2014届中考英语精讲复习：动词的语态(要点提示+专项专练).doc

动词的语态 ‎【要点提示】‎ 概念：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。‎ 种类：英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。‎ 考查热点：中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”，通过变化助动词be体现时态。‎ 初中阶段需要掌握的被动语态如下：‎ 一般现在时 am / is / are + 过去分词 一般过去时 was / were + 过去分词 一般将来时 will / shall be + 过去分词 情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 现在完成时 have / has been + 过去分词 ‎【拓展】‎ ‎1． 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时，可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语，也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand等；常用for的动词有borrow, make, buy等。‎ ‎2． 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补”这种含复合宾语的结构，变被动语态时只能“宾作主”‎ ‎，而宾补不变。其中，make / hear (watch, see ...) sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时为“sb. + be的适当形式 + made / heard (watched, seen ...) to do sth.”。‎ ‎3． 短语动词的被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。 ‎ 根据近几年对语态考查的分析，编了这样几句口诀：时态一，语态二，宾变主，主变宾，by短语，后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后添“过分”。‎ ‎【专项练习】‎ Ⅰ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。‎ ‎( )1. —Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?‎ ‎—No, I ____________.‎ A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ‎( )2. The letter ____________in Japanese. I can’t read it.‎ A. is writing B. is written C. wrote D. writes ‎( )3. —Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.‎ ‎—I’m sorry, but I _______________when to meet.‎ A. am not told B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told ‎( )4. Today computers _______________in both cities and towns.‎ A. were using B. are used C. were used D. are using ‎( )5. A new supermarket _____________in my home town next month.‎ A. will built B. will be built C. is built D. builds ‎( )6. —Alice, you ______________on the phone.‎ ‎—I’m coming. Thanks.‎ A. want B. are wanted ‎ C. were wanted D. have wanted ‎( )7. Personal computers ____________ in 1976. They have changed the whole world.‎ A. have been invented B. are invented ‎ C. were invented D. will be invented ‎( )8. —Your skirt is nice and looks different from other girls’.‎ ‎—Thanks. My mother ____________ it last month. ‎ A. was made B. has made C. has been made D. made ‎( )9. I know she won’t come to join us unless she __________ to.‎ A. tells B. will be told ‎ C. is told D. was told ‎( )10. James is my friend. He __________ Jim for short.‎ A. calls B. is called C. called D. is calling ‎( )11. English ____________ in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America and Britain.‎ A. speaks B. is speaking ‎ C. is spoken D. spoke ‎( )12. The window ___________ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now. ‎ A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaned D. will clean ‎( )13. Today I can’t go to work. My sick mother should __________. ‎ A. be taken good care B. be taken good care of ‎ C. take good care D. take good care of ‎( )14. —I ___________ your recorder. It works now.‎ ‎—Thank you very much.‎ A. have been repaired B. will repair ‎ C. have repaired D. was repaired ‎( )15. We’ll have three days off if the work ________ today. ‎ A. finishes B. can finish ‎ C. was finished D. can be finished ‎( )16. —How often___________ your school sports meeting ________?‎ ‎—Once a year.‎ A. were, held B. are, held ‎ C. was, held D. is, held ‎( )17. The watch I lost yesterday__________ in my drawer.‎ A. has found B. found ‎ C. has been found D. had been found ‎( )18. More trees must___________ in North China every year to stop the wind.‎ A. be planted B. plant ‎ C. planted D. are planted ‎( )19. Traditional Beijing opera__________ to the music courses in middle school in the future.‎ A. will add B. will be added ‎ C. adds D. was added ‎( )20. In our school, the books from the library within two weeks.‎ A. return B. must return ‎ C. will return D. must be returned ‎( )21. —This picture___________ to a museum in New York in 2008. ‎ ‎—Yes, it cost a lot.‎ A. has been sold B. will be sold ‎ C. is sold D. was sold ‎( )22. The children _____________not to smoke.‎ A. are told B. told ‎ C. tell D. are telling ‎( )23. A lot of tall buildings ____________ near our house so far.‎ A. have been built B. are built ‎ C. have built D. were built ‎( )24. Jim doesn’t have to be made_________. He always works hard.‎ A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning ‎( )25. —What was the result of the football match?‎ ‎—Bad luck. Our team_____________.‎ A. beat B. won ‎ C. was beaten D. has won Ⅱ. 请将主动语与被动语态互换，每空一词。‎ ‎1. Chinese is spoken by more and more foreigners now.‎ ‎_________ __________ _________ __________ ________ _______now.‎ ‎2. The twins ate up all the bananas on the plate.‎ All the bananas on the plate_________ __________ up by the twins.‎ ‎3. We must finish the work in two hours. ‎ The work ___________ __________ ___________ in two hours. ‎ ‎4. Thousands of houses in that area were destroyed by the earthquake.‎ ‎_________ __________ _________ __________ ________ ________in that area.‎ ‎5. Beijing has hosted the 29th Olympic Games successfully.‎ The 29th Olympic Games __________ ____________ __________ successfully by Beijing.‎ ‎6. The girl copies a poem every week. ‎ A poem _____________ ____________ by the girl every week.‎ ‎7. The classroom should be cleaned by the students every day.‎ The students ___________ ___________ __________ ___________ every day.‎ ‎8. My father gave my cousin a nice gift on her birthday.‎ A nice gift ___________ ____________ ___________my cousin by my father on her birthday.‎ ‎9. All the people in the room laughed at him because of his new hairstyle. ‎ He ___________ _____________ ___________ ______________ all the people in the room because of his new hairstyle. ‎ ‎10. I heard a boy cry in the next room just now.‎ A boy ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ in the next room just now.‎ Ⅲ. 请根据句意及所给词，用其正确语态填空。‎ ‎1. The kitchen _____________ (clean) every day by my mother.‎ ‎2. Lily’s sister ___________ (make) breakfast for herself every morning.‎ ‎3. Many songs __________ (sound) very beautiful.‎ ‎4. Sometimes the best and most beautiful things in the world can not _____________(see), but can_____________ (feel).‎ ‎5. Things should__________ (keep) here before you enter the Water ‎ Cube.‎ ‎6. Those students _____________ (ask) to speak at the meeting tomorrow.‎ ‎7. The window of the classroom __________ (break) by Mike yesterday.‎ ‎8. How do you make your room____________ (look) nice?‎ ‎9. A book must___________(read) more than once if you want to understand it better.‎ ‎10. Where to build the new hospital ___________ (not decide) yet.‎ 参考答案 动词的语态专项练习 Ⅰ. 1-5 BBDBB 6-10 BCDCB 11-15 CCBCD ‎ 16-20 DCABD 21-25 DAABC Ⅱ. 1. More and more foreigners speak Chinese 2. were eaten ‎ ‎ 3. must be finished ‎ ‎ 4. The earthquake destroyed thousands of houses ‎ ‎ 5. has / have been hosted 6. is copied ‎ ‎ 7. should clean the classroom 8. was given to ‎ ‎ 9. was laughed at by 10. was heard to cry Ⅲ. 1. is cleaned 2. makes 3. sound 4. be seen, be felt 5. be kept ‎ 6. will be asked 7. was broken 8. look 9. be read ‎ ‎ 10. hasn’t been decided