Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.alternative n． 可能的选择
adj. 供选择的；其他的
2.interrupt vt.& vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
3.somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
4.arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引
n. 逮捕；拘留
5.assume vt.假定；设想→assuming prep.假设→assumption n．设想；假定；担任
6.accelerate vi.&vt.加速；促进→acceleration n．加速度
7.sharpen vi.&vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp adj.锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener n．磨具；削具
8.messy adj.凌乱的；脏的→mess n．凌乱；脏
9.applaud vi.&vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→_applause n．鼓掌
10.skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的→skill n．技能；技巧
11.starvation n．挨饿；饿死→starve vi.挨饿；饿死
12.analysis n．分析→analyses pl.→analyse vt.分析
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I have been so busy that I have no time to clear up the place which is so messy (mess)．
2.For a very long time, people always have been trying to find out the significance (significant) of life.
3.The river forms the division (divide) between the old and new parts of the city.
4.The old man was starved to death. People felt pity for his starvation. (starve)
5.The boy needs a pencil sharpener to sharpen his pencil, because the sharpener
1.somehow相关单词一览
①somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地；不知为什么
②anyhow adv. 无论如何
③anyway adv. 无论如何；不管怎样
④somewhat adv. 有点儿；有几分；颇为
2.分词用作介词或连词小结
①assuming 假设；假定
②considering 鉴于；考虑到
③including 包含；包括
④supposing 假设；假如
⑤provided/providing 假设；如果
⑥concerning 关于
⑦given 鉴于；考虑到
3.en构成的动词集锦
①sharp→sharpen 磨快；使敏捷
②ripe→ripen 变成熟
③short→shorten 变短；缩短
④wide→widen (使)变宽
⑤deep→deepen 使变深
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13.significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的
14.division n．分割；划分；分配；分界线→divide v．分割；划分；分配
15.accuracy n．精确；准确→accurate adj.准确的；精确的→accurately adv.准确地；精确地
16.identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别→identification n．辨认；鉴定
he has isn’t sharp.(sharpen)
6.While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the accuracy. You must measure the length accurately in order to get the accurate number.(accurate)
7.It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption.(assume)
⑥strong→strengthen 加强
⑦fright→frighten (使)惊吓
⑧dark→darken 使变暗
⑨hard→harden 使变硬
⑩loose→loosen (使)变松
[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.regardless_of 不管；不顾
2.at_most 至多；最多
3.cut_up 切碎；伤心
4.fed_up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
5.look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算
6.date_from/back_to 追溯到……
7.keep_out 关在门外；不准入内
8.be_aware_of 知道
9.scare_away 把……吓跑
10.applaud_one’s_choice
选用左栏短语填空
1.A new engine would cost, at_most,_two thousand dollars.
2.If only I had_looked_ahead a few days ago! Then I wouldn’t have been feeling so worried now.
3.Regardless_of what it costs, we must take every measure to save the old man’s life.
4.—Tony, why are your eyes red？
1.at most相关短语荟萃
①at most 至多
②at least 至少
③not in the least 一点也不
④least of all 最不；尤其不
⑤last but not least 最后但同等重要的是
2.无被动语态的动词短语聚焦
①date from/back to 追溯到
②belong to 属于
③consist of
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为某人的抉择喝彩
—I have been cutting_up peppers for the last five minutes.
5.Having been fed_up_with sandstorm every spring for four years, I am totally disappointed by the life here and determined to flee the city.
由……组成
④come true 变成现实
⑤take place 发生
⑥break out 爆发
[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
句中as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”。
正如古训所说“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ单选)
“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” as_the_old_saying_goes.
2.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
此句用了虚拟语气。if only ...意为“要是……就好了”。
今年春节全家能团圆就好了！
If_only the whole family could_be_united during the Spring Festival this year！
3.Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
only to do sth.“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况。
他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，不料却被告知他们被开除了。
They reached the company
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她突然坐了下来，结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
out of breath only_to_be_told they were fired.
1．alternative adj.供选择的；其他的n.可能的选择；选择对象
[经典例句] You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.(牛津P56)
你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
there’s no alternative ... ……别无选择
an alternative to ... ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
①In order to succeed, we have no alternative but to_face (face) failure bravely and learn from it.(2014·福建高考书面表达)
为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
②The manager said that they had_an_alternative_plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.
经理说如果他们递交的计划不被接受，他们还有另外一个计划。
[联想发散] 完成下列“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式。
①have no choice but to_do_sth.
②can’t do sth. but do_sth.
③can do nothing but do_sth.
2．interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
[教材原句] I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
对不起，打断了你的讲话，但他们怎么会住在这儿呢？
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事
(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物
without interruption 连续地；不断地
①You shouldn’t have_interrupted (interrupt) the meeting to tell me that; you
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could have come to tell me afterwards.(2014·湖北高考完成句子)
你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。
②They were_interrupted (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.
他们被突然而急促的敲门声打断了。
③Heavy smog and fog continued to hit many parts of east and north China on Thursday, causing traffic interruptions (interrupt)．
周四，浓厚的烟雾持续袭击中国东部和北部的许多地区，造成交通中断。
3．assume vt.假定；设想
[教材原句] So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that ... 据认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that ... 假定……
(3)assume/assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……
①It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.
一般认为，紧张是工作过多所致。
②Assume/Assuming (assume) that our plan is turned down, what shall we do?
假定我们的计划被拒绝了，我们该怎么办？
4．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
[经典例句] The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.(牛津P1866)
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。
(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to ...
对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to 认为……(很)重要
(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的
It is significant that ... 很明显……
①I firmly believe that the more we are aware of the significance (significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and
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job.(2014·山东高考满分作文)
我坚信我们越多地了解这个名言的意义，我们在日常学习和工作中就会获益越多。
②The_most_significant_thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.(2014·四川高考书面表达)
你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。
[联想发散] 常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：
①be of significance＝be significant
②be of importance＝be important
③be of value＝be valuable
④be of help＝be helpful
⑤be of use＝be useful
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空/补全句子
①If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but to_meet (meet) an even greater challenge.
②Electricity was_interrupted (interrupt) in the course of work, so we didn’t finish it on time.
③The new method caught on and many peasants became very skillful (skill) at it.
④The reference book I bought yesterday is of great significance to your history.
⑤We must take measures to accelerate_the_rate_of_economic_growth (加速经济增长)．
⑥We applaud_him_for (因……而称赞他) having the courage to take life by the horns.
2．一句多译
前年建起的这个工厂对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。
①The factory set up the year before is_very_significant_to this area’s economy.
②The factory set up the year before is_of_great_significance_to this area’s economy.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
assume多棱镜
(1)用assume的适当形式填空
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①We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon — assuming (assume) that other students agree.
②A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
③It is_assumed (assume) that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
(2)一句多译(每空一词)
据我所知，许多人认为他是正确的。
④As far as I know, a great many people assume him to be right.
⑤As far as I know, a great many people assume that he is right.
⑥As far as I know, a great many people make the assumption that he is right.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出arrest的词性和词义
(A)vt.吸引(注意) (B)n.逮捕；拘留
(C)vt.逮捕；拘留 (D)vt.抑制；阻止
1．The escaped prisoner got arrested immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.__C__
2．Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her.__A__
3．(2014·江苏高考单选)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year’s election.__B__
4．The treatment arrested the growth of the disease.__D__
1．regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)
[高考佳句] Our club is open to everyone regardless of age, sex or educational background.(2014·福建高考单选)
我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。
(1)regardless of强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可接whether， what引导的从句
(2)despite/in spite of意为“尽管……但是……”，其后一般不接从句
①Our goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable regardless_of his financial situation.
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我们的目标是为每一个愿意和有能力接受高等教育的人提供可能的机会，而不管其经济状况如何。
②Despite/In_spite_of the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.
尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到事故地点，实施救援。
2．date back to (＝date from) 追溯到……
[教材原句] All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.
所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址，它们能追溯到3 000至5 000 年前。
①My interest in stamp collecting dates_from/back_to_my_schooldays.
我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。
②According to the expert, the temple has a history dating (date) from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
那个专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。
[名师指津] date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。
3．Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下来，结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
only to do是不定式作结果状语，意为“不料；结果却”，表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。
①I hurried to the post office, only to_find (find) it closed.
我匆匆地赶去邮局，却发现它已经关门了。
②He hurried to the stadium without supper, only to_be_told (tell) the football match he had been looking forward to watching was cancelled.
他没吃晚饭匆忙赶到体育场，结果被告知他一直盼望观看的足球比赛取消了。
[名师指津] 现在分词作结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生)。
③He has got married and settled in Australia, thus leaving (leave) his family in Hong Kong.
他结婚定居在澳洲，因此把他的家人留在了香港。
4．If_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
此句用了虚拟语气。if only ...意为“要是……就好了”。
(1)if only ... could/would/might do ... 表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)
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(2)if only ... did ... 表示对与现在事实相反的愿望
(3)if only ... had done ... 表示对与过去事实相反的愿望
①Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy. If only I had (have) a warm and harmonious family.
父母不停地争吵快把我逼疯了，要是我有一个温暖和睦的家就好了。
②As many as 150 miners died in the accident. If only the mine owners had_paid (pay) enough attention to the safety measures!
多达150名矿工在那次事故中丧生，要是矿主足够关注安全措施就好了！
[名师指津] only if “只要……”，引导条件状语从句，位于句首时主句用部分倒装。
③Only if everyone cares about our environment can_our_earth_not_be_polluted so much.
只有每个人关注我们的环境，我们的地球才不会被污染得那么严重。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①He hurried to the theatre, only to_be_told (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
②Forest elephants, as the name suggests, live in tropical forests and have straight trunks and rounded ears.
③Cut up the meat before you put them into the pot.
④Whenever we are in trouble, we must look ahead and encourage ourselves.
⑤Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower dating (date) back to the eleventh century.
2．高考小作文
①如果你想到什么就说什么，毫不考虑别人的情感，你就会伤害他人。(2014·安徽高考书面表达)
You will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless_of_other_people’s_feelings.
②例如，有时你厌烦所有人时，你最好找个安静的地方，听一些古典音乐。(2014·安徽高考书面表达)
For example, when you_are_fed_up_with_all_the_people sometimes, it is better for you to find a quiet place, listening to some classical music.
3．运用所学短语完成下列语段
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An old tomb was discovered in my hometown. Local people believe it has a history of ①at_most (至多) 200 years. But experts said that it can ②date_from/back_to (追溯到) the Ming Dynasty. Everyone ③has_been_aware_of (已经意识到) its significance. In order to protect the old tomb, local people are ④kept_out (不准入内)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
if only/only if面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Look at the trouble I am in. If only I had_followed (follow) his advice!
②I’m in great need of a smart phone. If only I had (have) enough money to buy an iPhone 6s.
(2)对比翻译
③Only if you are aware of the importance of English can_you_learn_it_well.
只有你意识到英语的重要性你才能学好英语。
④It’s too bad that I failed the math exam. If only I had_worked_hard_at it.
太糟糕了，我数学考试没及格。要是我努力学习它就好了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I am not accustomed to being_interrupted (interrupt) when studying or working, so please remember this and don’t do it again.
2．The significance attached (attach) to a national day is very different from country to country.
3．It was shocking that the mayor was_arrested (arrest) after he took office for less than half a year.
4．If only you had_been (be) more careful! The traffic accident could have been avoided.
5．At night, the temperature would drop sharply (sharpen)．
6．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait (wait)．
7．Assume/Assuming (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do?
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8．The librarians actively collected the books of the world, accelerating (accelerate) the spread of knowledge.
9．—My neck is aching.
—No wonder. You have_been_playing (play) computer games for four hours.
10．He insisted on doing it that way, regardless of our suggestions.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She had almost reached her destination when something arrest her attention.arrest→arrested
2．Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the building, which dated back to as early as 800 years ago.
dated→dates
3．—I didn’t see you at the concert last week. What a pity!
—If only I afforded the time.afforded前加had
4．I’m fed up this weather; it’s time we had some sunshine.
up后加with
5．Which is announced in today’s paper, they have succeeded in solving many problems with the new theory.Which→As
6．Unfortunately, we rushed the fallen old man to hospital, only be told that we were responsible for him.only后加to
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成下列写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
①Li Hua is a student of Senior Grade Three. ②He often says to himself, “ If_only_I_were_a_student_of_Senior_Grade_One (我要是一位高一的学生就好了)．” However (instead/however/besides), he knows he should look_ahead (展望未来) to prepare for the coming 2017 College Entrance Examination, which is very important for him. Tired of doing lots of exercises every day, he is aware that he has to accelerate_his_speed_of_revision (加快复习的速度). He has made up his mind to major in biology in college. His parents not only applaud_his_decision (赞同他的决定), but also give him great encouragement. ③He holds the firm belief that as long as he insists on working hard, he can obtain his goal of becoming a biologist.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词或短语
(1)important→significant
(2)Tired of→Fed_up_with
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2．按要求改写句式
(1)用同位语合并句①、句②
Li Hua, a_student_of_Senior_Grade_Three,_often says to himself, “If only I were a student of Senior Grade One.”
(2)用only if的倒装句式改写句③
He holds the firm belief that only if he insists on working hard, can_he_obtain_his_goal_of_becoming_a_biologist.
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