初中英语语法——形容词和副词

形容词和副词 1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语） We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语） (2) 形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词时,形容词放 在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名 词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 2. 副词的用法 1. 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语） Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类： 1)时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。 He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He is never been to Beijing. 2)地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等。 I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. 3)方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容 词加词尾-ly 构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方 式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly,（迅速地） suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow （ 一 般 用 slowly 表示副词）, quick（一般用 quickly 表示副词）, hard, alone, high, straight, wide 等。例如： The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. 4)程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的 程度副词有：much, a little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather（相当；宁 愿）, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly(几乎；差不多）, almost（几乎；差不 多）, deeply, hardly, partly（部分）等。例如： Her pronunciation （发音）is very good. She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you. 5）疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。 常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why 等。例如： How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? 2.副词在句中的位置 1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。 Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. 2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和 be 动词之 后。例如： He usually gets up early. I’ve never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但 enough 作副词用时，通 常放在被修饰词的后面。 It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough. 3.部分常用副词的用法 1) very, much ①这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级， 而 much 用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如： She is a very nice girl I’m feeling much better now.②Much 可以修饰动词，而 very 则不能。例如： I don’t like the idea much. They did not talk much. 2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但 too 用于肯定句，either 用于否定句。（而 also 也表 示也的意思，用于肯定句中，但一般放置于句中） She can dance, and I can dance, too. I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either. 3) already, yet already 一般用于语肯定句，yet 一般用于否定句，而且它们一般都用于完成态， 翻译成已经。 He has already left. Have you heard from him yet? He hasn’t answered yet. 4) so, neither so 和 neither 都可用于倒装句， 但 so 表示肯定，neither 表示否定。 例如： My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I. 3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class. (2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 "极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..."表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.