补全句子
①在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于如果你有问题可以得到帮助。
The_advantage/strength_of using your university accommodation is_that_you_can_get_support if you have a problem.
②当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定参军。
When the news came that_the_war_broke_out,_he decided to serve in the army.
3．运用所学短语完成下列语段
Don’t feel ①cast_down (沮丧) if you fail in the coming examination. You must believe in yourself because your hard work will ②pay_off (得到好结果) sooner or later. Keep on trying your best, and you ③are_bound_to (一定会) be admitted into a key university.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
condition面面观
(1)句型转换(每空一词)
①You should tell him what has happened on no condition.(改为倒装句)
→On no condition should you tell him what has happened.
②They agreed to lend us the car as long as we returned it before the weekend. (同义句转换)
→They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
(2)补全句子
③只要手机的状况良好，我不在意价格。
I don’t care about the price; so/as_long_as_the_cellphone_is_in_good_condition.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Having_retired (retire) from business, he now occupies himself with his garden.
2．His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
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3．The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist taking (take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.
4．—It’s reported that there’s a big breakthrough in the cancer treatment.
—If only my son could be brought back to life!
5．I think it is her personality rather than her looks that has struck me.
6．Since her only child passed away a few years ago, family has been a forbidden (forbid) topic for her.
7．Liu Lei insisted that he merely did what everybody would have done and strongly objected to being_called (call) a hero.
8．Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from those of the past.
9．This morning my grandpa wrote his doctor a letter saying that he owes it to her that he is still alive.
10．Honey, look at your mistake in spelling this word, or you could_have_obtained (obtain) full marks in this exam.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He has a strong objection to smoke in public places, especially with females present.smoke→smoking
2．Mother made a promise if I passed the College Entrance Examination, she would buy me a mobile phone.promise后加that
3．John is strongly convinced that extra time spent studying now will pay for in the future.for→off
4．It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.去掉第一个to或struck→occurred
5．You can go swimming in condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.in→on
6．Owe to his absence, we had to put off the class meeting till next week.Owe→Owing
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
People differ_greatly (有很大分歧)in cloning technique. Some people are in_favour_of (支持) its development, for they believe it will be sure to benefit us.①Large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s
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needs, which is one of the advantages of cloning. Besides (as a result/besides), we can also clone human body organs for medical use.
On the contrary, others strongly object_to (反对) it, feeling depressed to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions. In order to ban the technique, they don’t_bother_to_list (不厌其烦地列举) as many disadvantages as possible. ②However (therefore/however), in my opinion, cloning will pay_off (取得成功) as long as all undertake to use it properly.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语
(1)be sure to→be_bound_to
(2)depressed→cast_down
(3)ban→forbid
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用表语从句改写句①
One_of_the_advantages_of_cloning_is_that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s needs.
(2)根据句②改写同义句
However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off on_condition_that_all_undertake_to_use it properly.
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