Module1 Unit 3
学习目标：
1、知识目标：1）学生能够掌握名词、冠词和数词的用法
2）了解Concorde相关知识
2、能力目标：灵活运用本模块的知识点
3、情感目标：了解旅行的相关知识，学会乐于助人
课堂练习:
一、讲解名词
名词的分类
专有名词：姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日大学等
名
词 个体名词（某类人或东西中的个体）
可数名词
普通名词 （有单复数之分） 集体名词（若干个个体组成的集合体）
物质名词（自然物质，食品、饮料等）
（无法分为个体的实物）
不可数名词
抽象名词（情感，学科，概念等）
名词的数
Ⅰ.规则变化
构成方法
例词
在词尾加-s
desk – desks
field – fields
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sea - seas
1. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词后加-es
2. 如词尾是e，只加-s
class - classes
box- boxes
horse - horses
以“辅音+o”结尾的名词，加-es
potato - potatoes
tomato – tomatoes
以“元音+o”结尾的名词，加-s
photo - photos
zoo – zoos
词尾为-f或-fe一般变为-ves
knife – knives
Ⅱ.不规则变化
woman→women man→men tooth→teeth child→children ox→oxen goose→geese
Ⅲ. 单复数同形的单词
fish→fish sheep→sheep
deer →deer Chinese→Chinese
注意：
1. 一般情况下，复合名词的单复数形式在最后一个名词上体现：
a pencil box→pencil boxes
a school bag →school bags
a girl student→girl students
由man或woman构成的复合名词，其形式如下：
a man doctor → two men doctors a woman teacher → two women teachers
2. 有些名词总是以复数形式出现，如 trousers, glasses (眼镜)，它们在表示单个数量时需要借助量词来表示，如:
a pair of trouser, a pair of glasses.
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3. 有些名词表达复数概念，常作为一个整体看待，如police, people。这些单词没有复数形式，但是其后的谓语动词总是复数形式。如：
The police have caught the thief.
警察抓到了那个贼。
Many people have seen the film.
很多人看了这部电影。
IV名词所有格
名词的所有格分两种情况：
1) 有生命的名词
一般采用 n. + ’s 的方式，如：men’s clothes, someone’s bag, today’s newspaper；以-s结尾的复数名词直接加’。如：
the boys’ school bags the teachers’ office the six students’ dormitory
2) 无生命的名词 用 of + n. 的方式表达，如：
the window of the house the end of the week
the gate of our school the square of the city
the capital of our country the wall of the town
the door of the classroom
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二、讲解冠词
泛指单一、每一、任一事物
单数可数名词前一定要用冠词
a/an 指类别
上文提到过的人或事物
特指 被限制性修饰语限定的人或事物
the 说话双方默认的人或事物
世上独一无二色事物
指类别
复数可数名词/不可数名词前
上文提到的人或事物
the 被限制性修饰语限定的人或事物
说话双方默认的人或事物
the 泛指人和事物
零冠词 指类别
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●不定冠词a/an的用法
① 表示某一类中的“一个”
He is a soldier. It isn’t easy to run a country well.
She is an honest woman.
② 表示“每一”
I go to the cinema once a month. We have five English lessons a week.
③ 指某人某物，但并不具体指哪个人或哪个物
A reporter tells us the fact. Lend me a storybook.
④ 表示数量“一”，但概念没有one强烈
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. It is an inch thick.
⑤ 表示“同一”的意思
These shoes are all of a size. The people and army are of a family.
⑥ 在一些固定词组中
have a good time a piece of a lot of a few
have a cold have a rest
●定冠词the的用法
定冠词表示特指, 可以用于可数名词之前,也可用于不可数名词前。
1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物:
This is the house where Luxun once lived.
The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher.
2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物:
Take the medicine.
3)复述上文提过的人或事物:
He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.
4) 由普通名词构成的专有名词：
t he USA the Communist Party the Great wall the Internet
5) 用于独一无二的事物前:
the sun the earth the moon the world
The sun rises in the east. The moon is far smaller than the earth.
The earth goes round the sun.
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6) 在河流、湖泊、山脉等前面：
the Yellow River the Black Sea
7) 表示“某某一家人或某某夫妇”:
the Greens the Browns
8) 用在方位名词前:
in the south, in the west in the north, in the east
9) 定冠词用在形容词前, 表示一类人或东西:
the rich, t he poor, the old, the young, the living
10) (play, like等动词后的 )在乐器名词前加the:
the piano, the violin, the flu, the guitar
11) 在习惯性短语中:
in the morning, in the afternoon go to the theatre
12) 在人或物后有限定性的后置定语:
The man standing by the gate is Li Feng.
13) 代替所有格代词, 表示人体的一部分:
She caught me by the arm. John’s brother took him by the hand.
14) 在世纪、年代名词前加the:
in the 1980s 或 in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代
in the nineteenth century 十九世纪
●零冠词的用法
一般来说，不可数名词和可数名词用复数表述泛指时不用冠词。
1. 在专有名词和不可数名词前:
Canada, Beijing, Lei Feng, Hade Park
2. 在名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时:
this, my, that, those, these, her
3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物:
Horses are useful animals. They are teachers.
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前
Miss Gao Mr Green
5. 在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。
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breakfast, lunch, supper
play football/basketball/volleyball/chess
6. 在物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词, 但后有定语修饰加the:
The desk is made of wood. He is fond of music.
The music of the film is very beautiful.
7. 在不可数名词和专有名词（月份, 星期, 季节等）前不用冠词:
China, Class Three, Sunday, summer
三、讲解数词
基数词（ 数目）
表示数目和顺序
序数词（顺序）
基数词的构成
①1－12,独立成词。
one two three four five six seven
eight nine ten eleven twelve
②13-19,由3－9 + teen构成。
14–fourteen 16–sixteen 17–seventeen 19–nineteen
特殊拼写: 13– thirteen 15–fifteen 18–eighteen
③20－90,以-ty结尾。
20—twenty 30 —thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 60 —sixty 70 —seventy 80 —eighty 90—ninety
④21－99,两位数,十位与个位之间“－”。
21 twenty-one 55 fifty-five 99 ninety-nine
⑤ 101—999，三位数，百位与十位/个位之间加and。
101- one hundred and one 840-eight hundred and forty
⑥ 1，000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，”分开,分别读为thousand , million, billion 。
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6,500,431,729
hundred
Billion million thousand
基数词的用法
① 表示具体数目,hundred, thousand, million不用复数。表示不确定数目,用复数。即hundreds of(数百), thousands of(数千), millions of(数百万)+ 名词复数, 可以用many/several修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
② “几十”的复数形式可以表示：
几十多岁 — in + one’s + 数词复数
年代 — in + the +数词复数
He died in his forties．
In the nineties, most people go to work by bike.
③“基数词+名词” 的合成形容词作定语, 中间有连字符“－”,当中的名词用单数。
a 3- year- old girl a seven- day holiday
④表计量— “基数词+度量单位+形容词”
The classroom is 7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.
⑤表示时刻 (介词用at)
1)顺读法—先时后分,“几点几分”
9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one
2)逆读法—先分后时
a. 表示“几点过几分”,半小时以内, 介词用past, 分钟数+past +钟点数。
10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight
b. 表示“几点差几分”, 半小时以上, 介词用 to, 60减原分钟+ to + (下一个)钟点数。
9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight
3)15分钟：a quarter 30分钟：a half
9:15 a quarter past nine 12:30 half past twelve
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四、练习题
1、Complete the conversation with a, an, the or zero article where
A: I’m really looking forward to (1) ________ summer holiday. We’re taking (2) _______ trip to (3) _______ Paris!
B: How wonderful! It’s (4) _______ interesting and beautiful city. How long will (5) _______ flight A: The flight takes about (6) ______ hour. When we arrive, we will get to our hotel by (7) _______ bus. (8) _______ hotel is right in (9) _______ centre of (10) _______ city, so we can visit all the famous places.
B: Are you planning to visit (11) ________ Louvre Museum?
A: Yes, we are.
2、Underline the correct words.
（1）. Children have to go to school / the school when they are six years old.
（2）. I’m a teacher at school / the school on the corner.
（3）. He’s got a lovely garden. Flowers / The flowers in it are really beautiful.
（4）. Make sure you get to the airport in time / in the time for your plane.
（5）. — How many CDs have you got?
— Only few / a few.
（6）. That’s most / the most interesting news I’ve heard for a long time.
（7）. How long have Whites / the Whites lived here?
3、Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
flight landed ready seat station tour
(1). She had an important meeting that afternoon, so she had to take an earlier ________.
(2). Please take your ________.
(3). Sam went with Jane to the railway ________ to see her off.
(4). It is wonderful to ________ the streets of the city.
(5). Flight KA846 from Hong Kong ________ five minutes ago.
(6). “Please have your tickets ________,” said the ticket officer.
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4、Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box
As long as because of full of
looking forward to make yourself comfortable
(1). They will not arrive on time ____________ the bad weather.
(2). Everyone in China is _____________ seeing their family members during the Spring Festival.
(3). Lie down on your bed and ___________.
(4). The journey was _____________ exciting experiences.
(5). _____________ you can come by six, I will be here.
5.Listen and complete the notes.
London to Sydney
• London – Hong Kong: _______ hour(s)
• Hong Kong – Sydney: _______ hour(s)
• From airport to centre of Hong Kong: ________ hour(s)
• Price of flight: £ _______
• Price of flight and hotel: £ ________
Sydney to London
• Sydney – London: _______ hour(s)
• Price of flight: £ _______
• Price of flight and hotel near airport: £ ________
• From airport to centre of Sydney: ________ kilometres
6.Work in pairs. Look at the notes you have made in Activity 5. Talk about:
☺Which flight takes a longer time?
☺Which flight is more expensive?
7.Read the passage and complete the table.
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Advantage of Concorde
Disadvantage of Concorde
8.Read the passage again and answer the questions.
. How many passengers could Concorde carry?
. Why do many people think Concorde was one of the greatest planes?
. How many hours did Concorde take to fly from London or Paris to New York?
9.Work in pairs. Talk about your recent travel experience. Say:
• how you travelled
• how long the journey took
• how you felt about it
10.Around the world
. When was his plane completed?
.What was the plane like?
.Where did he take off in May 1927?
.Did he succeed at last?
五、小测
1. — What would you like to drink, girls?
— ______, please.
A. Two glass of water C. Two cups of tea
B. Two glass of waters D. Two cups of teas
2. — Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ______?
— Of course. But don’t eat too much.
A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. hamburger
3. _______ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.
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A. Jack and Mike’s B. Jack’s and Mike’s
C. Jack and Mike D. Jack’s and Mike
4. — Look at my stamps.
— They are beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful _______.
A. instruction B. description
C. collection D. expression
5. — Excuse me, where did you get the book?
— I borrowed it from the ______.
A. cinema B. library
C. park D. station
6. — Lily, there is ______ schoolbag near the window. Is it yours?
— Yes, it is. Thank you!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. — Do you know ______ girl in green?
— She is our monitor.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
8. Perhaps the famous football star won’t play _______ football any longer.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
9. This tall building has ______ floors. And Tony lives on the ______ floor.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelfth
10. In this exam, you’re asked to write a composition of about ______.
A. 90-words B. 90-word C. 90 words D. 90 word’s
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