初中英语知识点汇总：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

初中英语知识点汇总：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子的类型（一）教学重点句子的类型：陈述句陈述句（包括肯定的或否定的）用来叙述一项事实。陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。1、陈述句的肯定结构（1）主语与谓语的一致，句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。如：I was having dinner when he came in.He is now working at a bank.①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致，修饰词不影响主语的数：The quality of this kind of bike is poor.There be结构和其他倒装句中，谓语通常放在主语的前面，这时谓语是单数还是复数，要依后面的主语而定，如：There is no milk in the bottle.There are no students iin the classroom.②“one of ……”结构作主语，谓语应该用单数。如：One of the students is absent.Making things is a good activity.What hurt her most is his words.③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词，由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：Susan and Sally like pop music.The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时，主语不受这些词或词组的影响with….   like…  as well as…  together with…  He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词，谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.Either you or I’m wrong.注意：表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。用于数学运算的数字作主语，谓语通常也用单数形式。如：Ten pounds is enough.    Two hours is a long time.2、陈述句的否定形式（1）带有系动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句，只要把not, never加在这些动词后面，就能把肯定句变为否定，no通常否定名词或动名词I’m not a doctor.     I haven’t got a camera.I have never met him before.（2）若谓语是行为动词，前面又没有助动词和情态动词，只要在谓语动词之前加助动词do( does, did ) not就行。I didn’t go to the concert yesterday.He doesn’t speak English（3）no修饰复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。如果no修饰单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：No men are admitted    No man is admitted.（4）表示部分否定的词有：not all, not everything, not everybody, not everywhere, not both, not always.Not everybody enjoys fishing.Not everything goes well.句子的类型（二）教学重点句子的类型：疑问句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，疑问句末尾用问号“？”。疑问句一般分为：一般疑问句；特殊疑问句；选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1、一般疑问句(1) 含有系动词、助动词、情态动词的陈述句改为疑问句：要把这些动词提到主语的前面，句末用问号。Are you a policeman?   Must I go now?(2) 如果谓语是行为动词，它前面又没有任何助动词、情态动词，这时就要用助动词do ( does, did )来构成疑问句。Does he often write to you ?Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday?2、特殊疑问句(1) 特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成，其中一般疑问句又采取倒装或部分倒装的形式。(2) 特殊疑问句的疑问词通常分为疑问代词和疑问副词两种。3、选择疑问句它的结构是“一般疑问句 + or + 一般疑问句“，回答这类问题时要选择其中一种具体进行回答。Is her brother a doctor or a teacher?Her brother a doctor.4、反意疑问句反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略形式的疑问句构成，中间用逗号隔开。通常有两种形式：①陈述句谓语用肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语用否定形式；He is stupid, isn’t he?②陈述句谓语用否定形式 + 疑问句谓语用肯定形式；He doesn’t like sports, does he?(5) 如果陈述部分是主从复合句，那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主语的谓语所用形式一样。You never told us you are the headmaster, did you?注意：① used to用在句中时，也可用usen’t 或usedn’t来引起反意疑问句。He used to swim in winter, didn’t he? =He used to swim in winter, usen’t he?② 当陈述句中的主语为everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one时，疑问部分通常要用they来代替。    Everybody admires him, don’t they?③ 如果陈述句部分已经用了表示否定意义的词，如never, nothing, hardly,那么疑问部分应该使用肯定形式。He never speaks loudly, does he?④ 当陈述句部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something时，疑问部分的主语要用it.Something is wrong with the machine, isn’t it?Everything is in good order, isn’t it?⑤ 祈使句的反意疑问句部分要用shall, will。Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，所以反意疑问句为“shall we?”, let me 和let us表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”，其他行为动词引起的祈使句，反意疑问句都为“will you?”。祈使句的反意疑问句通常只有肯定形式。Let’s go for a walk, shall we?Let’s stop for a rest, will you?⑥ 感叹句的反意疑问句要用“be”的现在时，对人的感叹，用“he”“you”等，对事物的感叹，用“it”，而且疑问部分必须用否定式。What a clever boy, isn’t he?What a wonderful lecture, isn’t it? 句子的类型（三）教学重点句子的类型：祈使句  感叹句祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等，谓语动词一律用原形。句中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号。1、肯定的祈使句(1) 句型：动词原形……（省略主语）。如：Look at these holes!   Please keep the classroom quiet.(2) 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do。Do be quiet.     Do study hard.(3) 祈使句中如果有呼语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开。放在句首或句尾。Come here, Li Ming.2、否定的祈使句(1) 句型：Don’g + 动词原形……Don’t make the same mistake.  Don’t look out of the windows.(2) 祈使句与陈述句的改写祈使句=You must ……Be quiet. = you must be quiet.Don’t make any noise = You mustn’t make any noise.Please + 祈使句 = Will you please ……？Please read after me = Will you please read after me?3、祈使句Let…句型Let作为动词常常用于祈使句，但表达意义不相同Let表示“建议”后面跟第一人称代词作宾语。Let’s go to school together!   Let me try again.Let表示“间接命令或愿望”，后面接第三人称代词作宾语。Let him work out the problem by himself.Let Li Ping be monitor.感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪，带有强烈的感情色彩。感叹句主要有两种：What + 名词词组；What a beautiful day it is!How + 形容词或副词How well they have learned English!How well he swims!注意：What 修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可以用how来引导感叹句，但是不定冠词a, an要放在形容词的后面。What a beautiful park!How beautiful a park it is!补充练习按要求进行句型转换1.We have many cakes for supper （变为否定疑问句）2.I would like a cup of tea, please. （变为一般疑问句）3.He is a teacher, (a student) （改为选择疑问句）4.It is a nice box. （改为感叹句）5.The workers are working hard. （改为感叹句）6.Tom is sitting on the desk. （改为否定的祈使句）7.Everything is ready, ___________ ?  （以下改为反意疑问句）8.This isn’t your book, _____________ ?9.Don’t look out of the window, _____________ ?