初中英语知识归纳总结：代词

初中英语知识归纳总结：代词第四课时    代   词（一）一、概述代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。代词的分类：人称代词：表示“我”、“我们”、“你”“你们”、“他、她、它”、“他们”的词叫人称代词；物主代词：表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；反身代词：表示动作反射到执行者本身或用来加强语气的代词；指示代词：表示能替代名词或替代形容词的词；不定代词：表示不指明替代任何特定名词的代词。疑问代词：表示替代人或物且含有疑问语气的代词。二、人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数主格 I we you you he, she, it they宾格 me us you you him, her,it them人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。1、主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作宾语。She gave these books to you and me;You must look after them;2、当并列代词作主语时，I 放在最后。顺序为你，他，我You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.三、物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，有人称和数不清变化形式。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数形容词性 my our your your his, her, its their名词性 mine ours yours yours his, hers,its theirs形容词性物主代词只能作定语修饰名词，如：my watch;  your books ;  their names;名词性物主代词在句中可单独作用，可作主语、宾语和表语，后面不跟名词，英语中说：“我的一位朋友”，要用“a friend of mine”。有些结构中常用the 替代物主代词He had a cold in the head.（the意思是his）My mother took me by the arm. （the意思是her）四、反身代词单数 myself yourself himself; herself; itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves反身代词在句中可以加强语气，用作宾语和同位语。He himself has finished it .（作同位语）He has taught himself Russian for 5 years .（作宾语）I did it mysldf. （加强语气）某些固定结构：by oneself;  fo oneself;  among themselvesThey made the machine all by themselves.He cooked a meal for himself.第五课时    代   词（二）一、指示代词指示代词有：this; that; these; thosethis, these 表示“这”、“这些”，是“近指”。that, those表示“那”、“那些”，是“远指”。注意：在电话用语里面，用this代替自己，that代替对方。如：who’s that?     This is Tom speaking二、不定代词英语中有以下不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no还有由some, any , no every构成的代词。1）both, allboth 是指“两者都”，而all则是指“三者或三者以上都”，如：  Both of us are right.  All of you are good at playing basketball.但all 还可以组成固定短语 all day,  all this,  all the time等2) either, neithereither 是指“两者之中任何一个……“属于部分否定，而neither则是“两者之中一个也不……“属全部否定Either of the books will do. Neither of the answers is right.而either还可出现在否定句子里，可与neither进行句型转换。如：Tom hasn’t been to America, Jim hasn’t, either= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.而neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不……”，构成“neither (nor) +助动词+主语”的句式。Kate isn’t a worker, neither is Meimei.3) little, a little, few, a fewlittle, a little修饰不可数名词； few , a few修饰可数名词；little, few表示否定，“几乎没有”a little, a few表示肯定，相当于some, any.There is a little milk in the glass.There are few students in the classroom, they’re in the reading-room.4) every, eachevery, each都是强调每一个，every 作定语修饰名词。如：The bus comes every five minutes.Each of them may come at a different time.5) some , any6) 由some, any, no, every组成的不定代词something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.三、疑问代词疑问代词用来构成疑问句，一共有五个：who, whom, whose, what, which.