八年级语文下学期期末检测试题及答案
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八年级语文下学期期末检测试题及答案

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八年级语文下学期期末检测试题                                          温馨提示:                                                                                                    1. 全卷总分120分,考试时间150分钟。                                                         2. 请先将自己的学校、姓名、考号写在规定的地方,然后答卷。                                          3. 全卷分八个大题,27个小题。                                                                4. 请沉着思考,认真答题,让智慧在笔尖流淌,用细心为成功奠基,祝你考试成功!                    A卷(100分)                      第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共20分)                  一、语言知识(14分,每小题2分)                                                                      1.下面各组词语中,加粗的字注音有两个错误的一项是(       )                                                   A.憔悴(qiáo)       黝黑(yǒu)         不逊(xùn)        颔首低眉(hàn)                                            B.诘责(jié)        纤细(qiān)        宽恕(shù)        期期艾艾(ài)                                                               C.稽首(jī)           禁锢(gù)         瞥见(piě)        深恶痛疾(wù)                                          D.旸谷(yǎng)       酷肖( xiào)       滞留(zhì)        广袤无垠(yín)                                              2.下面各组词语中,错别字最多的一项是(       )                                                     A.小憩       鹤立鸡群       发泻      不可名状                                                           B.馈赠        暗然失色        奥秘       长吁短叹                                                                     C.沧茫       翻来复去       弥漫       盛气临人                                                                    D.迁徙       冥思暇想       锃亮       正襟危坐                                                                         3.依次填入下面横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是(      )(2分)                                             生活中,面对别人的困难,有的人总是一副____的姿态。殊不知,自私导致自伤,___                   没有一个人能够____到一生不会遇到任何困难.,如果大家都____别人的困难,那么                                       当自己遇到困难时,叉能指望谁来帮助呢?切记,助人即是自助。A.事不关己  所以 幸福 无视           B.心安理得  因为 幸福 漠视                            C.心安理得  所以 幸运 无视           D.事不关己  因为 幸运 漠视                        4.下列各句中加粗的成语运用恰当的一项是(  )(2分)                                                 A.这篇小说情节跌宕起伏,抑扬顿挫,具有很强的感染力。                                                                                 B.张小明真是任劳任怨,制作的飞机模型与众不同,令人拍案叫绝。                                           C.连老师都做不出来的题,这位新同学两分钟就算出来了,我对他的敬佩之情油然而生.                                D.刚才还是晴空万里,现在又是乌云密布,高原的天气真是姿态万千。                                                           5.下列各句中没有语病的一项是(  )(2分)                                                    A.为了防止酒驾事件不再发生,眉山市加大了巡查整治力度。                                         B.南极的恐龙和两栖动物的命运比其他同类要悲惨得多,其原因是板块把它们带到了南极而造成的。                                                                                                       C.微笑着面对生活的人,失去的只是自己的烦恼,赢得的则是整个世界。                                                                      D.“阳光体育”活动有助于培养学生的身体素质,要大力提倡。                                                   6.依次填入下面一段文字模线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是(    ) (2分)                                  生命永远都是那么光鲜,它不会因岁月的流逝而变质,____________________。                               ①这样才能感受到生命的无限魅力                                                                                  ②所以,我们不能任梦想流失                                                                                ③也不会因人的成败得失而停滞                                                                                  ④而应努力提高自身素质,增强自身能力                                                                                                                                                A.②④③①  B.③②④①  C.③④①②  D.②①③④                                                           7.下列各句中,加粗词语的解释完全不正确的一项是(      )(2分)                                                     A.猛浪若奔(飞奔)           执策而临之(面对)                                                                                                                  B.策之不以其道(道理)       腰白玉之环(腰间)                                                                     C.窥谷忘反(通“返”)        食马者(通“饲”,喂)                                                       D.环堵萧然(空寂)           且(并且)欲与常马等不可得                                                      二、课内文言文阅读(6分,每小题2分)                                                                                          余幼时即嗜学。家贫,无从致书以观,每假借于藏书之家,手自笔录,计日以还。天大寒,砚冰坚,手指不可屈伸,弗之怠。录毕,走送之,不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。既加冠,益慕圣贤之道,又患无硕师名人与游,尝趋百里外,从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊,门人弟子填其室,未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请;或遇其叱咄,色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复;俟其欣悦,则又请焉。故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。                                                                                             当余之从师也,负箧曳屣行深山巨谷中。穷冬烈风,大雪深数尺,足肤皲裂而不知。至舍,四支僵劲不能动,媵人持汤沃灌,以衾拥覆,久而乃和。寓逆旅,主人日再食,无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣,戴珠缨宝饰之帽,腰白玉之环,左佩刀,右备容臭,烨然若神人;余则缊袍敝衣处其间,略无慕艳意。以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之勤且艰若此。                                     (选自《送东阳马生序》)                                                                                                        8.下列各句中加粗词语解释完全正确的一项的是(          )(2分)                                                                    A.援疑质理(询问)       走送之(跑)                                                                                                              B.俟其欣悦(等待)       主人日再食(第二次)                                                                   C  右备容臭(气味)       礼愈至(到达)                                                        D持汤沃灌(热水)         益慕圣贤之道(好处)                                                           9.下列句子中加粗词语的意义和用法相同的一组是(            )(2分)                                   A.每假借于藏书之家      当余之从师也                                                          B.无从致书以观                        以衾拥覆                                                               C.久而乃和                              足肤皲裂而不知                                                             D.或遇其叱咄                           俟其欣悦                                                                       10.下面对文章的理解分析,不正确的一项是(            )(2分)                                  A .选文开篇即点出作者“家贫”和“嗜学”的矛盾处境,由此引出求学的艰难。                                                                    B.选文将富家子弟的奢华和作者的贫寒加以对比,表现了作者求学意志的坚定。                            C.作者写这篇文章的目的,是为了向人们展示自己成长之路的曲折与艰辛。                                       D.作者通过现身说法表明:知识的积累,精神的充实,是学子读书的必备条件。                                                        第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共80分)                    三、课内文言文翻译 、诗词阅读、古诗文积累(14分)                                                          11.把下面的句子翻译成现代汉语。(4分)                                                                                   (1)以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。                                                                          译:                                             (2)以中有足乐者,不知口体之奉不若人也。                                                                  译:                                                                                       12.阅读下面一首古诗 , 按要求回答问题。(4分)                                                             过零丁洋   文天祥                                                  辛苦遭逢起一经 , 干戈寥落四周星。                                           山河破碎风飘絮 , 身世浮沉雨打萍。                                                         惶恐滩头说惶恐 ,零丁洋里叹零丁。                                         人生自古谁无死 ?留取丹心照汗青。                                              (1)从运用修辞方法的角度赏析“山河破碎风飘絮 , 身世浮沉雨打萍”.(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           (2)“人生自古谁无死 ?留取丹心照汗青”抒发了诗人怎样的思想感情?(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                      13.根据上下文或提示语,在下面横线处填写相应的诗句。(6分)                                                    (1)念天地之悠悠,      。(陈子昂《登幽州台歌》)                                 (2)海内存知己,    。(王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》)                                                   (3)      ,草色遥看近却无(《早春呈水部张十八员外》)                               (4)《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》一诗中指新生事物无比美好,社会总是向前发展的诗句:                                                                 ,                                                                     (5)商品经济的今天,许许多多的科学家能够甘于寂寞,致力科研,这正如古人所言:                      “                     ,                       ”表现他们高洁的志趣和人格的坚持。(用《五柳先生传》中的两句话来填写)                                                                        (6)苏轼的《水调歌头•明月几时有》一词中表达对亲人朋友美好祝愿的句子是:                                                                            ,                                                                                 四、现代文阅读(25分)                                                                             (一)说明文阅读(10分)                                                                                                                                         最佳饮料——白开水                                                       ①随着生活水平的提高,各种各样的饮料走进了人们的生活。喝矿泉水、纯净水已是普遍现象。喝雪碧、可乐成了一种时尚,各种名目繁多的功能饮料更是赢得了青少年的青昧,而饮用白开水的人却越来越少。其实,从科学角度来看,任何其他的饮料都无法取代白开水。                                                                                                      ②众所周知,水是维持人体正常生理活动所必需的物质,只有保证机体有足够的水分,体内产生的废物才能及时地通过肾脏排出体外。从医学角度上讲,任何饮料都不如白开水对生理健康有价值。白开水最容易解渴,有调节体温、输送养分及清洁身体内部的功能。而且,白开水具有较强的生物活性,对于促进细胞新陈代谢、能量转换、血液循环和维持电解质平衡,都大有益处。白开水不含卡路里,在进入人体后,很容易透过细胞膜,增加血液中血红蛋白含量,增强人体自身免疫功能,提高机体抗病能力。因此,白开水实在是人体最需要的天然“饮料”。                                                                                                                    ③白开水是由自来水煮沸而来的,其主要成分是水,其中还包含多种矿物质和一些人体需要量极少的微量元素。如钠、钾、钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、铅、氟、碘和硒等。矿物质和微量元素是人体必需的营养素,不能缺乏,但也不能过多。自来水所含的矿物质为矿泉水的1/10,又是纯净水的10倍。矿泉水的矿化度一般为200-300毫克/升,自来水为20-30毫克/升,而纯净水只有2-3毫克/升。有关研究表明,自来水中的矿物质和微量元素的含量对人体来说是最适宜的。                                                                                               ④其他的饮料所含糖分和热量一般都偏高,食欲旺盛且过量饮用的人,往往会因糖分和热量摄入过多引起肥胖,食欲不振的人则由于饮料影响正餐,可能导致热量摄入不足而渐趋瘦弱。饮料中的果糖会阻止人体对铜的吸收.引起贫血等病症。饮料中的人工色素、防腐剂在体内蓄积,会干扰多种酶的功能,引起消化不良。再者,饮料中的大量电解质不容易很快从胃肠排空,而是较长时间存在于胃肠内,影响消化吸收,降低食欲,同时还加重了肾脏的负担。另外,通过蒸馏和逆渗透技术加以净化后的纯净水会失去如镁、锌、铁、硒、碘等对人体有益的矿物质, 长期饮用纯净水,人体便会缺少某些必要的元素而造成营养失衡,这对处于生长期的青少年来说尤为不利。                                                                                                                                                                              14.第①段中最后一句,作者为什么要加上从“科学角度来看”这几个字?(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  15. 第③段中的画线句子运用了哪些说明 方法?有何作用? (4分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   16.仔细阅读第④段,概括“其他饮料”对人体有哪些危害。(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      17. 请拟写一则倡导喝白开水的公益广告语。(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           (二)文学作品阅读(15分)                                                                          春 光 美                                                                  周海亮                                                                                        (1)街路划一条漂亮的弧线,探进公园深处。公园绿意盈盈,却有桃红粉红轻轻将绿意打破。柳絮纷飞,落满松软的一地。鸽子们悠闲地散步,孩子们快乐地追逐,空气里弥漫着沁人心脾的花香。春天属于山野,属于城市,属于公园里每一朵勇敢开放的丑丑的小花。                                (2)公园的小径上走着一位女孩。女孩的棍子畏畏缩缩,慌乱且毫无章法。棍子戳戳点点,碰到了毫无防备的老人。                                                                                                                (3)老人轻微地“嘘”了一声。                                                                         (4)“对不起,”女孩急忙停下来,“对不起……戳痛你了吧……真的对不起,我是一个盲人……”                                                                                                  (5)“没关系的,”老人轻轻地笑,“我知道,你只是有些不便。”                                               (6)“只是有些不便?”女孩的神情霎时黯淡下来,“可是我看不见了,永远看不见了……就像现在,每个人都可以在这里欣赏春色,我却不能……”                                                                          (7)“可是孩子,春色只是为了给人看吗?春天里的一花一草,只是为给人欣赏而存在吗?”                                    (8)“难道不是吗?”                                                                                                      (9)“当然不是。”老人说,“比如我面前就有一朵花。这朵花很小,淡蓝色,五个花瓣。也许它本该六个花瓣吧?那一个可能被蚂蚁们吃掉了……花瓣接近透明,里面是鹅黄色的花蕊……我可以看得见这朵花,然而你看不到。可是这朵花因为你没有看见它而开得松懈吗?还有那些有残缺的花儿,比如被虫儿吃掉花瓣,啃了骨朵,比如被风雨所折断,被石块所挤压,它们可曾因为它们的残缺和大自然给予它们的不公就拒绝开放吗?”                                            (10)“孩子 ,你要知道,当秋天来临,所有春天开过的花儿,都会结成种子。就像我眼前的这朵小花,它也会结出它的种子……这与它的卑小无关……更与它的残缺无关……它是一朵勇敢的花儿,勇敢的花儿都是快乐和幸福的。”                                                           ⑾“花儿就像你,你就是花儿……为什么闷闷不乐呢?为什么要放弃开放的机会呢?为什么要放弃整个春天呢?”                                                                                        ⑿“我没有放弃春天……可是我看不到春天……”                                                         ⒀“你还可以去触摸春天。孩子,你可以触摸花草,触摸鸽子,触摸阳光与柳絮……其实盲人也是可以看到这世界的,却不是用眼睛,而是用心,用感觉,甚至,用爱……”                                         ⒁“您是说,用爱吗?”                                                                             ⒂“是的,孩子。只有用爱才能真正感受春天,读懂春天。我知道你看不见春天,可是你的心里,难道不能拥有一个温暖而美好的春天吗?只要你还相信春天,那么对你来说,这世上就还有春天,你的心中就会万紫千红。我说的对吗,孩子?”                                            ⒃“可是我不知道这里的春天是什么样子的。奶奶,你愿意把你看到的告诉我吗?”                               ⒄“当然可以,孩子,我很乐意……你的面前有一朵花儿,蓝色的花儿,五个花瓣……你的旁边有一棵树,树长出嫩绿色的叶子……再旁边有一个草坪,碧绿的草坪,有人在浇灌……再往前,是一条卵石甬道,鸽子们飞过来了,轻轻啄着人们的手心……”                                        ⒅女孩听得很是痴迷。她的表情随着老人的讲述而变化,每一种变化,都是天真和幸福的。似乎,女孩真的看到了整个春天。                                                                                      ⒆女孩是笑着离开的。她的棍子在甬路上敲打出清脆的声音。她步履轻松。她像春的精灵。⒇然后,老人轻轻拍拍她身边的导盲犬。她说:“虎子,我们该回家了。”她戴着很大的墨镜,悄无声息地走向春的深处。                                                                                                18.细读全文,题目“春光美”中的“美”,除了景色美之外,还具体表现在哪些方面?(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              19.联系文章语境,品析下列加粗词语的含义。(4分)                                                                                               (1)(春天)属于公园里每一朵勇敢开放的丑丑的小花。                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (2)女孩的神情霎时黯淡下来。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                20. 联系上下文,品味文中画线句子,简要分析其表达作用。(4分)                                                (1)我知道,你只是有些不便。                                                                                                                                                                             (2)花儿就像你,你就是花儿 。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          21. 文中的女孩,是因为明白了什么道理,才由先前的“畏畏缩缩”变得“步履轻松”的?(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  22. 文章独具匠心,直到最后才告诉读者,老人也是一位盲人。说说这样结尾有哪些妙处?(3分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          五、写作(写作40分 + 书写3分=43分)                                                                                  23.从下面两道题中,任选一题作文。                                                               (1)题目:幸福在其中                                                                                  (2)有人陶醉于春日的和风细雨,有人惊心于夏日的狂风暴雨,有人伤感于秋冬的凄风苦雨……风雨是大自然的抒情诗。其实,人生之旅并非一路阳光,也会有风雨相伴,所以才有了“风雨同舟”“风雨兼程”“阳光总在风雨后”“不经历风雨,怎能见彩虹”的劝勉和激励……请以“风雨”为话题作文。                                                                                         要求:①文体自选(除诗歌外);                                                                                        ②中心明确,感情真实,600字以上,书写工整;                                                        ③文中不得出现真实的人名、地名、校名。   ④不能抄袭或套用!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           B卷(20分)                          六、课外文言文阅读(4分)                                                                郑板桥开仓济民                                                                            郑燮,号板桥,清乾隆元年进士,以画竹,兰为长。曾任范县令,爱民如子。室无贿赂,案无留牍。公之余辄与文士畅饮咏诗,至有忘其为长吏者。迁潍县,值岁荒,人相食。燮开仓赈济,或阻之,燮曰:“此何时,若辗转申报,民岂得活乎?上有谴,我任之。”即发谷与民,活万余人。去任之日,父老沿途送之。                                                                                【注释】①谴:谴责,责备。②任:承担责任。                                                                         24.把下面的句子翻译成现代汉语。(2分)                                                             去任之日,父老沿途送之。                                                                                                                                                                              25. 从文中可以看出郑板桥是一个怎样的人?(2分)                                                                                                                                                          七、语言运用  (8分)                                                                                    26. 八年级一班准备开展以“感恩”为主题的一系列活动,请你参加下列活动,完成相应任务。                                                                                                                   (1)你准备在这一主题下设计哪些活动项目?请列举出两项。(2分)                                 示例:主题班会                                                                                                                                                                                                               (2)为了营造人人参与的氛围,请你从上题自己设计的两个项目中任选一项,并为之拟写一条宣传标语。(20字以内)(2分)                                                                                          项目名称:                                                                                                         宣传标语:                                                                                                              (3)在主题班会上,同学们纷纷发言,表示最想感谢的人就是自己的母亲。甲说:“母爱是一缕灿烂的阳光,温暖我的心灵。”乙说:“母爱是一片宽广的大海,包容我的错误。”你接着说:“母爱是                       ,                        。”(请仿照甲、乙两人发言的形式,续写完成你的发言。)(2分)                                                                                            (4)主题班会结束前,老师在大屏幕上展示了一则材料:调查显示,我校中学生清楚自己、明星、好友、母亲生日是哪月哪天的人数比例依次为100﹪、62﹪、40﹪、8﹪。                                 请概括材料的关键信息,并谈谈你的感想。(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              八、名著阅读(6分 )                                                                                  《名人传》是法国著名作家罗曼•罗兰为三位伟大的艺术家写的传记,请根据你的阅读积累,回答23~24题。                                                                                     【片断一】如果他要建造一座纪念碑的话,他就会耗费数年的时间到石料场去选料,还要修一条路来搬运它们;他想成为多面手:工程师、凿石工;他想什么都亲自动手,独自一人建起宫殿、教堂。这简直是一种苦役犯过的日子。他甚至都挤不出时间来吃饭睡觉。                           【片断二】直到那一天,绝望顿生,也许是由于临死前的狂热飓风,他突然离开了住所,四处流浪,奔逃,在一所修道院投宿,然后又上了路,最后病倒途中,在一个无名的小城中一病不起。在弥留之际,他躺在病榻上哭泣,不是哭自己,而是在哭那些不幸的人。    27. (1)【片断一】中的“他”是指         【片断二】中的“他”是指        (2分)                              (2)根据名著内容,补全下面名人对联。(2分)                                                                  上联:                                 (贝多芬)                                                                     下联:炼钢铁意志,写下一页页辉煌的篇章(奥斯特洛夫斯基)                                                (3)读过《名人传》后,你一定被这三位伟大的艺术家所感动,请任选其中一位,说说他令你感动的原因。(40字以内)(2分)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     八年级语文参考答案一、1.C   2.C   3.D   4.C  5.C   6.B  7.B                                                                   二8.A  9.D  10.C                                                                                                 三、11.略12.(1)示例一:运用比喻的修辞方法,把危亡的国势比作风中柳絮,把坎坷的身世比作雨中浮萍,生动形象地抒写了国破家亡的悲哀。示例二:运用对偶的修辞方法,“山河破碎”对“身世浮沉”,“风飘絮”对“雨打萍”,句式整齐,增强了诗歌的韵律美。(意思对即可。修辞方法,1分;作用,1分。)(2)抒发了诗人愿为国捐躯的思想感情。(意思对即可。)13.(1)独怆然而涕下(2)天涯若比邻(3)天街小雨润如酥(4)沉舟侧畔千帆过病树前头万木春                                                                                                                      (5)不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵(6)但愿人长久,千里共婵娟                                                     四、14.加上这几个字,从范围上作了限制,体现了说明文语言的准确性。                                               15.运用了举例子、列数字、作比较的说明方法,从自来水中矿物质和微量元素含量的角度,说明了白开水对人体是最适宜的。                                                                                                                   16. ①糖分和热量偏高,可能引起肥胖或瘦弱 ②饮料中的果糖会引起贫血等病症 ③饮料中的人工色素、防腐剂引起消化不良 ④饮料中的大量电解质会影响消化吸收,降低食欲加重了肾脏的负担。              17.示例:喝白开水,走健康路。                                                                                                    18.老人善良美好的心灵、老人积极乐观的生活态度、老人讲述的深刻道理、女孩走出阴影变得积极乐观。(答到一点得1分,答到两点得2分。) 19.(1)指(小花的)不美,也暗指女孩的残缺卑小,表现作者对残缺卑小生命的怜爱。(2)指小女孩情绪低落,流露出小女孩的悲观心理。  20.((1)委婉含蓄,体现了老人对盲女孩的尊重。表现了老人的善良和爱心。(2)运用比喻,生动形象地表达了老人对女孩的希望和鼓励;虽残缺卑小,但仍然要像花儿一样勇敢开放,乐观生活。 21.花儿的开放与残缺、卑小无关,任何生命都是有价值的,都可有所作为;一个人只要用心、用爱去感受世间万物,就能体会生活的美好。  22.这样结尾使读者觉得老人的形象更高大;收到出人意料、回味无穷、震撼人心的艺术效果。                                                                                        五、23.作文按中考要求给分。    六、24.(郑板桥)离任的时候,当地百姓沿途送他。25.郑板桥是一个有才、清廉、勤政、爱民的好官。                                                                                           七、26. (1)示例:主题板报、演讲比赛、征文比赛等(答对一个给1分,共2分)                           (2)(答案略,所拟宣传标语必须与所选项目一致,正确即给2分;只选项目,不写宣传标语的不给分)       (3)示例:一丝轻柔的春风,吹走我的忧愁;一场甘甜的春雨,滋润我的心田(答案不唯一,答对即可得分。2分)                                                                                                (4)示例:清楚自己母亲生日的中学生人数最少。感想:母亲对子女的爱博大无私,子女却很少有人懂得感恩和回报。(概括信息2分,感想2分,共4分)                                              八、27.(1)米开朗琪罗    列夫•托尔斯泰   (2)搏命运风浪,奏出一支支悲壮的乐曲                                                                            (3)示例:贝多芬备受感情煎熬,又不幸失聪。在肉体和精神的双重痛苦中,他不屈不饶,以顽强的毅力投入创作,谱写出伟大的乐章。                                                                   米开朗琪罗有丰富的内心世界,追求完美,夜以继日地工作直至生命的最后;他贫病交加,却创造了无与伦比的艺术珍品。                                                                                列夫•托尔斯泰虽一生孤独,但坚持追求真理和博爱;他热爱祖国,勇于担当,创作了多部不朽著作,成为一代文学巨匠。                                                                                                                                                                                      

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