初中英语知识点：句子的分类

初中英语知识点：句子的分类句子的分类（一）教学重点简单句及简单句的五种基本句型1、SVC结构（主语+系动词+表语）在这种句型中，动词必须是系动词，在动词之后跟有表语。表语可以是名词（词组），形容词（词组），副词（词组）等。如：The teacher is kind.     She looks fine.My son became a doctor at last.系动词除be外，常见的还有keep, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, grow, get, go, turn2、SV结构（主语+不及物动词）(1) 在这个结构中，动词是不及物动词，动词后边没有宾语，如：My head aches.    He is singing.(2) 有些动词后边必须带有状语，否则意思就不明确。如：The professor lives in Beijing.We stayed in China for a few days.常见的不及物动词有：sleep, walk, swim, happen, take place, go, come, work, laugh, stay.3、SVO结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）在这个结构中，谓语动词必须是及物动词，在动词后边跟有宾语。He can drive a car.    They speak English.有些不及物动词后面加上介词或副词可以把它看成一个及物动词，这时后边可接宾语。Please listen to me carefully.4、SVOO结构（主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）(1) 双宾语结构   在这个结构中，动词是带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的及物动词。直接宾语多指物，间接宾语多指人。常用的带有双宾语的动词有：give, send, tell, bring, lend, buy, teach, get, call, do, ask, wish, offer等。He gave the inspector his passport.My father taught us English.(2) 宾语的位置间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前，但是，如果为了强调间接宾语或者由于间接宾语较长，常把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语的前面加上适当的介词。如：The old man bought his daughter a nice scarf.The old man bought a nice scarf for his daughter.Give the teacher this book.=Give this book to the teacher.5、SVOC结构（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）在这种结构中，宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。(1) 在某些及物动词后，需要一个宾语再加上一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思，这样的宾语和宾补称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式、分词、副词都可以作宾补。(2) 常跟复合宾语的动词有：call, name, make, think, find, leave, keep等。如：His mother finds him a clever boy.Please keep the room clean.(3) 在see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make（使）, have（使）等这些词后的宾补，如果是不定式担当的，则省去“to”，但变为被动语态时“to”要还原。如：I heard a man knock at the door three times.A man was heard to knock at the door three times.第三十课时    句子的分类（二）教学重点并列句  there be结构  复合句1、并列句：由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平等并列，而且同等重要，能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主丛连词。并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, for, while, either…or…, neither…now, not only… but also…主从连词有：so, however, still, yet, then并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思划分为四种关系。(1) 同等关系：and / not only…but also / neither…nor…He could neither read nor write.  He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.(2) 转折关系：but / yet / still / while / whenTom was not there but his brother was ( there )(3) 选择关系：or / either… or…Either you didn’t understand this, or you were not careful enough.(4) 因果关系：for / soHe hurried, for it was getting dark.He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him.2、there be结构英语中“there + be + sb. /sth.+ 地点”结构表示“某处有某人或某物”。There是引导词，本身没有意思，be是谓语动词，be后面是主语，be必须和主语的数保持一致。如：There is a garden behind the house.There are two books on the desk.如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be一般和邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：There is a cup and two books on the desk.There are five students and a teacher in the classroom.3、复合句复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个分钟在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。1、主语从句用作主语的从句叫作主语从句，主语从句一般都是作谓语动词的主语，偶尔也可以作分词的主语。(1) 由what, that引导的主语从句What she likes is watching the children play.It is right that you told him the truth.(2) 由连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主语从句。Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery.Whether we can help you is a difficult question.When the meeting will be held has not been decided.2、表语从句通常由that, what, where, why, how等连接词引导。(1) if, whether, that引导表语从句。The question is that we must be good at learning from others.(2) what, which, who等连接代词That is what I want to tell you.The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one.(3) how, when, where, why等连接副词。The question is how we can help him.That is why he has been late.