考点一：
纵观历年的高考题不难发现，高考有关时态的考查呈现这样一个趋势，
原来单纯在一个简单句中给定明确的时间状语的试题少了，即单纯语法知识的题目减少了，
代之以给出一个上下文情景或结构较为复杂的句子，增加干扰因素，要求学生在理解上下文语境的情况下的深层次的语用考查，也就是说考查学生的灵活运用语法知识的能力。
考点二、
英语中主从复合句的时态原则上要保持一致：如果主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时，如果主句是现在时，从句可根据需要选择适当的时态。
考点三、
当主句是一般将来时，时间、条件、让步等状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，或用现在完成时表示将来完成。
考点四、
注意在下列结构或句型中应该现在什么时态： It（This ／That）is the first time（that）…;
It（This ／That）is the only ／the first ／the best…（that）…
考点五、
注意现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
Someone has phoned you.(打了电话) Someone has been
phoning you.(一直在打电话)
I've read the novel.(已读完)
I've been reading the novel.(还没读完)
基本用法：
英语时态有16种，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。
1、一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on
Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every
morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The geography teacher told
us the earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much. Ann
Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
5）表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong
seem等。如：
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
6）在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if
引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表"意愿"，但不表示时态。
译：不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。________________________________________
Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.
译：如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。______________________________________.
If time allows, we shall go there
tomorrow.
译：如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
_______________________________________________________________
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my
family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
高考题点击：AB
1. --- Can I join the club, Dad?
--- You
can when you _____ a bit older. (94 N)
A.
get
B. will get
C. are getting D. will have
got
2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have
to be watered if they _____. (2001上海)
A. have
survived B.
are to
survive
C. would survive D. will survive
2 一般过去时的用法
表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in
1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything
else? I
wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
高考题点击：BBD
1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.
--- But
she
_____!
A.
promises
B. promised
C. will
promise
D. had promised
2. My uncle _____ until he was forty-five.
A.
married
B. didn’t
marry
C. was not
marrying
D. would marry
3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you
like it?
--- I’m sorry I _______ anything about it
sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t
saying
B. don’t
say
C. won’t
say
D. didn’t say
3. 一般将来时
表示将来的动作或状态。
1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
译：我先读哪一段呢？______________________________________
Which paragraph shall I read first？
译：今晚七点回家好吗？____________________________________
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
注意：
一般将来时表示一种倾向或推测：
Flowers
will die without water.
没有水花会枯死的。
Water will change into ice at 0℃.
水在零摄氏度就会结冰
2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5）与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用,主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
译:他一到我就通知你。____________________________________________________.
I'll let you know as soon as he arrives.
译：除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。_____________________________.
We shall go unless it rains.
6). 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,
return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
注意容易混淆的时态：
①.将来完成时
1） 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
2）动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
明天此时，你已经到达上海了
② 将来进行时 表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：
By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.
明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。
4.现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have
（has） +过去分词。
现在完成时考点分析：
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over
the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②用于现在完成时的句型
It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句
This(That / It)is the first(second...)time that + 完成时
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him
sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I’ve (ever)
seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory
better.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
注意： 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just
now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already,
recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work,
study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get
married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in
1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
典型例题 BD
(1) --- Do you know our town at all?
--- No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A.
was
B. have
been
C.
came
D. am coming
(2) --- Have you ____ been to our town before?
--- No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even,
come
B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
5.过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去某一段时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
2） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had
+过去分词构成。
那时以前
那时 现在
3） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard,
thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon
as。
注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it..
综合训练：高考题点击 BDDACDCBBADDDD
1. Months
ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ___
the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）
A．was called
B．is called C．had been
called D．has been called
2. I _____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play
since the new year. (2001
N)
A. will
play
B. have
played
C.
played
D. play
3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped
ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
（05湖南卷）
A.
phone
B. will
phone
C. were
phoning
D. are phoning
4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task
because technology _____ so rapidly.
A. is
changing
B. has
changed
C. will have
changed
D. will change
5. _____ my sister three times today but her line was always
busy. （05北京春季）
A. I’d phoned
B. I’ve been
phoning C. I’ve phoned
D. I was phoning
6. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?
--- _____. How I wish to go
there! (98 N)
A. Yes, I
have
B. Yes, I
haven’t
C. No, I
have
D. No, I haven’t
7. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--- I am tired. I _____ the living room all
day. (98 N)
A.
painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to
school, but she hasn’t decided yet.（04北京）
A had
considered
B has been considering
C
considered
D is going to consider
9. Visitors ________not to touch the
exhibits.(NMET 2001)
A. will
request
B. are
requested
C. are
requesting
D. request
10. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task
because technology _____ so rapidly.(2001)
A. is
changing
B. has
changed
C. will have
changed
D. will change
11. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we're
ready to start.（2000年春季高考）
A.
completed
B. complete C. had been
completed D.
have been completed
12.My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I
_________ half of it.
A. was
missing
B. had missed
C. will
miss
D. missed
13.The discussion _________ alive when an interesting topic was
brought in.
A. was
coming
B. had
come
C. has
come
D. came
14.---I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her
holiday.
---Oh, how nice! Do you know when
she
?
A. was
leaving B.
had
left
C. has
left
D. left
6.将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
1） 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
译：到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。____________________________
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
2） 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。
译：明天此时，你已经到达上海了 ________________________________
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
7.现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
翻译：
叶子在变红。_____________________________
The leaves are turning red.
翻译：天越来越热了。___________________________
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever
等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
8. 过去进行时
1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt
himself.
他们离开车站时，正下着雨。__________________________
It was raining when they left the station.
我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。______________________________
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
高考题点击：BB
1. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____
asleep.
A. read/ was falling B. was reading
/fell C. was reading/ was
falling D.
read/ fell
2. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without
undressing. （05安徽卷）
A. was
laying
B. was
lying
C. had
laid
D. had lied
9. 将来进行时
1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
She'll be coming soon.
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.
2）常用的时间状语
tomorrow, on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days,
tomorrow evening
例如：By this time tomorrow, I'll be flying across the ocean.
被动语态考查要点简述
被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。
被动语态与非谓语动词:
被动语态很难成为独立的考点，通常只能和时态或非谓语动词联合考查。因此，讲被动语态不能不提到非谓语动词。从时间的角度讲，-ing形式和
–ed形式可称为现在分词和过去分词，而从语态的角度讲，-ing形式和 –ed形式则可称为主动分词和被动分词。
主动的形式表被动的意义:
在英语中，有些特殊结构可以是主动的形式表达被动的意义。
其一，在动词need, want, require等动词之后，可接-ing形式表被动的意义。The bicycle
requires repairing. (=to be repaired)
其二，在句型 It is worth doing中，-ing形式表被动之意。例如：This film is worth
seeing.
其三，在形容词easy, hard, difficult, good, nice, pleasant, interesting,
fit等之后，其动词不定式主动表被动。例如：The water here is fit to drink.
其四，有些动词的主动形式表被动意义。例如：let, write, wear, run, begin, shut, read,
sell, wash, record, open等动词是以不及物而表被动。
The new book of the former president of America Bill Clinton
sells very well.
Your pen really writes smoothly.
典型题例1：---What do you think of the book?
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth_____a second time. (MET1989，26)
A. to read B. to be
read C.
reading D.
being read (答案：C)
被动语态与部分动词和短语:
在英语中，有些动词永无被动语态，而这一点是中国学生最感不能接受的。例如：happen, remain, break out,
take place, occur等。
另外，几个知觉类的联系动词亦无被动语态，即：look, feel, sound, smell, taste等。Tasting
nice, the fruit is from Viet Name. (不能用tasted)A fire broke out in
the factory where he once worked. （不用was broken out）
主动形式表被动意义:
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示"开始、结束、关、停、转、启动"等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
The door won't lock.门锁不上。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
② want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
③be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
④在"be + 形容词 + to do"中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.
The girl isn't easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
①be seated坐着
He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a
bench.）坐在凳子上。
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the
door.)他藏在门后。
③be lost迷路 ④be
drunk喝醉
⑤be dressed穿着
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)
The book is well sold.(系表结构)
二、高考题点击：DCABDBCA
1. I need one more stamp before my collection
_____. (94 N)
A. has
completed
B. completes
C. has been
completed
D. is completed2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by
the hour. (98 N)
A.
pay
B.
paying
C.
paid
D. to pay
3. Books of this kind _____ well. (99 上海)
A.
sell
B.
sells
C. are
sold
D. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory
closes. (01 北京春)
A.
lose
B. will be lost C. are
lost
D. will lose
5. A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next
month. (2001 北京春季)
A. will be
built
B. is
built
C. has been
built
D. is being built6. The new suspension bridge _____ by the end of
last month. (2001上海)
A. has been
designed
B. had been designed
C. was
designed
D. would be designed
7. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _____ trying to
save a child in the earthquake.
(2002京春)
A. killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
8. I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child.
(2002上海)
A. is to
blame
B. is going to
blame
C. is to be
blamed
D. should blame
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