Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia 1 词汇能力有关自然灾害的词汇 参见词汇讲解2 听说能力 结合课文及相关材料，谈论与环保有关的话题。 3阅读能力阅读课文及cultural corner中的文章，了解其中语言点。 4语法能力1) 不定式用法：to do，to be done，to be doing，to have done，to have been done2) but+不定式，nothing but（to）do; cannot help but do/can’t but do; cannotchoose but do 5 写作能力写一篇关于环境保护的短文 重点词汇拓展1. (adj.) 大量的；大规模的2. (n.) 战役，活动3. (n.) （土地的）沙漠化4. (n.) 过程，进程5. (vt.) 预报，预告6. (v.) 重新利用，再循环7. (n.) 根据，证明8. (adj.) 紧急的9. (vt.) 污染10. (adj.) 恐怖的，吓人的11. (adv.) 绝对地，完全地12. (adj.) 吓人的，可怕的 (vt .) (n.)13. (n.) 力量，力气 (v.) 加强 _ (adj.) 强壮的14. (n.) 化学药品(adj.) 化学的 _ (n.) 化学15. (adj.) 关心的，担心的 (n.)16. (adj.) 主要的，多数的 (n.) 大多数17. (vi.) 抱怨，发牢骚 _ (n.)18. (n.) 保护_ (v.)Keys: 1. mass 2. campaign 3. desertification 4. process 5. forecast 6. recycle7. evidence 8. urgent 9. pollute 10. scary 11. absolutely 12. frightening, frighten, fright 13. strength, strengthen, strong 14. chemical, chemistry,chemical 15. concerned, concern 16. major, majority 17. complain, complaint18. protection, protect 重点短语1. be caught in 赶上，遇上2. cut down 坎倒3. wake up to sth. 意识到，认识到4. prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事5. take in 吸收6. have no idea 不知道7. in a nutshell 概括地说8. have a good/bad effect on 对。。。。。。有好/坏的影响9. be concerned about/over 为。。。。。。担心10. give out 放出，发出
【词汇】1 mass n.块, 质量, 群众, 大量 adj.群众的, 大规模的 a mass of clay. 一堆泥土Before the rain, the sky was a mass of clouds. 下雨前，天空有一团云。 mass education 大众教育mass production 大规模生产 the masses 人民群众2 process n. 过程, 作用, 方法, 程序 vt. 加工, 处理 the process of learning to read学习阅读的步骤The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place. 公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。Building a car is a long process. 制造一辆小汽车有很长的工序。One has to process a photographic film to print pictures from it. 必须先处理照相底片才能冲印出相片。(近义词) procedure n. 程序, 手续 3 citizen n.市民；国民；公民As a citizen, you must obey the law or you will be punished. 作为一个公民,你必须遵守法律,否则你将会受到惩罚。 She's an American citizen but lives in Canada.她是美国公民,但居住在加拿大。 (近义词) inhabitant n. 居住者；居民(近义词) resident n. （常与of连用）居民，住户 4 environment n. 环境, 外界 (意义广泛)home environment 家庭环境The children have a happy environment at school. 孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境。to prevent the pollution of the environment 防止环境污染 environmental adj.周围的, 环境的environmental climate 环境气候 environmental condition 环境条件 environmental damage 环境损害environmental disaster 环境灾难 environmental influence 环境影响environmental pollution regulation 环境污染管理 environmental pollutant 环境污染物 environmental protection 环境保护 environmental technology 环境技术(近义词) surroundings n.环境 （围绕物，周围的事物：周围环境、条件和影响存在和发 展的事物；）The house is in beautiful surroundings. 这座房屋四周的环境优美。5 major adj.较多的；主要的(无比较等级) n.大学主修科目, 主修专业学生 a major city 主要城市a major artist 主要的艺术家 majority n. 多数, 大半The majority of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。常见短语：major problems 主要问题。 the major subjects 主修课程 play a major role in sth. 在某事中起重要作用 major in sth. 主修 be in a/ the majority 占大多数 by/with a majority of 以。。。。。。多数 a/the majority of 。。。。。。的大多数 辨析：major/main/chief major意为“重大的，主要的”，指在规模，数量，重要性方面超出同类的其他事物。 main意为“主要的”，强调事物的某一部分，分支的重要性，大小及潜力优于其他部分，分支，或表示整体中最主要，最明显的部分，通常只作定语。 chief意为“主要的，首要的”，强调在顺序，等级，重要性，价值方面高于其他所有同类事 物。 What’s the main purpose of your visit? Tom played a major part in the improvement of teaching.Wuhan is one of the chief cities of China. 6 concerned adj.关心的, 有关的I am very concerned about her. 我非常挂念她。the concerned parents of youthful offenders 少年犯他们忧心的父母 As far as I am concerned, …. 据我所知,…unconcerned adj. 不关心的, 无忧虑的, 不相关的 concern vt. 涉及, 关系到 n. 关心, 关注This concerns us deeply. 这事对我们关系极大。This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply. 这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。It's no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。The managing director's only concern was how to improve the quality of their products.总经理心里想的全是如何提高产品质量。She showed great concern about you. 她很为你担心。 7 evidence n.明显, 迹象, 证据Can you show me any evidence for your statement? 你能给我看你供词的证据吗？in evidence 明显的，显而易见的Mrs. Jones was much in evidence at the party. 琼斯夫人在晚会上很突出。evident adj. 明显的, 显然的8 urgent adj. 急迫的, 紧急的an urgent message 急迫的口信She was urgent in her demands. 她凡事都要求马上就办。 请注意以下结构：It is urgent that sb. should do sth. (虚拟语态)= It is important / necessary/ essential that sb. should do sth. urgency(n.) 紧急，迫切urge (vt.) 推进，极力主张，催促，激励 urge sb. to do…urge sb. into doing… urge sb. against 强烈反对urge sb. on 鼓励，激励，为。。。。。。加油urge+that 从句 （从句用虚拟语气）We urge you to come up with an immediate solution to the problem. The attack added a new urgency to the peace talks. I need to speak to her urgently.She could hear him urging her on as she ran past.Investigators urged that safety procedures at the site should be improved. 9 complain v. 抱怨, 悲叹, 控诉 (complain to sb. about sth.)They complained about the food. 他们抱怨这糟糕的食物。Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather. 他几乎马上就开始抱怨起天气来了。Jean is always complaining about something. 琼总是满腹牢骚。 complaint n. 诉苦, 抱怨, 牢骚10 scary adj. 吓人的，使人惊恐的 scary movie 恐怖电影scared意为“被吓到的，害怕的”，而scary则意为“吓人的，令人恐怖的”。请做下一组练习 scary / scared（1）The little child was while seeing the scene.（2）The little girl’s expression showed she was frightened.（3）I was made fully awake by the _sound.（4）It was said that the little boat has lived through a _hurricane.（5）The _thunder and lightning made me trembling with cold. 答案：（1）scared；scary （2）scared （3）scary （4）scary （5）scary【阅读】1 "To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience," he said. “There was nothing to be done. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve been in.” “被困在沙尘暴里是一种可怕的经历，”他说。“什么也干不了。这是我所经历过的最可怕， 最危险的情形。”1）to have been …结构是动词不定式的完成形式，使用这种结构时，常表示该不定式短 语中的动作已经发生。He is said to have been a movie star.To have seen him for so many times is really great. (请参阅语法中的解释)2）be caught in 此处意为"遭遇上"。如:I was caught in the downpour on the way home from school. 放学路上，我遇上了暴 雨。be caught in=be trapped in=be stuck incatch 构成的常见短语:1. catch sb doing 发觉/抓到某人做某事。如: The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 2. catch up with 赶上。如:You’ll have to work harder to catch up with the top students.3. catch hold of 抓住，握住2 Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.由于“荒漠化”现象，中国近年来发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。appear vi. 看来, 似乎, 后面可加：adj./ to do / that …等。强调由表面看来，某事可能如 何。She appears very tired. 她显得很疲劳。He appears to want to leave. 他看来要走。Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water.两个月的婴儿看来不象是不肯下水的。appear to have done, 表示看来已经做完某事，请参见语法讲解。3 Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.人们醒来，看到昏黄的天空，狂风夹杂着黄沙在城里肆虐。 wake （常与up连用）醒, 例如：Do you wake up feeling tired? 你早晨醒来时感到疲倦吗?Be quiet, or you will wake (up) the baby. 安静点，否则你会吵醒这个孩子的。 I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep. 我按了门铃想唤醒我的妻子,但是她睡得很死。Please wake me up at 8 o'clock. 请在八点钟叫醒我。 介词to 在这里表示“进入某种状态”。4 This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up trees. 这是土地变成沙漠的一个过程，因为气候变化，也因为人们砍树挖草。1）cut down此处意为"砍倒"。如:They cut down many old trees and planted some young trees. cut down还有"削减,删减"的意思。如:Your article is too long, so please cut it down to 500 words. 与cut搭配的短语有：cut away 切下，坎掉 cut across/through 抄近路穿过 cut back 剪 枝，修剪，减少，消减 cut in插嘴，插入 cut off 切断 cut out 剪除，删掉 cut up 切碎 cut sth. in half/in two将。。。。。。切两半The essay is too long—it needs cutting down a little. I must cut that holly brush back a bit.I wish Marie would stop cutting in on our conversation all the time. The electricity company is threatening to cut us off.2）dig up此处意为"从地里挖出(某物)"。如: We dug up the tree by its roots.dig up 还有"掘到,掘出"的意思。如:An old vase was dug up here last month.5 Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 树吸收二氧化碳，放出氧气。1）take in 此处意为"吸收,吸入(空气、水等)"。如: Take in a deep breath.take in的常见意思还有:--take in 把……拿进。如:Please take your clothes in in case it rains.--take in 收容(留)某人住宿。如:The teacher took in several students.与take搭配的短语有：take along带。。。。。。一起去 take away 拿走 take off脱 下，起飞，成功 take on呈现出，雇用 take out拿出，拔掉 take over接管 take up拿 起，占空间，开始从事 take back 收回（诺言）These insects can take on the colours of their surroundings. They have taken over our firm by buying up shares.2) give out 此处意为"放出,散发出", 多指气味、热量等的释放。如: The rotating machine gave out a lot of heat.give out的常见意思还有:--发(书、报)等。如:The teacher gave out the exam papers.-- 用完,耗尽。如:After five months, their food supply finally gave out.give out=run out 是不及物短语，use up, run out of是及物短语，有被动语态，主语是 人。与give搭配的短语有: give away 泄露，赠送 give oneself away露出马脚 give off放出（光，烟，气味等），散发 give in to投降，屈服 give up放弃 give oneself up自首 give way to让路/让步He has given in to my views.6 The“Green”movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it. 绿色行动试图让政府更认真地看待环境问题，以及他们该如何保护环境。get 在文中作使役动词，但是与make 等词不同的是，get 的结构应为: get sb. to do sth. I can’t get him to be inside.Just get them to finish the work as soon as possible. 7. They are often so think that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimesstrong enough to move sand dunes. 沙尘暴经常是非常混浊的以至于你看不见太阳，而且风有时大得能够刮动沙丘。 so…that “如此。。。。。。以至于。。。。。。”，引导结果状语从句。so…that和 such…that引导的结果状语从句都表示主句的动作或状态达到一定程度而引起 的结果。 so是副词，用来修饰形容词，副词，分词或其他结构； such是形容词，用来修 饰名词短语，such 修饰单数可数名词且名词前有形容词时，可用so替换 such，冠词与形 容词交换位置，构成“ so+adj.+a(an)+名词”。名词前有 many, much, few 等表示数量的 词时，一般用“so…that…”句型。so…that和 such…that构成以下句型： such+a(an)+adj.+单数名词 +that clause such+adj.+ 复数名词+that clause such+adj.不可数名词 +that clauseso+adv.(adj.)+ that clauseso many(few)+可数名词复数 +that clause so much(little)+ 不可数名词+that clause so+adj.+a(an)+单数名词+that clause 但little意为“小的”，只能用suchHe spoke in so low a voice that none of the people in the hall heard what he was saying.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family. It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.It is so quiet in the room that you can hear the drop of a pin.为加强语气, “so(such)…that”结构中的so 或such位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.8. The garbage is then taken away and, if possible recycled. 然后垃圾被带走，如果可能的话会进行回收利用。if possible是 if it is possible的省略形式。当 if, when, while, until, unless, once, whether等引导的状语从句与主句的主语相同，并且从句有系动词 be的某种形式时，或从 句的主语是 it且含有 be动词时，从句中的主语及部分谓语 (be) 可以省略。 If引导省略的情况有下列几种：if any, 如果有的话if necessary,如果需要的话 if so,如果是这样的话if ever,如果曾经有的话 if not如果不这样的话Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. She always sings while doing her work.If so, you must go back and get it.I will go to Beijing this week and, if possible, I’ll take my girlfriend. Don’t speak until spoken to.
【语法】
动词不定式 不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”。不定式可以带宾 语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主 语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时有“for + 名词 或代词宾格”构成。1．不定式的用法1）作主语。不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式宾语。如： To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking. 2）作宾语。不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语 补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。如：He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study history. 有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语。如：decide，plan，desire，expect， hope, wish，pretend，promise，refuse，afford，agree，ask，fail，tend， pretend，manage等3）作宾语补足语。如：He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足 语中，不定式不带to。但这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。如：I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song. 4）作定语。如：I have some books for you to read.①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地 点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live.②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动 语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send ?（你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”） Have you anything to be sent.[你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别 人”]5）作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。如： I came here to see you. （目的）We were very excited to hear the news. （原因）He hurried to the school to find nobody there. （结果） To look at him, you would like him. （条件）目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示但so as to不能置于句首。如： In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.We ran all the way so as not to be late. 不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。如： I am very glad to hear it.The question is difficult to answer.“too + 形容词或副词 + 不定式”作状语。如： He is too old to do that.另外，句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语。例如： The room is big enough to hold us.6）作表语。如：My job is to help the patient. 7）作独立成分。如：To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 8）不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what，whether等连用，在句 中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。如：He didn’t know what to say. （宾语）How to solve the problem is very important. （主语） 注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不 定式不带to。例如：Why not have a rest ? 2 动词不定式的形式
（注：不定式的否定形式在其前面加not）* 不定式的一般形式表示这个动作或状态将要发生，或表示与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发 生或存在。e.g. The meeting to be held is about environment protection(环保)。* 不定式的完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。e.g. His book is said to have been translated into several languages.* 当谓语动词表示的动作或情况发生时，不定式的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行 时。 . They seemed to be talking about something important when I came in. 3 动词不定式与介词but的关系动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些 介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。另外，在can’t but, can’t choose but和can’t helpbut等后面的不定式也省略to。如： She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go.He did nothing but laugh．I’m sure we had nothing to do but to fight the battle out． You can’t (help) but respect them.（你不得不尊重他们。） 练习1. Without facts，we can’t form a correct opinion，for we need to have actual knowledge our thinking.A. which to be based on B. which to base onC. on which to base D. which to base 2.Tom pretended it but in fact，he knew it very well.A. not listen to B. not to hear aboutC. not to have heard about D. not to be listening to3.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen 4.Hearing his words，I couldn’t decide __or remain.A. whether to go abroad B. if I go abroad C. if to go abroad D. to go abroad5.Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never again.A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found 6.Mr Johnson preferred heavier work to do.A. to be given B. to be giving C. to have given D. having given 7.I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem all the time.A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to have got worse D. getting worse 8.—Have you found out the telephone number I need？—Yes，but __，I have sat here for nearly a half hour.A. for finding it out B. to find it outC. for finding out it D. to find out it9. In order to make the separate family reunited，he did _ them.（Which one of the following is wrong？）A. all he could to help B. everything possible to helpC. his best to help D. what he could help10. We did not expect the plan we had made very carefully for them so coldly.A. refused B. to refuse C. to be refused D. refusing 答案1. C base A on B把A建立在B的基础上。2. C 此处用不定式的完成式表示该动作发生在前。3. C as if后接不定式表示“目的”。4. A 疑问词+不定式可作表语或宾语，但是if没有此用法。5. B was never to be found again再也没有找到。6. A prefer后面的动名词或动词不定式的动作主体就是句子的主语。动词give一般要有双 宾语，而句子里并无give的间接宾语（给谁），因此全句意思应是“约翰逊先生宁可有（被 给予）更重的活干”。7. B 动词seem后应接不定式作宾语；词组all the time的意思是“始终、一直”，相当于 continuously，因此句中相应的动词一般要用进行式。全句的意思是“我宁愿看书也不愿意 看电视，电视节目好像越来越差了”。8. B 从句中上下文看，空白处填一个表目的的不定式才符合句意，for加动名词不能表目 的，故A、C两项不对。D项不合语法。9. D A项为省略句，全句应为：he did all he could do to help them。to help为目的状 语，A是正确的。B项中形容词置于everything之前，也无错误。C项do one’s best to是习语，也常为人所用。D项中的错误在于help前少了to。to help表目的。10 C 这是一个except+宾语+不定式的句型。本句中的宾语是plan，其后加了一个较长的 定语从句，空白处为不定式，从句中看只有用其被动形式才合句意。 【写作】请根据下面提示写一篇关于环境保护的文章。1)The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable（不能忍受的） because of environmental destruction.(2)A lot of measures have been taken …(3)However, the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved.【参考范文】The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. For example, forest cut-down results in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather. In addition, man is faced with problems of water pollution and air pollution.A lot of measures have been taken. Planting trees helps improve and beautifythe environment. Besides, laws concerning environmental protection have been put into effect and achieved good results.However, the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved. On the one hand, the environment pollution and destruction are getting worse and worse in the modern world. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment prevents the solving of the problem. In a word, there is a long way to go before we enjoy a clean and comfortable world.请背诵划线部分的句子。
一．试题第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出 最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关 小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．What can we conclude about Ben? A．He has gone to a party.B．He hasn’t appeared in the party. C．He planned the party.2．When will the concert probably begin?A．At 18 o’clock. B．At 8 o’clock. C．At 16 o’clock. 3．How much can the woman lend the man?A．$ 20. B．$ 15. C．$ 35. 4．How often does the man have to go to hospital?A．Once a month. B．Once two months. C．Twice a month. 5．What does the woman mean?A．She will lend the money to the man. B．She has no change.C．She can’t lend the money to the man because she needs it for her bus fee. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三 个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读 各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读 两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 8 题。6．When is the birthday of the man’s wife?A．Saturday. B．Next Saturday. C．Sunday. 7．Which of the following is true?A．The man bought his wife a hat for her birthday.B．The man’s wife liked the hat very much and often wore it. C．The man bought a pair of gloves in the end.8．What’s the woman? A．A hotel receptionist B．A shop assistant.C．The man’s sister. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 9 至 11 题。9．Where do you think the conversation most probably take place?A．At school. B．In an office. C．In the woman’s home. 10．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Mother and son. B．Teacher and student. C．Boss and secretary. 11．How did the man first find the woman was nervous?A．By the spelling mistake in letter. B．By the expression on her face.C．The woman told him directly. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 12 至 14 题。 12．Where is the woman going?A．Bus station. B．London Museum. C．A church. 13．How will the woman go?A．By bus. B．By car. C．On foot. 14．Where’s the Museum?A．It’s beside the post office. B．It’s opposite the church. C．It’s beside the church.听第 9 段材料，回答第 15 至 17 题。 15．What are they talking about?A．Picnic. B．Party. C．Holiday. 16．What were they invited to do?A．To dinner. B．To go out to a ball. C．To go to a party. 17．What do the woman want to do before the end of the holiday?A．Have a picnic. B．Have a rest. C．Go to a ball. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题。18．When did Dr. King lead the civil rights movements? A．1960’s and 1970’s. B．1950’s and 1960’s. C．1950’s. 19．How did Dr. King die?A．Disease. B．Bullet wound. C．Car accident. 20．Which one of the following is TRUE?A．He was dead on April 4th 1968.B．He won a Nobel Prize at the age of 45. C．He was a farmer.
Ⅰ词汇(1). 用方框中所给的单词填空
1.A _ change takes place in any substance when it burns.2. The _of the city is very much polluted.3. We shall have to _under the river to lay the sewage pipe.4. The general _of the development of the China’s is greatly encouraging. 5.The firm is now in the _of moving the main equipment to a new place.6.A torrent of rain came down and _the crops.7.The teacher that twenty of his pupils would pass the examination. 8.In the summer the town becomes very .9. Only two passengers the air-crash.10. Those small factories are causing a lot of pollution with all their noise and smoke.Ⅱ 单项填空1. He has the rain and is wet through and through.A. been caught in B. been caught forC. been catching in D. been catching for2. _ Mr. Brown's anger, it was his own son who didn't agree _him.A. To; with B. Because of; to C. With; of D. For; on3. Peter was puzzled _ he read the book.A. the first time B. at the first time C. for the first time D. at first4. late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept5. You can’t drive your car across the bridge. It _ ．A. is repaired B．is repairing C．is being repaired D．has repaired6. There is _ little water left that we can’t last one more hour.A. enough B. such C. so D. such7. I tried to my wife ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep.A. to wake, using B. awake up, using C. waking up, by D. wake up, by8. _ rock has fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road.A. Masses of B. A great mass of C. a much mass D. A mass9. Measures must be to prevent the factories going on polluting the rivers．A. taken; of B. taken, 不填 C. done; from D．done; 不填 10. He told me he had been offered a very well-paid _.A. business B. service C. work D. position
1. I have no choice but _ my paper with spelling mistakes to thecommittee.A. to present B. present C. presenting D. presented2. Do tell me the way you think of the problem as soon as possible.A. solving B. to solve C. solve D. being solved3. Robert is said abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to study B. to be studyingC. to have been studying D. to have studied4. Charles did what he could the servant, although he himself was in danger.A. rescue B. to rescue C. rescued D. rescuing5. As an employee, I couldn’t help but still for hours as the boss told me to.A. stood B. stand C. to stand D. standing6. Rather than in a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.A. ride, ride B. riding, to ride C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding7. I don’t think it wise the hard work that they have refused to do.A. for you to take on B. of you to take onC. for you taking on D. of you taking on8. Please find a room for us this evening.A. to stay B. staying C. to stay in D. to be stayed9. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ things worse, it began to pour.A. to make B. making C. having make D. made10. She intended to go to college, but at that time women were not allowed _.A. to go to college B. to go C. going to D. to
A组1. He has so much that he could do the work of six ordinary men.A. force B. energy C. power D. strength 2. History was his _ in the college. He teaches history now.A. mayor B. minor C. miner D. major3. The doctor _ an X-ray test, and then, he could make a conclusion.A. urged me to have B. urged me havingC. urged against D. urged on me4. When the mother returned, she saw her son vegetables into pieces.A. cut down B. cut up C. to cut down D. to cut up5. He had a bad cold, because he _in the rain on his way home after school.A. caught B. catch C. was catching D. was caught6. Who do you think will now that the president has resigned?A. take over B. take up C. take in D. take off7. The salesmen have the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods.A. taken on B. taken up C. taken in D. taken off8. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending.A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off9. that he was praised by his teachers.A. So great progress had he made B. So great progress he had madeC. Such great progress had he made D. Such a great progress had he made10. When why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.A. been asked B. asked C. asking D. to be asked B组1. The suspect’s fingerprints on the gun were the main _ against him.A. crime B. information C. evidence D. conviction2. The new coat looks too large on Mary, so her mother had to .A. cut it out B. cut it down C. cut it off D. cut it up3. are often the makers of history.A. The masses B. The masses of peopleC. A mass of people D. Masses4. He is advised .A. that he gave up smoking B. giving up smokingC. to give up smoking D. that he gives up smoking5. All substances, _ solids, liquids, or gases, are entirely made up of atoms.A. whether they B. whether C. whether are they D. whether are 6. He to me about the bad weather he had while traveling there, fromwhich I guessed that he must have had a very unpleasant journey there.A. complained B. pretended C. regretted D. complaint7. Little Tom made a rule to read aloud and recite ten English words every morning.A. this B. that C. one D. it8. The government is planting trees the desert _ nearer.A. to prevent, to come B. to stop, to comeC. to stop, coming D. prevent, from coming9. I don’t believe that little children can finish much work in _ short time.A. so, so, so B. such, such, such aC. such, so, such a D. so, so, such a10. The speech which he made _ the project has bothered me greatly.A. being concerned B. concerned C. be concerned D. concerning11. When caught __, he begged for my pardon and tried punishment.A. stealing, escaping B. stealing, to escapeC. to be stealing, escaping D. to be stealing, to escape12. –What about the football match last night?-- _. I might as well have stayed at home and had a good rest.A. It couldn’t have been any better B. It couldn’t have been any worseC. It was the best one D. There was no better one13. The girl sat on the floor, .A. frightening, crying B. frightening, to cryC. frightened, crying D. frightened, to cry14. into the cool water to have a swim in summer is great fun.A. To have jumped B. To jump C. Jump D. Having jumped15. Our hometown appears _ a lot in recent years.A. to change B. to have changed C. to be changed D. changing
完成句子：1. 树吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。Trees carbon dioxide and oxygen. 2. 在老师的保护下，学生们安全过了马路。 of the teacher, the students crossed the road safely. 3. 我们取得了一个又一个的胜利。We achieved victories __. 4. 暴风有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust __.5. 为了防止沙漠进一步侵近，政府已经采取了很多措施，例如植树。 __. 完型填空When Mt Vesuvius erupted （爆发）in 79 A.D, it destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The first excavators (挖掘者)were the people of Pompeii who, 1 to their city when the eruption stopped, dug down through the 2 of their buried homes and salvaged (抢救)what they could 3 their furnitureand 4 . The tunnels they 5 through the ash can still be seen in place. But a time came 6 Pompeii and Herculaneum were forgotten. Throughout the Middle Age these two buried cities were not 7 and it was not until 1709 8 an Austrianprince sank a shaft at Herculaneum then, by means of underground tunnels, 9 the city of its treasures, in 1729 systematic(系统地)excavation began on the same site.From the end of the eighteenth century to the present day, digging had gone continuously, _10 slowly, and often with few resources. Perhaps this slowness has not been entirely a _11 , since it has resulted in large parts of both cities for modern, scientific 12 . Archeological(考古学的)techniques have 13 so much in the last fifty years that a 14 can now be shown far more archeological information than was possible before. Today most of Pompeii and a section of Herculaneum have been 15 . They are the best archaeological sites in 16 , and the most wonderful. For here, and 17 else on earth are ancient cities where 18 did not die out but was suddenly 19 . “Behind these walls”, as one writer has said, “lies an ancient Italian town, stilled in a moment of time. To enter the 20 of this city is to walk 2000 years in the past.1. A. arriving B. returning C. coming D. going2. A. walls B. floors C. gates D. roofs3. A. of B. from C. out of D. in4. A. thing B. tools C. owings D. belongings5. A. went B. got C. dug D. moved6. A. when B. and C. that D. until7. A. covered B. researched C. disturbed D. reached8. A. when B. that C. before D. after9. A. stole B. removed C. cured D. robbed10. A. but B. though C. even D. despite11. A. mistake B. wrong--doing C. advantage D. disadvantage 12. A. discovery B. research C. excavation D. foundation13. A. improved B. changed C. added to D. enlarged14. A. spot B. site C. place D. position15. A. thrown B. stopped C. removed D. cleared16. A. Africa B. Asia C. America D. Europe17. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere18. A. human being B. life C. citizens D. animals19. A. stopped B. found C. seen D. discovered20. A. walls B. gates C. center D. roofs
Ⅳ 阅读理解AAfter several days’ warm weather around the New Year’s Day，a strong cold wave with a sandstorm from Mongolia attacked Tianjin Sunday afternoon.From 3 o’clock p.m.，the strong cold wave from Mongolia engulfed（吞没） most areas of North China and the biggest wind-force was 7.Tianjin also suffered this year’s first sandstorm with the cold wind whistling. The sky became dusky and the air was permeated with sand. By 11 o’clock at night，the wind became weaker and the sandstorm died down. From Monday morning，the northern areas had a big drop in temperature. It is learned that flu and the infection of the upper respiratory tract are easy to be infected due to the severe pollution by dust in the air. Relevant experts remind residents to pay attention to their health care.1.The underlined word“permeated”most probably means .A. cleared B. filled C. blowing D. replaced 2.We learn that from the passage.A. sandstorms result in the fall of temperatureB. we can easily get infected by the dusty airC. it is usually warmer before sandstorms comeD. sandstorms usually come around the New Year’s DayBTwo thieves came to a house to steal something. They dug a hole in the wall of the house.There lived many mice in the house. The woman in the moonlight saw a mouse crawl（爬行）into the house.“Look！In comes one，”she said to the man in the house. The thief was so frightened that he hurriedly crawled out of the houseand said to the one waiting outside，“She found me when I was just in.” But the thief outside didn’t believe him，so he said，“Let us two try to crawl into the house together.”At that time two mice happened to crawl into the house，too. The woman saw the mice and shouted，“In come two，catch them！” The twothieves were terribly frightened. The man in the house said，“You saw them come in but where are they？ I will catch them tonight.”The two thieves started running away at once.The two thieves wanted to make it clear whether they had been found or not the night before. The next day they acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house. The man and the woman were ploughing in their fields. The rein（缰绳）broke and the woman came home for a rope. She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some. She picked out two which looked like mice. At the time the man couldn’t wait for her any longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to hurry her up. The woman showed the sweet potatoes to the man and said，“How they look like the two of last night.”The man said，“I asked you to fetch a rope，why don’t you hurry for it？”The two thieves ran awayquickly without their sweet potatoes.3. The two thieves failed to steal anything from the house because_ .A. they were found outB. they were frightened by what they had heard in the houseC. they didn’t work together well with each otherD. mice stopped them from doing so4. From the last paragraph，we know that __.A. the two thieves were famous selling sweet potatoesB. the woman recognized the two thievesC. the woman pretended to know nothing about the two thieves and made fun of themD. the two thieves didn’t know that they were not found at all 5.“ __”is the best title for this passage.A. Two Clever Thieves B. Terrible MiceC. Hit the Mark by a Fluke（歪打正着） D. A Clever Couple 6.Which of the following statements is false？A. The two thieves not only failed to steal things but also lost their sweet potatoes.B. Whenever they found mice，the people in the house would try to catch them.C. The two thieves ran away at once，because they thought the woman had seen them.D. The man let the woman go home for a rope，which would be used for catching the thieves.CCan you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car？ Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons（视 野）.Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive acar. Once you have invested the time to master the skills，you will never go back to the old days. The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful.Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things.Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities. Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed—the computer. It extends the capabilities of our minds.Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars. Furthermore，these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected. The computer may multiply what we can do，and the return on investment is high. The growth of computer usage is surprising. On the other hand，the computer can do serious damage. Invasion of privacy（侵犯隐私），fraud（欺诈），and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples. The computer is like a double-edged sword. It has the ability to cut us free from some activities，but it can also cut deep into profits，personal privacy， and our society in general. How it is used is not a function of technology. It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology. The choice is yours，and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many，many benefits of the computer age.7. The writer thinks learning about computers is like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car because _.A. it is simple and practicalB. it needs a lot of practiceC. it leads people to new life experiencesD. it takes much time to master the skills8. According to the passage，computers bring people the following benefits except _.A. avoiding mistakes B. saving moneyC. making money D. opening up opportunities 9.According to the writer，the bad effects of computers can be avoided if we _.A. have some knowledge of computer systemsB. tell people not to misuse computersC. have strict rules over the use of computersD. make more investments in the technology 10. This passage is probably written for .A. computers B. computer producersC. computer learners D. computer programmers Ⅴ 写作练习1. 最后，我希望我们两国之间能够有持久的和平会并且永远持续下去。(last)2. 那棵苹果树死了，所以他把他砍掉。3. 他要我帮忙洗车。4. 当我在小岛上旅行的时候，突然遇上了雷雨。(be caught in)5. 部分乘客在那次车祸中受伤。(part of)6. 他似乎已经知道了真相。(appear)7. 他阻止我在这抽烟。(prevent)8. 食品和药物急需被送到前线(front)。(urgent)9. 抽烟会损害你的健康。10. 我们只不过就这个问题交换了一下意见。(nothing but)11. 我忍不住哭了出来。12. 我喜欢看变形金刚(Transformers)这样的电影。(such as) 13. 那消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(spread)14. 只有你自己才能使你的英语水平提高。(get)15. 如果你被迫学习，你就永远不可能学好。(force)16. 村民们尝试了各种方法对抗贫穷。
听力原文(Text 1)W：I can’t imagine what happened to Ben.M：Neither can I. I’m sure he planned to come to the party. (Text 2)M：I have an extra ticket for the concert. Would you like to go with me? W：I’d like to. But I have an appointment with professor Li just at 18 o’clock. (Text 3)M：Can you lend me $ 20?W：I had $ 50 but I just spent $ 35. (Text 4)W：Do you have to go to doctor’s?M：Yes. I have to go to the hospital once every two months. (Text 5) M：I wonder if you have some change. I want to make a call.W：I would like to lend you some change, I have only three and I need them for my bus fee.(Text 6)W：May I help you?M：Yes. I’m looking for something for my wife’s birthday next Saturday. I just don’t know what to buy.W：Do you have anything particular in your mind? M：Right. I just don’t know …W：How about a hat? We have some beautiful hats that arrived from France last Monday.M：Not a hat. I bought her one for Christmas and she has never worn it. W：I see. What about a pair of gloves?M：Good idea. Would you put this card with it? W：Certainly, sir. It’ll take a few minutes.M：All right. I’ll wait. (Text 7)M：Is something wrong? W：No, I’m fine.M：You seem nervous about something. W：How can you tell?M：You’ve made so many typing mistakes this morning.W：It’s my son. He wasn’t feeling well when he dropped off at school.M：I’m sorry to hear that. Why don’t you go to the school and take him home. W：But I have to finish these letters, or else the report won’t get finished.M：Don’t worry. I can wait until tomorrow. W：Thanks for being so considerate.M：Thanks for being such a good secretary. (Text 8)M：Excuse me, could you tell me where the London Museum is? W：It’s not very far from here. You can walk.M：Yes?W：Go straight along the road, turn right when you see a post office. M：A post office?W：Yes. Beside the post office, there’s a side street. Walk to the end of thestreet and turn right again. There’s a church there and the Museum is opposite the church.M：That sounds a little complicated. I’ll try. Thank you very much. W：You’re welcome.(Text 9)W：Do you have any plans for the holiday, darling? M：Well, do you want to have a picnic in the park?W：That’s a good idea. And we can ride our bikes for a while, too. M：Then there’s the party.W：Party? Oh! I remember. Mark and Tina invited us to dinner. M：Tina wanted us to go out to a ball after dinner.W：But what shall we do about the picnic? M：We can do that the next day.W：No, it will be so tiring. We need a good rest at home before the end of holiday.(Text 10)Martin Luther King was the most famous civil right leader in the world. He led many civil rights movements of the 1950’s and 1960’s. When he was 38 years old, he won the Nobel Peace Prize. “I have a dream” Dr. King said on that greatest day in Washington in 1963, “… that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. When all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and gentiles will be able to join hands and sing the words: “Free at last! Free at last!” On the afternoon of April 4th 1968, a bullet took his life before a meeting. He was dead, but his dream was not. His dream lives on. His dream will never die!听力答案1-5 BABBC 6-10 BCBBC 11-15 ABCBC 16-20 ABBBA
必会基础 Ⅰ词汇1. chemical 2. atmosphere 3. dig 4. situation 5. process6. damaged 7. forecast 8. dusty 9. survived 10. environmental Ⅱ 单项填空1. A 2. A3. A the first time 引导时间状语从句，表示：第一次…的时候，…… 4. A 不定式表示目的。5. C6. C 修饰“多少（many, much, little, few）”一类的词，使用so,不是such。 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. D 提高拓展1—5 ABDBB 6—10 CBCAD
高考链接 A组1—5 BDABD 6—10 ACACBB组1—5 CAACB 6—10 ADCCD 11-15 BBCBB解析：2. A 玛丽的新衣服太大，妈妈将其进行裁剪。Cut out 剪除3. A the masses 群众 5. B 省略句8. C stop/prevent…from doing 阻止。。。。。。做某事完成句子1. take in, give out2. Under the protection3. one after another4. makes it difficult to see5. To prevent the desert coming nearer, many measures have been taken by the government, such as planting trees.完型填空1. B. 文中指他们（庞贝人）回到了他们的城市。2. D. 因为火山灰湮埋了房屋，只露出房顶。3. A. of介词短语作what部分的定语。4. D. belongings是“财物”的意思，thing指东西，应用复数形式。5. C.6. A. when引导定语从句，修饰被谓语分割开的“a time”.7. C. 全句的意思是；“整个中世纪这两座城市（被埋在地下）没有被打扰过。 8. B. 强调句型“It’s not until……that……”作“直到……才……”解。9. D. 固定搭配，“rob ……of sth”抢劫某人的东西“steal sth from ……”是偷…… 10.B. though作副词 “尽管”解，表示让步。11.D. 由since从句得知；也许慢并非完全是不利的。12. C. 科学的挖掘。13. A. 改进，提高。14. B. spot“地点 场所”。site指“工地，场所”。place泛指“地方”。position指“位置”此句 可从后文16题提示中，判断出site为正确选项。15. D. clear清理,整理 16. D. 常识题。 17. C. 应当是“没有其它的地方”。18. B. 句意是“……在这样的城市里，生命并没有消失……”。19. A. 突然中止。20. B. 是“进入城市之门”的意思。 Ⅳ 阅读理解1. B permeated此处应该是“弥漫”之意。2. B 沙尘暴使得空气弥漫着灰尘，使空气受到污染，人们容易受到空气污染的影响。3. B 这两个小偷听到夫妻俩的说话，误认为是说他们。4. D 实际这对夫妻是指昨晚上的老鼠和犁地用的绳子，而这两个小偷误认为被他们发现 了。5. C6. D 这人叫他的妻子回家拿绳子，是用来犁地用，并不是用来逮小偷。7. C 第一段中的“... open up new horizons”指出了学电脑与学车共同的优点。A、B两项 文中未提及。D项中的much time也未出现在相关描述中。8. A B选项出现在第三段第一句，C选项出现在第二句，而第三句中的“the return on investment is high ”无疑为D选项提供了依据。9. A 文章最后一句中的“...only through a knowledge of computer system will you be able to avoid the dangers”正是A选项所在之处。10. C 文章以浅易的文字描述了电脑学习的优缺点及注意事项，其阅读对象显而易见。 Ⅴ 写作练习1. Lastly, I hope that a lasting peace between our two countries would last forever.2. The apple tree was dead and he cut it down.3. He would like me to help wash the car.4. When I traveled on an island, I was caught in a thunder storm.5. Part of the passengers were injured in the accident.6. He appears to have known the truth.7. He prevented me (from) smoking here. I was prevented from smoking here.8. It is urgent that food and medicine should be sent to the front.9. Smoking can damage your health./Smoking can do damage to your health.10. We did nothing but exchange ideas on this matter.11. I can’t help but cry. /I can’t help crying./I can’t but cry.12. I enjoy watching films such as Transformers./I enjoy watching such films as Transformers.13. The news spread through the school very quickly.14. It is you who can get your English to improve.15. If you are forced to study, you will never study well16. The villagers have tried every means to fight poverty.
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