Unit 1 Great scientists
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.scientific adj. 科学的
2.positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
3.attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4.cure vt.&n. 治愈；痊愈；治疗
5.absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
6.suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
7.blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
8.handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
9.expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
10.cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；警告
11.pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
12.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．说明；传授→instructions (pl.)用法说明；操作指南
13.conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
14.contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿→contribution n．贡献
15.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
16.challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.They didn’t draw a conclusion until carrying out lots of scientific (science) experiments.
2.You must read the instructions (instruct) before taking the medicine.
3.It was concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
4.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund.All the contributions will be gratefully received.(contribute)
5.The river is polluted and noise is another kind of serious pollution here.(pollute)
6.Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The announcement of their marriage would appear in
1.ic后缀形容词面面观
①scientific 科学的
②enthusiastic 热情的
③energetic 精力充沛的
④dramatic 戏剧(性)的
⑤sympathetic 同情的
⑥romantic 浪漫的
2.“观点；态度”的高频形容词
①positive 积极的
②negative 消极的
③subjective 主观的
④objective 客观的
⑤neutral 中立的
⑥critical 批评的
⑦doubtful 怀疑的
⑧approving 满意的
3.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达
①attend (to/on/upon) sb.
②care for sb.
③take care of sb.
④look after sb.
4.名词用作动词的高频词汇集锦
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17.announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员
18.construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
19.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n．热情；热心
20.responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任；负责
the local newspaper next week.(announce)
7.The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers.It will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
8.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge.Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)
①handle n．把手→vt.处理
②nurse n．护士→vt.护理；照顾
③face n．脸→vt.面对
④head n．头→vi.前往……
⑤address n．地址；住处→vt.
在……写上地址；对……发表演说
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.put_forward 提出
2.draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
3.expose_...to 使显露；暴露
4.link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来
5.apart_from 除……之外；此外
6.make_sense 讲得通；有意义
7.(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的
8.be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备
9.look_into 调查
10.lead_to 导致；通向
11.be_determined_to_do_sth.
决定做某事
12.slow_down 慢下来
选用左栏短语填空
1.Recently a number of official crimes have been looked_into by our government.
2.Plans have been put_forward to pull down the old buildings and rebuild the area.
3.I think that it is I rather than my sister that am_to_blame_ for what has happened.
4.Don’t waste time thinking about a sentence which doesn’t make_sense.
5.Eating too much fat
1.draw短语全接触
①draw a conclusion 得出结论
②draw one’s eye 吸引某人的眼光
③draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
④draw near/closer 靠近；接近
⑤draw up 起草
2.由link ... to ...联想到的
①connect ...with ...
把……和……连接起来
②tie ...to ... 把……拴到……
③mix ...with ... 把……和……混合起来
④combine ...with ...
把……和……结合起来
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can lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
neither ...nor ...意为
“既不……也不……”。连接两个并列的句子成分。
老师和他的学生们都没有碰到过这么难的一个问题。
Neither_the_teacher_nor_his_students have come across such a difficult problem.
2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
every time “每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。
每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。
Every_time_I_went_to_see_her,_she was absorbed in her research work.
3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。
只有我们与他人相处得好，才能创造和谐的人际关系，这对我们的学习和生活都大有好处。(2014·江西高考书面表达)
Only if we get along well with others can_we_create harmonious interpersonal relationship, which is of great benefit to our study as well as life.
1．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
[经典例句] He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.(牛津P342)
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
(1)conclude (从……中)推断出……
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conclude sth. 以……结束……
to conclude 最后
(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之
①He concluded_his_speech_with a famous saying: no pains, no gains.
他以一句名言“不劳无获”结束他的演讲。
②I’ve come to the conclusion (conclude) that he’s not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
③In conclusion, good interpersonal skills are a must for our future social life.(2014·重庆高考写作)
总之，良好的人际技能对我们未来的社会生活是必需的。
2．attend vt.出席；参加；照顾 vi.专心；留意
[教材原句] John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。
attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church
参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜
attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾
①Jane can’t attend_the_meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.(2015·天津高考单选)
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议，因为那个时候她正在授课。
②I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to_attend_to.
今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。
3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[教材原句] The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
自来水公司接到指示：不得使人们再受污水的影响。
(1)expose ... to ... 使……暴露于/面临/遭受……
(be) exposed to ... 暴露于……；处于……危险中
(2)expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事
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(3)expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物；使某人面临/遭受某事
①Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight, or you’ll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。
②It is generally believed that being_exposed (expose) to radiation is rather dangerous.
普遍认为暴露在辐射环境里会很危险。
③Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books, net and magazines.
当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍、网络和杂志。
[名师指津] 在expose ...to ...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词。
4．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备
[教材原句] It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
(1)blame sb.for sth. 因某事而责备某人
blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame (for ...) 应承担(……)责任；该(因……)受责备
(用主动形式表示被动意义)
对……负责
①Instead_of_blaming_each_other,_we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.(2012·江苏高考书面表达)
我们应该多交流，换位思考而不是相互责怪。
②Don’t always blame your own failure on others. You should take the blame for failure.
不要总把失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败负责。
③In my view, Li Hua, who broke the school rule, was to_blame (blame)．
我认为，李华违反了学校的规定，应受到责备。
5．contribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
[高考佳句] Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.(2014·湖北高考短文写作)
把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
(1)contribute sth.to ... 把某物捐献给……
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contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿
(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿
make a contribution/contributions to 对……作出贡献
①If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please send me your article before the deadline.(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
如果你想往我们报纸上投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。
②Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions (contribute) to the class.(上海高考写作)
参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好机会，并对班级作出贡献。
[联想发散] 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有哪些？
cause,_lead_to,_result_in,_bring_about等。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①Not knowing what was wrong with his car, Martin decided to send for an experienced man to_handle (handle) the problem.
②It is so challenging (challenge) a job that I can’t finish it on my own.
③Mark is a(n) cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.
④(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to_attend (attend) a summer school during the vacation.
⑤Although this medicine can cure you of your illness, it has a bad effect on you.
⑥People actively contributed money to the poor and kind mother.
2．一句多译
(1)如果年轻人每天都处于嘈杂的音乐的影响中，他们很可能有变聋的危险。
①Young people may risk going deaf if they_are_exposed_to very loud music every day.
②If exposed_to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf.(省略句)
(2)汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。
①Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.
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②So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(用so ... that ...的倒装句)
③Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用过去分词短语作状语)
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．conclude多棱镜
(1)单句语法填空
①We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion (conclude)．
②John said he could conclude from Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.
(2)高考小作文
③我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。(2014·山东高考写作)
I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences that where there is a will there is a way.
2．blame面面观
单句语法填空
①It was the boy, rather than his teachers, that was to_blame (blame) for what the boy had done.
②Blamed (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
③Whenever he didn’t perform well in his studies, he would blame his failure on carelessness.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出动词absorb的词义
1．Completely absorbed in her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.__C__
2．Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis.__A__
3．I haven’t really had time to absorb everything that he said.__D__
4．Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.__B__
1．put forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[教材原句] Who put forward a theory about black holes?
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谁提出的黑洞理论？
[一词多义] 写出下列句中put forward的含义
①As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an edictionary.提出
②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate.推荐
③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.拨快
④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put out 熄灭；生产
put down 写下；记下
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
⑤Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。
2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
[教材原句] Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
common sense 常识
There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
①See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t make__sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.(2015·天津高考单选)
瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。
②What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make_sense__of it.
她所讲的话如此令人费解，他们搞不明白她是什么意思。
③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner
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or later.
你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。
3．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
(1)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
①To be honest, I have neither time nor money for the ball.
诚实地说，我既没有时间也没有金钱参加舞会。
②Last night neither my wife nor my parents were (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
昨天晚上我妻子和我父母都没能说服我女儿改变主意。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either ... or ... 不是……就是……
not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……
not ... but ... 不是……而是……
③As is known to all, not only the nurses but also the doctor is (be) very kind to the patients.
众所周知，护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。
④Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
4．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当……”。
①I think of the happy hours we spent together every_time_I_see_these_photos.
每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：
(1)由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等。
(2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute， the instant， the second， the moment等，意为“一……就……”。
②The_first_time_he_came_to_the_city,_he decided to settle there.
他第一次来到那个城市，他就决定在那里安家。
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③The_moment_the_famous_pop_star_got_out_of_the_airport,_he was surrounded by his fans.
这位著名的歌星一出机场，就被歌迷们围了起来。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
①Generally speaking, parents like the teachers who are strict with their children.
②Apart from good service the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
③Can you make sense of what this American is saying?
④His careless driving led to the serious traffic accident.
⑤In the company, pay increases are_linked (link) to performance.
⑥Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others (你才会与他人保持良好的关系)．
⑦Next_time_you_come_to_Beijing (你下次来北京的时候), be sure to let me know in advance.
⑧Every/Each_time_they_went_dancing (每次他们去跳舞), they ended up in a bad mood.
2．运用所学短语完成下列语段
Born in Warsaw Poland, Madame Curie went to ①attend_college (上大学) in Paris as a young lady, where she met her husband Pierre Curie. They ②were_absorbed_in (全神贯注于) the research into radioactive matter, which ③contributed_to (导致) the discovery of radium and polonium. Meanwhile, they ④put_forward (提出) some new theories about radioactivity. In 1903, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Madame Curie ⑤made_great_contributions_to (对……作出重大贡献) the development of science, but money and reputation ⑥made_no_sense (没意义) to her.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．put短语点点练
介、副词填空
①(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ单选)It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is put forward,_we’ll make do with it.
②Tom, could you please put away your toys and books? They are everywhere.
③Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
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④(2012·全国卷Ⅰ单选)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says.
2．neither ... nor ...面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Neither he nor his parents like (like) the new TV series. They all think it boring.
②Not the passengers but the driver was (be) to blame.It was the driver’s fault.
(2)句型转换(每空一词)
③Henry won’t see a film tonight. His girlfriend Helen won’t, either.
→Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight.
④My parents are very strict with me; the teacher is very strict with me, too.
→Not only my parents but also the teacher is very strict with me.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—Will you be able to receive the guests from Germany?
—I am afraid not. I will_be_attending (attend) an important meeting then.
2．Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not handled (handle) properly, may contribute to spreading diseases.
3．Your face will get burnt if exposed (expose) to the sunlight for a long time.
4．Keeping prices from going up too sharply is a challenge to China as well as the whole world.
5．Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and there is still no cure for it.
6．I wonder why Ann didn’t get offered (offer) the job. She is the right person for it.
7．The army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty defeating (defeat) the enemy.
8．The construction (construct) work of the theatre is supposed to be completed within the year.
9．Absorbed (absorb) in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
10．The prime minister is making an important announcement (announce) at the
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moment.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.去掉a
2．I always have so many things to attend when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.attend后加to
3．Absorbing in the book she was reading, Mary didn’t notice me approaching.
Absorbing→Absorbed
4．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result.is→are
5．He was struck by the beauty for the first time he visited Guilin.去掉for
6．The teacher cured him his bad habits and he made great progress in English.him后加of
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
In a long history, scientists have made_great_contributions_to (对……作出巨大贡献) the world. ①As far as I’m concerned, scientists are_strict_in_their_work (对工作严格要求). ②They are buried in everything they do. Scientists are_very_cautious_of (对……非常谨慎) every conclusion they draw. He does experiment again and again to test the theory he has put_forward (提出). Scientists keep it in mind that a theory makes_no_sense/doesn’t_make_sense (没意义) if it can’t benefit the world that is_exposed_to (暴露于) unexpected dangers.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语
(1)are buried in→are_absorbed_in
(2)benefit→contribute_to
2．按要求改写句式
把句①、句②合并成一个并列句，并升级为定语从句
As far as I’m concerned, scientists are those who_are_strict_in_their_work_and_are
_always_absorbed_in_everything_they_do.
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