初中英语知识归纳总结:冠词一、概述冠词是一种虚词,在句子中不重读,本身不能独立使用。在汉语中没有这个词类。在学习冠词时,要注意这种加在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的词表示数量“一”时,与数词的区别;其表示“数量”的意义没有“one”强,这是学习中注意区别的。二、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种:一种是定冠词(the Definite Article);the一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article). a an三、不定冠词的用法a用于辅音音素起首的单词前,an用于元音音素起首的单词前。1、当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或an起介绍作用,如:What is this? It is a bus.Who is she? She is a doctor.2、表示泛指一类人或物A snake is a cold-blood animal.A plane is a machine that can fly.3、表示某一类人或事物的任何一个。如:She is a teacher; That is an apple.There is an elephant in the zoo.4、可用于某些词组,是该词组不可缺少的组成部分。如:a long time a little a fewat a time have a try take a chance5、表示“每一个”的意思。如:three times a day four yuan a dozen6、可用于抽象名词之前,使抽象名词具体化。如:I am quite at a loss;The little child is a joy to his parents.7、用于物质名词之前,使物质名词普通化。如:He drew out a tin of pineapple.They made a fire to get warm.注意:1、不定冠词an用在以元音(不是字母,而是发音)起首的名词或其他以元音起首的词之前,不定冠词a用在以辅音起首的名词或其他以辅音起首的词之前。2、u和h有时在单词中发元音,有时却读作辅音或不发音。如:I have been waiting for an hour.He is an honest young fellow.A hammer is a useful fool.3、英语中有些字母,如f h l m n s x。由于它前头第一个音是元音,所以在单独使用或作缩略词的第一个字母时,应使用“an”,如:There is an “n” in the word “no”.An MP means a member of parliament.一、定冠词的用法定冠词the 有this, that, these, those等意思,用于单数或复数名词前。主要用来特指,使一个或几个事物区别于所有其他同名的事物。1、指前文已经提到过的人或事物。如:I wrote an article. The article was about physics.2、指说话人都知道的人或事物。如:Please close the door before you leave.Let’s go to the classroom.3、名词有定语修饰时,须用定冠词the,表示特指意义。如:The book on the desk is his.The teacher who talked with you is her mother.4、用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun the moon the earth the sky the world5、用在序数词前面表示顺序。如:I live on the fourth floor.My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.6、与其他词连用,构成固定词组。如:on the left in the north in the front of7、在表示乐器名称的名词之前用定冠词。如:the piano the violin8、用在形容词或副词的最高级前面。如:This was the most interesting voyage we had ever had.He is the tallest of us.9、用在形容词前面,表示复数意义的某一类人或事物。如:the rich the poor the young the livingthe new the right the true the beautiful10、在表示江河、山脉、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专用名词之前加定冠词。如:the Changjiang River the Nilethe Alps the Himalayas11、用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。如:the Qin Dynasty the Ming Dynastyin the 50’s the spring period12、和表示姓氏名词的复数形式连用,表示某姓氏一家人或夫妇二人。如:the Lis the Martins二、不用冠词的情况1、除一些特殊情况外,专用名词以及抽象名词和物质名词前不加冠词。如:Man is mortal.Miss Smith came in power at last.2、当名词前已有this, that, my, his, any, every, some, no, those, these等词修饰时或有所有格修饰时,不必加冠词。如:She is my sister.This article you had written is very wonderful.3、在交通工具、学科名称等名词前不加冠词。如:by plane by boat Chinese Physics4、在节日、假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前不加冠词。如:National Day May DayAutumn January5、在一日三餐、体育类等名词前不加冠词。如:He prefers milk and egg for breakfast.He preferred to play football and I’d rather play tennis.6、在唯一的职务、头衔的名词前不加冠词。如:He is elected manager of our company.People elected him president of that country last year.7、在报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志、广告前不加冠词。如:Worker’s MindNotes on the Study of Hong Lou Meng8、在一些固定词组中不加冠词。如:at home by mistake learn by heartat first at last at onceby sea day and night