第3讲 数词、代词及主谓一致的5个歌诀与3种方法
备考指导 数词、代词及主谓一致是历年高考中的必考点，对于代词的考查不同的省份考查的形式不同，有的是以单项填空的形式，有的是以语法填空的形式，有的是以短文改错的形式进行考查。数词的用途是很广的，尤其是在写作中。对主谓一致的考查形式通常是单项填空或短文改错，它的用途是最广的，每一个句子都要涉及到主谓一致。
一、5个歌诀帮你牢记相关知识
1．人称代词用法歌诀
人称代词分两路，主格宾格来分说。主格句中作主语，宾语用的是宾格。人称代词也有数，单数复数莫用错。单个代词作句子，主语也应用宾格。例如：—Tom，come here!
—Me?
2．物主代词用法歌诀
物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用。名词性独立用，主宾表语它都充。
3．反身代词用法歌诀
反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾(宾语)、表(表语)、同(同位语)，主语、定语不能用，固定搭配要记清。
4．基数词变序数词歌诀
一、二、三，特别例，结尾字母t，d，d。th，四加起，八去t，九去e，y要用ie替。ve必须变f，five，twelve是俩兄弟。若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。
5．英语分数巧记歌诀
英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字，分子若是大于一，分母还需加s。
二、3种解题方法
方法1 明确指代法
在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：(1)代词指代的是人还是物；(2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词；(3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念；(4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；(5)代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.________
答案 many→much
解析 本句中代词much代替不可数名词much money作动词cost的宾语，而many通常代替可数名词的复数形式。故many改为much。
典例展示2 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ________ was a wonderful holiday destination.
答案 it
解析 从空后的a wonderful holiday destination可以知道，这个地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地点。故答案为it。
方法2 理清逻辑法
理清逻辑法主要是通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑：(1)代词所表示的范围；(2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.________
答案 your→our
解析 由前面的“we go on a trip”和“we can broaden”可知，应把your改为our。
典例展示2 Now it occurred to ________ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
答案 him
解析 由前文可知，此处指突然发生在他身上的事情。It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...“某人突然想到……”。故答案为him。
方法3 分清主语、找准谓语法
做主谓一致的题目时，由于在句子中，有一些主语容易受到别的词的影响，往往造成一些理解上的错误，如主语后面接with，together with，along with，but，as well as等短语时，谓语应与前面的名词保持一致，记住：谓语动词的单复数要和主语中的中心词取得一致。
典例展示1 (2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.________
答案 was→were
解析 主语是we，故应把谓语was改为were。
典例展示2 Two fifths of the land in that district ________(be) covered with trees and grass.
答案 is
解析 is 谓语与the land一致，用单数。
典例展示3 He is the only one of the students who ________ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
答案 has been
解析 谓语应与the only one一致，又由for three years可知用完成时。跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ________________(save) for other purposes.
2．One third of the country ________________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens ________(be) black people.
3．The writer and translator ________(be) delivering a speech in our school now.
4．He or I ________(be) to go.
5．________(be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?
6．Ten years ________(be) a moment in history.
7．A third of his compositions ________(have) been corrected.
8．The unknown ________(be) always something to be feared.
9．Either you or the headmaster ________ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
10．Every possible means ________(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Mine own experience can serve as a case in point.________
2．I think I can improve me a lot in this way，because where there is a will, there is a way.________
3．As time goes on, people will know yourself better and be willing to make friends with you.________
4．For quite a number of children, their teachers’ advice is more acceptable than one of their parents’．________
5．Give me a challenge，and I will meet them with joy.________
6．Tom have been reading that book all the morning so he is tired now.________
7．As everybody knows, politics are now taught in all schools. ________
8．Kate, one of my good friends, come from Guangzhou.________
9．As we all know, people speaks English all over the world.________
10．It is the parents and their son that wants to buy the bicycle.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Gold Coast theme parks come in all shapes and sizes and whether you like roller coasters(过山车) or patting furry animals，you’re sure to find something.
Movie World
Movie world is the only movierelated theme park in Australia.With one of the best coast and a good handful of movierelated rides，you’ll experience a funfilled adventure with the glamour of Hollywood.Get “behind the scenes” movie information and stunt(特技) shows to keep the whole family entertained for the best part of a day.
Contact Information：
Phone：0755738485
Address：Pacific Motorway，Oxenford，Queensland 4210
Sea World
With an obvious emphasis on things that live in the water，Sea World has a fantastic range of fish，sharks，dolphins，seals，polar bears and other animals in the water.With a bunch of great rides，water slides and roller coasters，Sea World is known as the best allround theme park on the Gold Coast.
Contact Information：
Phone：0755882222
Address：Sea World Drive，Main Beach，Queensland 4217
Tropical Fruit World
Home of the world’s largest variety of tropical fruits，it’s free to get in and shop for varieties of strange and wonderful fruits，or you can pay to check out the
plantation safaris(游猎)，mini train rides，jungle cruises(丛林大漂流) and fruit tasting shows.Admission is 32 for adults and 15 for kids and free for kids under 5.
Contact Information：
Phone：0266777222
Address：Duranbah Road，Duranbah，NSW 2487
Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary
Crocodiles，kangaroos，koalas and almost all of the other famous Australian native animals are living in Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary.You can look at them，feed and pat some of them or just experience the fantastic 27hectare bush land setting—an oasis of wildlife among the Gold Coast bustle(喧闹)．
Contact Information：
Phone：0755341266
Address：28 Tomewin Street Currumbin，Queensland 4223
1．If you want to watch stunt shows，you can go to ______．
A．Movie World
B．Sea World
C．Tropical Fruit World
D．Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary
2．If you like sea animals，you can go to ________．
A．Movie World
B．Sea World
C．Tropical Fruit World
D．Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary
3．We can take a jungle cruise at ________．
A．Pacific Motorway，Oxenford，Queensland 4210
B．Sea World Drive，Main Beach，Queensland 4217
C．28 Tomewin Street Currumbin，Queensland 4223
D．Duranbah Road，Duranbah，NSW 2487
4．If a father and his 4yearold son want to visit Tropical Fruit World，they should
pay ______．
A.15 B.30
C.32 D.47
Ⅱ.完形填空
My son Joey was born with clubfeet(畸形足)．The doctors told us that with treatment he would be able to walk normally __1__ would never run very well.The first three years of his life were spent in __2__．By the time he was eight，you __3__ he had a problem when you saw him walk.
The children in our neighborhood ran around as most children do during play，and Joey would __4__ and play，too.We __5__ told him that he probably wouldn’t be able to __6__ as well as the other children.So he didn’t know.
In seventh grade he decided to go out for the cross country __7__．Every day he trained with the team.He worked harder and ran more than any of the others perhaps he __8__ that the abilities that seemed to come __9__ to so many others did not come naturally to him.Although the __10__ team runs，only the top seven runners have the potential(可能性) to __11__ points for the school.We didn’t tell him he probably would never __12__ the team，so he didn’t know.
He __13__ to run four to five miles a day，every day even the day he had a 103degree fever.I was __14__，so I went to look for him after school.I found him running all alone.I asked him how he felt.“__15__，” he said.He had two more miles to go.The sweat __16__ his face and his eyes were glassy from his fever.Yet he __17__ straight ahead and kept running.We never told him he couldn’t run four miles with a 103degree fever.So he didn’t know.
Two weeks later，the name of the team runners were __18__．Joey was number six on the list.Joey had made the team.He was only in seventh the other six team members were all __19__．We never told him he shouldn’t __20__ to make the team.We never told him he couldn’t do it，so he didn’t know.He just did it.
1．A.however B．or
C．but D．though
2．A.attention B．development
C．circulation D．treatment
3．A.wouldn’t know B．didn’t imagine
C．shouldn’t find D．couldn’t identify
4．A.keep just out B．jump right in
C．stand only behind D．sit still away
5．A.never B．generally
C．often D．sincerely
6．A.live B．jump C．run D．hope
7．A.competition B．class
C．game D．team
8．A.meant B．sensed
C．showed D．noticed
9．A.eventually B．suddenly
C．safely D．naturally
10．A.entire B．same
C．other D．all
11．A.score B．collect
C．pay D．catch
12．A.join B．enter
C．make D．keep
13．A.liked B．continued
C．hoped D．aimed
14．A.moved B．excited
C．encouraged D．worried
15．A.Never mind B．Okay
C．Don’t worry D．Sorry
16．A.ran down B．came from
C．dropped off D．came down
17．A.stood B．looked
C．faced D．glanced
18．A.made B．called
C．designed D．checked
19．A.sixthgraders B．seventhgraders
C．eighthgraders D．fifthgraders
20．A.expect B．fight C．avoid D．refuse
Ⅲ.语法填空
A
One day, as Zeng Zi’s wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with 1.________．
“Stay home，” the mother said to him. “When 2.________ return, we’ll kill a pig for 3.________ dinner！”
When she came back, 4.________ found Zeng Zi preparing to slaughter a pig for the child’s meal. She hurried over to stop 5.________：“What are you doing? You’re not really going to kill a pig, are you? I was just kidding him！”
“How can 6.________ lie to children？” Zeng Zi replied. “7.________ learn each and 8.________ movement from 9.________ parents. If 10.________ deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. One cannot educate children this way.”
In the end, Zeng Zi killed the pig.
B
Our school library, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools’．There 1.________ (be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books 2.________ (be) large, and maybe there are 100，000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200，000 dollars. Maybe 200，000 dollars 3.________ (be) large to every student.
In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who 4.________ (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day. Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student 5.________ (like) to surf the Internet at weekends here, and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John 6.________ (play) computer games there.
When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer 7.________ (deliver) a speech. Each boy and each girl 8.________ (focus) on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always 9.________ (cheer) up. You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students is at the room. On the wall 10.________ (be) 100 pictures, which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.
第3讲 数词、代词及主谓一致的5个歌诀与3种方法
考点突破
Ⅰ.1.were saved 2.is covered；are 3.is 4.am
5．Are 6.is 7.have 8.is 9.is 10.have been used
Ⅱ.1.Mine→My 2.me→myself 3.yourself→you
4．one→that 5.them→it 6.have→has
7．are→is 8.come→comes 9.speaks→speak
10．wants→want
能力提升
Ⅰ.1.A
2．B
3．D
4．C
Ⅱ.1.C
2．D
3．A
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．D
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．A
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．B
16．A
17．B
18．B
19．C
20．A
Ⅲ.A 1.her 2.I 3.your 4.she 5.him 6.we
7．They 8.every 9.their 10.you
B 1.are 2.is 3.is 4.have 5.likes 6.are playing 7.is delivering 8.is focusing 9.cheer/cheers
10．are
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