2016届高考英语二轮定语从句专题练习(含解析)
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定语从句 ‎1 【2014·安徽卷】 The exact year________Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ A.when B.where C.why D.which ‎【答案】D 考查定语从句的关系词。本题先行词为year,在定语从句中作及物动词spent的宾语,因此选用关系代词which。‎ ‎2【2014·北京卷】 I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,________my classmates recommended to me.‎ A.who B.which C.when D.where ‎【答案】B 考查定语从句。根据题干信息,定语从句的先行词为book,定语从句中缺乏宾语,加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句,所以本题选B。‎ ‎3【2014·福建卷】 Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.‎ A.who B.when C.which D.where ‎【答案】D  考查定语从句。句意:学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。根据句意可知,所填词引导定语从句,先行词是activities,并且从句中的主谓宾成分是齐全的,且不需要表示时间,故选择D项。‎ ‎4【2014·湖南卷】 I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.‎ A. as B. why C. when D. where ‎【答案】C 考查定语从句。句意:我一直期待着我的女儿能读懂这本书,能明白我对她的感情的那一天。关系副词when引导定语从句,修饰先行词day,在从句中作时间状语。‎ ‎5【2014·江苏卷】 The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.‎ A.which B.when C.as D.where ‎【答案】D 考查定语从句。句意:这本书在我的日常交流方面给予了我很大帮助,尤其是在必须给别人留下一个好印象的工作中。分析句子结构可知,先行词为抽象名词work,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。‎ ‎6【2014·江西卷】 Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably 14‎ ‎ the greatest of all is fog.‎ A. which B. what C. where D. when ‎【答案】A 考查定语从句。句意:在水手们必须面对的许多危险中,也许最大的是雾。此题易误选C项,原因是没有分析清楚从句的句子成分。which在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词dangers,同时在从句中作face的宾语。‎ ‎7【2014·山东卷】 A company ________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ A.which B.whose C.who D.why ‎【答案】B 考查定语从句。句意:一个来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可能会寻找国外机会。a company是先行词,其后是定语从句,定语从句的主语是profits,缺少定语,故选B。‎ ‎8【2014·陕西卷】 Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.‎ A. that B. which C. as D. what ‎【答案】A 考查定语从句。先行词是information,指物,关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语,且先行词用不定代词all修饰,关系词只能用that,故选A。‎ ‎9【2014·四川卷】 Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.‎ A.that B.which C.who D.it ‎【答案】B 考查定语从句。此处which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句,which在定语从句中作主语。句意:到现在为止,我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹集到了50 000英镑,这是完全没有预料到的。‎ ‎10【2014·天津卷】 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, ________ uses it differently.‎ A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them ‎【答案】 B 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:英语是一种被好几种不同文化共同使用的语言,每一种文化使用它时都是不同的。首先A 项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use,故排除A、C;根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时,可知空格处需用单数名词或代词,可选B、D;再根据uses是谓语动词,可知空格处是主语,只有each of which能作主语,并构成了定语从句。‎ 14‎ ‎11【2014·浙江卷】 I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade,________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.‎ A.when B.where C.which D.why ‎【答案】A 考查定语从句。句意:我直到五年级才成为一个真正的攀登者,那一年我爬上了树枝去够一只被卡的风筝。该句中的先行词是the fifth grade,此处先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,应该用关系副词when。故选A 项。定语从句的关键是:在主句中找出先行词,然后把先行词“代入”从句中,判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”。如果作主语和宾语,用关系代词who, whom, that和which;如果作状语,则用when, where, why等。‎ ‎12 【2014·重庆卷】 We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.‎ A. which B. where C. when D. what ‎【答案】A 考查定语从句的用法。此处先行词targets被in a month所扰,考生容易错把month当成先行词而误选C。targets在定语从句中作set的宾语,所以关系词应用which或that。故选A。‎ ‎ 关系代词的用法 ‎1.【2013·湖南】Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.‎ A.whom  B.who C.what D.which ‎【解析】 句意为:幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于意识到自己长处的人。本题考查定语从句。先行词为those,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且表示“人”,故选B项。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎2.【2013·山东】 Finally he reached a lonely island________was completely cut off from the outside world.‎ A.when B.where C.which D.whom ‎【解析】 句意为:他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。本题考查定语从句。定语从句修饰的先行词是island,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词表示“物”。‎ 14‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎3.【2011山东】The old town has narrow streets and small houses____ are built close to each other.‎ A.they B.where C.what D.that ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses,在从句中作主语。句意为:这座古老的城镇街道狭窄,小房子挨得很近。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎ 关系副词的用法 ‎4.【2013·北京】Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.‎ A.when B.which C.whose D.where ‎【解析】 句意为:很多国家现在都在建立国家公园,在那里动物和植物能够受到保护。本题考查定语从句。先行词为national parks,代入从句中为:In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.应该使用表示地点的关系副词,故选D项。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎5.【2013·浙江】The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform________visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.‎ A.what B.where C.when D.why ‎【解析】 句意为:博物馆将在春天开放,届时将有一个展览和一个观光平台。参观者可以从这个平台观看正在建设的大温室。本题考查定语从句。先行词为platform,代入定语从句后为:Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the platform.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎6.【2011·江苏】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,________the audience can buy icecream.‎ A.when B.where C.that D.which ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。本题的先行词是interval,意思是“休息时间”,表示时间,在定语从句中充当时间状语,因此选择关系副词when。‎ ‎【答案】 A 14‎ ‎ “介词+关系代词”的用法 ‎7.【2013·浙江】The children,________had played the whole day long,were worn out.‎ A.all of what B.all of which C.all of them D.all of whom ‎【解析】 句意为:孩子们因为玩了一整天,都已经精疲力尽了。本题考查定语从句的用法。先行词为the children,将先行词代入定语从句后为:All of the children had played the whole day long.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语,且先行词表示“人”,故只能用all of whom。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎8.【2011·江西】She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction________had taken more than three years.‎ A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which ‎【解析】 句意为:她带领游客参观了这个博物馆,建设这个博物馆花了三年多的时间。本题考查非限制性定语从句。由于本题中两个分句之间既没有从属连词,又没有并列连词,所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句,其中先行词是the museum和construction之间具有所属关系,所以应该用介词of。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎ as与which的用法 ‎9.【2013·新课标卷Ⅰ】“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________.‎ A.as the saying goes old B.goes as the old saying C.as the old saying goes D.goes as old the saying ‎【解析】 句意为:正如古训所说“人不可貌相,海水不可斗量”。本题考查定语从句,先行词为前面一句话。先行词在定语从句中作宾语,故选C项。go在此处意为“说”,相当于say,用作及物动词。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎10.【2013·天津】We have launched another manmade satellite,________is announced in today’s newspaper.‎ A.that B.which C.who D.what 14‎ ‎【解析】 句意为:我们又发射了一颗人造卫星,这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。首先排除A项,因that不能引导非限制性定语从句;先行词为前面一句话,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且表示“事物”,故用which引导。who只用于指人;what不能引导定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎11.【2013·山东】There is no simple answer,________is often the case in science.‎ A.as B.that C.when D.where ‎【解析】 句意为:科学往往如此,它没有一个简单的答案。本题考查定语从句。设空处前有逗号,故判断设空处引导非限制性定语从句。空格处的引导词在从句中作主语,排除C、D两项;that不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎ 分隔式/分离式/干扰式定语从句 ‎12.【2013·江苏】 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,________he remembers starting as early as his childhood.‎ A.where B.which C.what D.when ‎【解析】 句意为:世界银行主席说他对中国有一种情结,他记得这种情结始于他的儿童时代。本题考查定语从句。先行词是a passion for China,在定语从句中作start的宾语,要用关系代词,所以选B项。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎13.【2012·浙江】Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,________,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.‎ A.which B.who C.where D.whom ‎【解析】 句意为:埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家,出于某种原因,他已退出了所有的社会活动。for some reason为插入语,可将其去掉,这时可以注意到该复合句中从句缺少主语。根据从句的语意可确定该从句的主语应是指人的,由此可确定答案。该从句为非限制性定语从句,其先行词为a painter。值得注意的是,有的考生误将 birds 和 nature 作为从句的先行词,从而错选which。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎14.【2011·天津】The days are gone________physical strength was all you needed to 14‎ ‎ make a living.‎ A.when B.that C.where D.which ‎【解析】 句意为:“体力是谋生的唯一所需”的时代一去不复返了。本题考查定语从句用法。先行词为the days,将其代入定语从句后为:On the days physical strength was all...由此可见先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。本题先行词与定语从句隔开,构成了“分割性定语从句”,增加了试题难度。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎1.定语从句中关系词的选择应该遵循“缺什么,补什么”的原则。‎ ‎2.对于“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,要熟记介词的选择标准。‎ ‎3.point,situation,case,stage,occasion等在定语从句中作为先行词时,要正确判断其后是用关系代词还是关系副词。如果引导词在从句中作状语,则用where或when,否则用that或which。我们可以采用补全法,即根据句意把从句补充完整,补上去的部分在从句中所作的成分就是引导词在从句中所作的成分。‎ ‎4.as引导的定语从句通常有比较固定的句式和标志,熟悉其特点,就很容易识别这种定语从句。‎ ‎5.分隔式定语从句的干扰性最强,解决这类题目的关键是把分隔部分去掉,并能够正确查找先行词。‎ 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎1.that用于下列情况:‎ ‎(1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;‎ ‎(2)先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;‎ ‎(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;‎ ‎(4)先行词被the only,the very(正是、恰是),the last修饰;‎ ‎(5)先行词中既有人也有物;‎ ‎(6)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;‎ ‎(7)先行词是the way,并在定语从句中充当状语时,关系代词用that/in 14‎ ‎ which或省略关系词。‎ He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.‎ 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。‎ ‎2.whose用来指人或物,在定语从句中只作定语。‎ ‎【2011·四川高考】The school shop,whose customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.‎ 这家学校商店大部分的顾客是学生,因放假而暂停营业了。‎ ‎【2010·北京高考】 Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.‎ 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。‎ ‎3.who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。‎ ‎【2010·湖南】I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。‎ ‎4.which用于下列情况:‎ ‎(1)引导非限制性定语从句;‎ ‎(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;‎ ‎(3)先行词本身是that时;‎ ‎(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。‎ ‎【2012·全国卷Ⅱ)That evening,which I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.那天晚上我一直工作到很晚,过后我会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况。‎ 二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎1.考查该结构中关系代词的选用。‎ 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构,whose指人、物皆可。‎ ‎【2012·天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I would never have got this far.‎ 我希望感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我永远不会走这么远。‎ ‎2.考查该结构中介词的选用。‎ 14‎ ‎(1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:先行词的意义;从句中的动词的固定搭配;句子的意思。‎ ‎(2)表示“整体和部分关系”介词常用of。常见结构:‎ ‎①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前/后可以用of which/whom。‎ ‎②the+比较级或最高级前/后用of which/whom等。‎ ‎【2013·重庆高考】John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are family members.‎ 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。‎ Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which (=whose price) was very reasonable.‎ 最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。‎ 注意:(1)from where为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。‎ We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town.‎ 我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。‎ ‎(2)像listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of等固定动词短语,在定语从句中不能将介词与动词分开。‎ 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 ‎1.一般情况下,as所引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可,而which所引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句之后。‎ ‎【2013·安徽】 】Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true.莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。‎ ‎2.当非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced,be expected,be known,be reported,be said,be shown等被动式谓语时,常用as引导。‎ ‎【2012·福建高考】The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.‎ 正如报告所显示的,在过去的两个月里,这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。‎ ‎3.as表示整个主句内容时,有时含有“正如;正像”等意思,而which无此意。‎ ‎4.在下列固定结构中,关系代词as代表整个主句所述的内容,一般不用which。‎ 14‎ as we know      众所周知 as has been said before  如前所述 as is often the case  情况常常如此 四、关系副词引导的定语从句 当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词(如in,at,on,during等)+which;‎ where=表地点的介词(如in,at,on,under等)+which;‎ why=表原因的介词(如for)+which。‎ 关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。‎ ‎【2013 ·新课标卷Ⅱ】When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.‎ 当我到达时,Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。‎ The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.‎ 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。‎ 注意:(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。‎ Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.‎ 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。‎ She’s in a hopeless situation,where we will keep a very close eye on her.‎ 她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。‎ ‎(2)先行词occasions当“时机”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。‎ Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。‎ 五、定语从句与其他从句的区别 ‎1.考查非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别。区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and,but等并列连词或分号等的存在。若有,则为并列句;如果只有逗号,且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明,则为非限制性定语从句。‎ 14‎ ‎【2012·四川高考】In our class there are 46 students,of whom half wear glasses.(定语从句)‎ In our class there are 46 students,and half of them wear glasses.(并列句)‎ ‎2.考查主语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。重点考查it,what和as的选用。‎ 常见的考查结构:‎ ‎(1)“It be done(如:said/suggested等)that+从句(that+从句是主语从句,it是形式主语)”意为“据/人们(说/建议等)……”。‎ ‎(2)“What be done(如:said/suggested等)is that+从句(that+从句是表语从句,what引导主语从句)”意为“所(说/建议等)的是……”。‎ ‎(3)“As be done (如:said/suggested等),主句(as引导非限制性定语从句)”意为“正如所(说/建议等)的那样,……”。‎ It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(主语从句)‎ What is required in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(主语、表语从句)‎ As is required in the regulations,you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(定语从句)‎ ‎3.考查the same,such,so引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别。the same,such,so可以与as或that搭配。as引导的是定语从句,前面名词或代词要在从句中充当成分;而that引导的是结果状语从句,从句结构完整。‎ Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)‎ Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked them out.(结果状语从句)‎ 上学期数学老师考试出题太难,没有一个人能解出来。‎ ‎1.【2014·四川省南充市第一次适应性考试】My favorite writer is Mo Yan,some of ________novels have a surprising ending.‎ A.whom   B.his C.whose D.which 14‎ ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。此处为“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,关系代词在从句中作定语,所以用whose。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎2.【2014·济南四校联考】The new policy only covers such people________have made great contributions during the war.‎ A.who B.whom C.which D.as ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为:这项新政策只适用于那些在战争中作出卓越贡献的人。空处引导定语从句,修饰people,且people被such修饰,因此只能用as引导定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎3.【2014·山东省蒙沂六校联考】________is often the case with old people,my grandfather is fond of doing morning exercise.‎ A.As B.Which C.What D.It ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。此句考查as引导的非限制性定语从句,as在此指代后面句子的内容,既可位于句首,也可位于句中。句意为:就像其他老人一样,我祖父也喜欢晨练。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎4.【2014·江西九校第二次联考】A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec.12,2012,________the date,the month and the year match.‎ A.that B.on which C.in which    D.which ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为:很多恋人选择在‎2012年12月12日这一天结婚,这是因为在这一天日期、月份与年份都一样。因为从句缺少时间状语,所以应用which指代先行词;当先行词是某个日期,且年月日完整时,介词应该用on。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎5.【2014·兰州名校阶段】Sarah Brightman,________will fly to space in 2015,is the first woman to fly there in the field of music.‎ A.who B.that C.which   D.whose ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为:莎拉·布莱曼将于2015年飞往太空,她将是音乐界第一个飞往太空的女士。句中的先行词为Sarah Brightman且在非限制性定语从句中作主语,所以用who引导。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎6.【2014·福建龙岩三校二模】 Bad luck!Our car was badly damaged in an 14‎ ‎ accident,in________case I have to walk to work for at least a week.‎ A.this B.that C.which D.whose ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,句中关系代词which充当定语,修饰case。其中which指代前面的整个句子。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎7.【2014·陕西西安名校第五次模拟】Her son was accused of cheating by the police,________made it difficult for her to go to sleep.‎ A.what B.as C.which D.where ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为:她的儿子被警察指控犯了诈骗罪,这使她睡不着觉。此处which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个内容。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎8.【2014·陕西咸阳四校高二抽样检测】The Olympics are like a huge stage________everyone makes every effort to achieve their dreams.‎ A.that B.when C.which D.where ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为:奥运会就像是一个大舞台,每个人都在这个舞台上为实现梦想而竭尽全力。句中的先行词stage后接where引导的定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎9.【2014·青岛一模】—How do you like the book?‎ ‎—It’s quite different from________I read last month.‎ A.that    B.the one what C.the one    D.which ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为:——你觉得这本书怎么样?——它跟我上个月读的那本完全不一样。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少先行词,应补上先行词the one,关系代词that在从句中充当read的宾语,可以省略,因此答案为C项。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎10.【2014·东北四市模拟一】After visiting Harbin,most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time________they had spent.‎ A.that B.what C.when D.at which ‎【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为:去哈尔滨游玩过之后,大多数的外国友人都说他们永远都忘不了在那里度过的时光。the time是先行词,空处在定语从句中作had spent的宾语,故选A项。‎ 14‎ ‎【答案】 A 14‎

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