重庆八中2015—2016学年度（下）半期考试高二年级
英 语 试 题
命题：欧静 苏焱平 审核：付晓勇 打印：欧静 苏焱平 校对：苏焱平
第I卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Dorothy do on the weekend?
A. Go out with her friend. B. Work on her paper. C. Make some plans.
2. What was the normal price of the T-shirt?
A. $15. B. $30. C. $50.
3. What has the woman decided to do On Sunday afternoon?
A. To attend a wedding. B. To visit an exhibition. C. To meet a friend.
4. When does the bank close on Saturday?
A. At l：00 pm. B. At 3：00 pm. C. At 4：00 pm.
5. Where are the speakers?
A. In a store. B. In a classroom. C. At a hotel.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1 5分，满分22 .5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What do we know about Nora?
A. She prefers a room of her own.
B. She likes to work with other girls.
C. She lives near the city center.
7. What is good about the flat?
A. It has a large sitting room. B. It hasgood furniture. C. It has a big kitchen.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where has Barbara been?
A. Milan. B. Florence. C. Rome.
9. What has Barbara got in her suitcase?
A. Shoes. B. Stones. C. Books.
听第8段材料，回答第10至l2题。
l0. Who is making the telephone call?
A. Thomas Brothers. B. Mike Landon. C. Jack Cooper．
11. What relation is the woman to Mr. Cooper?
A. His wife. B. His boss． C. His secretary．
12 What is the message about?
A. A meeting. B. A visit to France. C. The date for a trip.
听第9段材料，回答第13至l6题。
13. Who could the man speaker most probably be?
A. A person who saw the accident. B. The driver of the lorry. C. A police officer．
14. What was Mrs. Franks doing when the accident took place?
A. Walking along Churchill Avenue.
B. Getting ready to cross the road.
C. Standing outside a bank.
15 When did the accident happen?
A. At about 8：00 am. B. At about 9：00 am. C. At about l0：00 am.
16 How did the accident happen?
A. A lorry hit a car.
B. A car ran into a lorry.
C. A bank clerk rushed into the street.
听第l0段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the talk mainly about?
A. The history of the school. B. The courses for the term. C. The plan for the day.
18. Where can the visitors learn about the subjects for new students?
A. In the school hall. B. In the science labs. C. In the classrooms.
19. What can students do in the practical areas?
A. Take science courses. B. Enjoy excellent meals. C. Attend workshops.
20. When are the visitors expected to ask questions?
A. During the lunch hour.
B. After the welcome speech.
C. Before the tour of the labs.
第二部分 单项填空（共11小题；每小题1分，满分11分）
请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. Bad performances in the exams are closely connected with a ____ of exercise.
A. preference B. lack C. need D. demand
22. He is sure to win—the current situation is in his ____.
A. term B. mind C. favor D. expectation
23. —Waiter! Is the table by the window available?
—I’m sorry, sir. But that table has been ____.
A. broken B. sold C. reserved D. repaired
24. Customers rarely have an opportunity to watch the cooks doing the cooking on the ____ although it sounds quite normal for any cook.
A. kitchen B. floor C. condition D. spot
25. The title of Scientist Tomorrow comes to David—a really ____ man who always comes up
with unique ideas.
A. cheerful B. creative C. hospitable D. favorable
26. The last class finished an hour ago but quite a few students still ____ in the classroom.
A. left B. remained C. delayed D. advanced
27. — This is the hardest interview I have ever experienced.
—____, you’ve succeeded—that’s the main thing.
A. Somewhat B. However C. Anyway D. Somehow
28. Teaching is never an easy job which _____ spending quite a lot of time with students.
A. involves B. asks C. practices D. suggests
29. I’m sorry to tell you your plan sounds good but his plan is ____ worth considering.
A. better B. well C. good D. worse
30. When traveling, you sometimes have to go somewhere alone, always ____ your attention on your belongings.
A. focusing B. focuses C. focused D. focus
31. So attractive ____ that we can’t wait to go there.
A. does the University Town seem B. the University Town seems
C. the University Town does seem D. seems the University Town
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分34分）
第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分）
阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Today was my high school reunion. I was the most remarkable student for all the wrong reasons. I was born with some birth defects and learning disabilities. I overcame them, but it was hard. While working blue-collar jobs, I lived in my car for a few years.
On a cold winter night several years ago, I met Dr. X in the emergency room. He was a former classmate of mine, and we pretended not to know one another. He discovered I was living in my car and heard some of my stories. Then he arranged for me to be admitted to the hospital for a day so I could get warmed up and recover. When I left the hospital, I found a $100 bill in the gas tank door of my van (拖车). I’m sure it was from him.
I now have a home of my own and I'm doing OK, considering everything. When I sent my reservation and check to the reunion committee, it was returned uncashed with a $50 bill along with a note saying “Please don't come.”
I guess my classmates are more closed-minded than I thought they would be. I was hoping age would change them but my wish turned out to be nothing but a joke. In addition to the reservation return, I have also seen a few forwarded emails mocking my attempts to find out about the event. I hope none of those people were blessed with a child with learning or physical issues.
I guess people never change on some things. Thankfully, I have found nicer, caring people along my journey in life, and for that I'd like to thank all of the kind people in the world.
32. What made the author the most remarkable student?
A. Living in his own car. B. His physical problems.
C. Providing wrong reasons. D. His efforts to help others.
33. What can we infer from the 2nd paragraph?
A. Dr. X sent a van to the author as a gift.
B. The author was cured by Dr. X that night.
C. The author and Dr. X didn’t recognize each other at first.
D. The author and Dr. X felt embarrassed at first that night.
34. What might be the key barrier to the author’s reservation?
A. His experience in the hospital. B. The closed mind of his classmates.
C. His uncashed check. D. The location of the reunion.
35. What does the underlined word “mocking” (paragraph 3) refer to?
A. laughing at B. insisting on C. caring for D. giving away
B
Do you know a child who has used first aid to save a life or help an injured person?
St. John Ambulance is seeking young people who have acted quickly, calmly and effectively at a real emergency for its annual Young First Aider of the Year awards.
The awards are open to all those under 18, and the closing date for nomination (提名) is April 30, 2016. The winners will be invited to attend a special ceremony in June, 2016.
“St. John Ambulance believes it is essential for young people to learn first aid so that they can help anyone who is injured,” said Sandra Stocker, director of St. John Ambulance Awards Committee. “The Young First Aider of the Year is a wonderful way to celebrate their bravery and quick-thinking.”
Nomination for the Young First Aider of the Year is now open. Please complete and return the nomination forms as soon as possible and certainly no later than April 30, 2016. The committee will decide which of the nominees will receive the Young First Aider of the Year awards by considering the actions of the nominees along with their ages and other factors. You should send any evidence you have with the nomination form, showing the nominees’ actions.
Examples of evidence could include:
◆ Newspaper clippings (剪报) of the incident.
◆ Police incident record numbers.
Once a nomination form is received, the nominee or nominator may be approached for further details of the incident. For further information please get in touch with Sandra Stocker by email or on 020-73244082 or 020-73244083.
Find out who our winners will be for 2016.
36. What does the St. John Ambulance Awards Committee intend to convey?
A. Learning first aid can help young people win an award.
B. Young people should learn first aid to help the injured.
C. The injured are encouraged to act quickly and calmly.
D. St. John Ambulance gains its name by training first aiders.
37. If you suggest someone for the awards, you should ______.
A. provide some evidence of the incident B. make a speech introducing yourself
C. attend the awards ceremony on time D. have a good knowledge about first aid
38. Who might win the Young First Aider of the Year awards?
A. A child using first aid to save his father.
B. A child witnessing a girl save the injured.
C. An adult working in the emergency room.
D. An adult helping the injured with first aid.
39. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Demand for First Aiders B. Importance of First Aid
C. Young First Aiders of the Year D. St. John Ambulance Awards
C
Do you have an emotional brain or a rational (理性的) one? Researchers at Australia’s Monash University have found actual difference in the brains of people who respond emotionally to others’ feelings compared with those who respond more rationally.
A study published in the journal NeuroImage has looked at whether people who have more brain cells in certain areas of the brain are better at certain types of empathy, according to Science Daily. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person, and the two types investigated were cognitive (认知的) empathy and affective (情感的) empathy.
“Every day people use empathy with, and without, their knowledge to get around in the social world,” said Robert Eres from Monash University’s School of Psychological Sciences. “We use it for communication, to build relationships, and to increase our understanding of others.”
“People who are high on affective empathy are often those who get quite fearful when watching a scary movie, or start crying during a sad scene. Those who have high cognitive empathy are those who are more rational, for example a psychologist helping someone,” explained Eres.
The results of the study showed that people with high scores for affective empathy had more gray matter in a part of the brain called the insula, found right in the “middle” of the brain. Those who scored higher for cognitive empathy had more in a part called the midcingulate cortex—an area above the corpus callosum, which connects the two halves of the brain.
The discovery “raises new questions—like whether people could train themselves to have more empathy, and whether those areas of the brain would become larger if they did, or whether we can lose our ability to empathize if we don’t use it enough”, according to Science Daily.
“In the future we want to investigate further by testing whether training people in empathy-related tasks can lead to changes in these brain areas. We also want to investigate if damage to these brain areas, as a result of a stroke (中风) for example, can lead to empathy problems.” said Eres.
Perhaps in the future we will all be able to empathize more with other people. Maybe you will cry at that sad movie after all!
40. Empathy can be used in the following situations EXCEPT that .
A. when a psychologist is helping a patient with his mental disease
B. when a teacher is comforting a student about his father’s death
C. when a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland
D. when people are reading a story with a frightening ending
41. What does the research done by Monash University mainly show?
A. Differences in the brains of emotional and rational people.
B. Whether a rational brain works better than an emotional one.
C. What empathy is and how to improve people’s ability to empathize.
D. How to effectively train people to have more empathy cells in their brain.
42. Which of the following statements might Robert Eres disagree with?
A. People use empathy when they are or aren’t aware of it.
B. People tend to use empathy to build relationships or understand others.
C. People with higher affective empathy feel heart-broken when watching sad movies.
D. People who are more rational have been found to have more gray matter in their brains.
43. Which of the following will be one of the focuses of future investigations according to the article?
A. How to train people in empathy-related tasks.
B. Whether people can be trained to be more empathetic.
C. Whether empathy problems can lead to damage to areas of the brain.
D. Why people seem to lose their ability to empathize if they don’t use it enough.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Plenty of job seekers, according to career and workplace consultant Alexandra Levit, are making major mistakes at those big, important meetings with their would-be bosses. Candidates would do well to avoid the following interview mistakes:
44
At most job interviews, both parties—the interviewer and the interviewee—are expected to ask questions. Do your homework on the company and make sure your questions aren’t so obvious that they can be answered with a five-second Google search.
“ 45 You shouldn’t ask too many general questions because they might have the opinion that you should know some of the answers.” Levit said.
Talking too much.
Even if you’re really smart, you won’t impress anybody if you don’t do your fair share of listening.
“It should be a two-way conversation,” Levit said. “ 46 Really take the time to read between the lines and pay attention to what they are saying.”
Treating the interviewer like a friend.
Of course you want to be friendly with your interviewer, but it’s important to remember that this person is not someone with whom you’ll be throwing back a few beers next weekend. You have to keep your guard up.
“You don’t want to treat them as if they’re someone you can take into your confidence.” Levit said. “ 47 ”
Bad-mouthing your last employer.
Sometimes, even your last boss was Satan himself. 48 Find a way to put a positive reason on why you left—or plan to leave—your last job.
“Don’t say, ‘Oh I left because my company was insufferable,’” Levit said. “The employer is going to be sitting there thinking you’re going to be saying that about them in three years and it isn’t going to fill them with confidence.”
A. Asking proper questions.
B. Failing to ask smart questions.
C. A job interview is not the time to uncover it.
D. Listen more and you’ll have more answers.
E. You’re not going to learn as much about their needs if you don’t listen.
F. You should portray yourself as confident, enthusiastic and professional.
G. You are supposed to have some knowledge of the industry and the position.
第四部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
I was 11 when you were born, and in your first few years I often looked after you, bathed and dressed you and took you out for walks. I have 49 memories of your childhood. Of 50 you up as a “rock star”. Of watching you dance 51 nightclothes. Of your insistence that I make your school lunch 52 I put so much more peanut butter on your 53 than anyone else. Of the 54 phone call we ever had----an echo (共鸣) of my own university years—when you wanted to 55 university and study dance.
Since we have grown up, I have lived through you, although you may not know it. You had the opportunity I so 56 wanted but never got ---- to train in the dancing arts. I encouraged our parents to support you because I have always 57 how my life would be if they hadn’t chosen a(n) 58 career path for me, their eldest child.
I know you have 59 to hunt for work and confidence, and that you probably wonder sometimes if you made the right choice. 60 , I am happy for you and proud that I played some small role in helping you to 61 a dream.
There is a 62 between us now. It has grown since I first left home, and in the 63 I missed your teenager years. That 64 me greatly. I imagine that you believe we have very little in common—a 65 in the city and a biologist in West Africa---but in you I 66 some of my own dreams realized.
But beyond that, even at 12 or 13 I felt as much a mother to you as an older sister. So, on the rare 67 when we see each other, I want to know everything, from your concerns, hopes to delights.
I wish, there were an arm’s 68 between us. I hope we can one day be sisters or friends again. I still make a tasty peanut butter sandwich for you.
49.A. vivid B. admirable C. awful D. painful
50.A. making B. dressing C. taking D. picking
51.A. on B. over C. in D. with
52. A. as B. while C. though D. if
53. A. noodles B. pies C. cakes D. sandwiches
54. A. longest B. farthest C. simplest D. hardest
55. A. give in to B. look away from C. drop out of D. go in for
56. A. merely B. scarcely C. perfectly D. badly
57. A. wondered B. regretted C. realized D. believed
58. A. special B. traditional C. official D. original
59. A. managed B. struggled C. preferred D. rejected
60. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
61. A. support B. oppose C. have D. follow
62. A. plan B. promise C. conflict D. distance
63. A. experience B. process C. situation D. direction
64. A. frightens B. touches C. upsets D. comforts
65. A. dancer B. teacher assistant C. actress D. rock star
66. A. hope B. see C. keep D. remember
67. A. stages B. vacations C. spots D. occasions
68. A. width B. height C. length D. depth
第II卷
第二节 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Gandhi, an Indian national hero, 69 (regard) as the father of the Indian nation, a fighter for freedom and equality , and a spiritual leader .
He was born in India in 1869. 70 (follow) the local custom, he got married at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, 71 he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he 72 (send) to South Africa to work on a law case.
In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine 73 (fight) for equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, when India was controlled by the British. 74 (determine) to defend the territory, he led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and the 75 (depend) for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. 76 , the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in and India won its victory in 1947. 77 (fortunate), Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died 78 January 30th, 1948.
第五部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。
Nowadays, mobile payment is becoming more and more popular with our shopping. In addition to pay in cash, by cheque or credit card, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for wide range of services and goods. Compared with those traditional mean, mobile payment was faster and more convenient. Besides, it can be used at any given time or place, save much time and energy. However, we can’t overlook the fact that it must be operated with a phone and a network. And it is only recently which the technology to support such systems has become wide available. It will be arouse public concern over its potential risk, such as the account security and other unexpected problems. Technology is changing its life rapidly, so we should get ready for it.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华。你的美国笔友Jane打算七月来中国，担心文化差异的影响，特来信询问中国人的社交习俗。请你用英语回一封信，按以下几个方面作具体介绍：
1．见面时的问候方式；
2．对于表扬的回答方式；
3．接受礼物时的回应方式；
4．餐宴礼节。
注意：
1．词数100左右，信的开头和结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Jane,
Glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to China in July.
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I hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
重庆八中2015—2016学年度（下）半期考试高二年级
英 语 试 题 答 案
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
1- 5 BBABC 6-10 ACAAB 11-15 CACCB 16-20 BCBCA
第二部分 单项填空（共11小题；每小题1分，满分11分）
21-25 BCCDB 26-30 BCAAA 31. A
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分34分）
第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分）
32-35. BDBA 36-39 BAAC 40-43 CADB
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
44-48 BGEFC
第四部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分）
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
49-53. ABCAD 54-58. ACDAB 59-63. BCDDB 64-68. CABDC
第二节 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
69. is regarded 70. Following 71.where 72. was sent 73. to fight
74. Determined 75. independence 76. However 77. Unfortunately 78. on
第五部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
79.with---in 80.pay----paying 81.pay for后加a 82. mean----means
83. was---is 84. save----saving 85. which----that 86.wide----widely
87. 却掉be 88. its----our
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
Dear Jane,
Glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to China in July. To remove any possible puzzle, I am willing to brief you on some basic etiquette.
Initially, when encountering acquaintances on the street, we smile waving a hand. A slight bow to elders and a hand shake with peers are also considered polite during a formal visit. Besides, to respond to praise, Chinese cut a modest figure, saying “You speak too highly of me” instead of direct thanks. Another big difference from America is that we express gratitude when receiving a gift without unwrapping it.
Great prominence is given to table manners. Youngsters had better not move chopsticks until elders begin to eat and not leave until all people finish meals. And making noises while chewing appears bad-mannered.（118）
I hope what’s mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.
Yours sincerely
LiHua
重庆八中2015-2016学年度（下）半期考试高一年级
历 史 试 卷
一、选择题（本大题共12小题。每小题4分，共48分。在每个小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。）
1. 在中国古代社会，“国”和“家”对统治者而言是紧密相连的。从政治角度看，古代社会中“国”和“家”的重要联结点是
A．分封制 B．宗法制 C．郡县制 D．郡国并行制
2．历史学者钱穆在《国史大纲》中指出：“秦、汉以来中国政治之长进，即在政府渐渐脱离王室而独立化，王室代表贵族特权之世袭，政府代表平民合理之进退，而宰相为政府领袖，君权、相权，互为节制。”下列最能支持该观点的制度是
A．三公九卿制 B．三省六部制 C．内阁制度 D．军机处制度
3．“但这一战争并没有促使中国人惊醒……他们拒不承认中国在军事上的劣势和在政治上的衰退，这样他们便让自己继续沉睡了二十年。”这段话中的“战争”是指
A．鸦片战争 B．第二次鸦片战争 C．甲午中日战争 D．八国联军侵华
4．鸦片战争后，清政府设置了专门的机构进行对外交涉——五口通商大臣，起初由两广总督兼任，驻广州。1859年，将五口通商大臣移驻上海。1861年划归总理各国事务衙门管辖。1866年，改称南洋通商大臣，由两江总督兼任。这种转变实质上反映了
A．中国被迫全面对外开放 B．中国中央机构的半殖民地化
C．中国政治近代化的开启 D．中国半殖民地化程度的加深
5.“它可以说是我国近代史上第三个救国救民的方案，不过这个方案是反对西洋化、近代化，与第一第二个方案是背道而驰的。……其惨败代价之大足证我民族要生存绝不可以开倒车。”文中“它”指的是
A．太平天国运动 B．洋务运动 C．戊戌变法 D．义和团运动
6．“6日晚上，举行了专门纪念俄国十月革命的会议。到处都有工人、学生。国民党组织开会庆祝。……第二天……举行了大规模的庆祝活动。会场上到处是国民党旗和写着无产阶级口号的标语牌，还有很多绘有镰刀和斧头的红旗。”这一场景会发生在
A．1919年的北京 B．1926年的广州 C．1931年的瑞金 D．1937年的延安
7. “作为具体的政治历史事件的‘五四爱国运动’最足以构成新文化运动前、后期的分水岭，因为从这一事件开始，新文化运动事实上从比较广义的文化运动的范围中发生某种突破……”下列现象可作为这种“突破”表现的是
A．封建思想的统治地位受到挑战 B．民主与科学的思想深入人心
C．马克思主义成为新思潮的主流 D．新文化运动的阵营日益巩固
8．陈独秀说：中共一大对“党的要求——无产阶级专政——悬在半空，到中共二大时就脚踏实地了，找到了中国实际的联系并决定了党要走的道路。”这是指中共“二大”
A．制定党的最高纲领 B．制定了党的民主革命纲领
C．决定与国民党合作 D．确立了毛泽东的领导地位
9．议会有意识地把王冠连同早已拟好的文件一起呈献……议会还修改了国王加冕誓词，新誓词删去了维护“先王批准的法律和习惯”一段话，改为“根据议会同意的法规”进行统治。议会此举的目的是
A．实行君主立宪制 B．确保议会行使国家主权
C．赋予国王立法权 D．完全摒弃旧有法规法律
10．李剑鸣《美国革命时期对“共和政体”的重新界定》指出美国共和政体“对雅典民主、罗马共和制和英国宪政君主制加以综合吸收和创造性转化的结果”。其具体表现不包括
A．国会成为间接民主的代议制机构 B．赋予了总统独立行使行政权的权力
C．构建了“分权制衡”的政治体制 D．实行中央集权与地方分权的联邦制
11．下表是俄罗斯一咨询机构1990—2006年就“十月革命给俄罗斯人民带来了什么”所作四次调查的结果。这表明俄罗斯人
咨询答案
1990（%）
1997（%）
2004（%）
2006（%）
在俄国各族人民的历史上
开辟了新时期
23
23
30
30
推动了社会经济的发展
26
26
27
30
阻碍了社会的发展
18
19
16
16
是一场灾祸
12
16
14
10
难以回答
21
16
13
13
A．已经淡忘十月革命 B．对十月革命的看法长期一致
C．依然怀有大国情结 D．主要关注十月革命的经济影响
12．在世界近现代史的长河中，崛起过许多叱咤风云的强国，如18世纪确立世界霸主地位
的英国，19世纪末确立亚洲强国地位的日本和改革开放以来日益强大的中国。他们发展的道路各不相同，但崛起的原因却惊人的相似。这一共同原因是
A．和平崛起 B．制度创新 C．武力掠夺 D．民主强国
二、综合题（本大题共2小题，共52分）
13.（24分）孙中山是中国民主革命的先行者，其革命的一生给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富。阅读下列材料，回答问题。
材料一 当时的清政府，正如孙中山所形容的那样，像“一座即将倒塌的房屋，整个结构已从根本彻底的腐朽了”，“全国革命的时机，现已成熟”。可见，辛亥革命的发生，是客观情势使然，而不是什么“激进主义思潮”的产物。因此，辛亥革命无疑是中国近代史上的一次飞跃，它推翻了中国最后一个封建王朝，结束了在中国绵延几千年并被奉若神明的君主专制制度，破天荒地宣布了主权属于国民全体，从而扫清了中国社会前进的巨大障碍，使民主共和的思想深入人心，其政治意义是决不能低估的。
——陈其泰《近代史上有关重大是非的两个问题的评价》
材料二 辛亥革命后，某人翻译一本书名叫《平民政治》，但现在却准备易名为《共和政治》后再出版。《国粹学报》过去一段时间销路不畅，但最近改名《共和杂志》，重新变得抢手。
——摘编自徐兆玮《棣秋馆日记》
革命后地方不同了一点，绿营制度没有改变多少……守兵当值的，到时照常上衙门听候差遣。马兵仍照旧把马养在家中。衙门前钟鼓楼每到晚上仍有三五个吹鼓手奏乐……
——沈从文《辛亥革命的一课》
(1)材料一是从什么角度评价辛亥革命的？（2分）根据材料并结合所学知识指出辛亥革命的历史功绩。（6分）
(2)归纳材料二两段材料关于辛亥革命影响的不同看法，对此应如何理解？（12分）你认为在研究历史时应该注意什么？（4分）
14．（28分）中日关系在近代历史中一直处于侵略与被侵略的状态中，循着历史的轨迹揭开这段历史，从中汲取深刻的教训是我们今天的责任。阅读材料，回答问题。
材料一 日本自身有着世界上任何一种文明都没有的一些特点：（1）它自古以来是一种弱势文明，因而它善于模仿和吸收其他文明的长处，……但却又毫无感恩报答之心；（2）日本文化中没有“绝对正义感”，更多的是功利主义，一切都从自己的实际利益出发；（3）日本文化中还有一种非理性的鄙外主义心态，……日本的鄙外主义其矛头往往首指中国。
——马克垚《世界文明史》下
材料二 《义勇军进行曲》问世后，“中华民族到了最危险的时候”的悲愤歌声，便很快就传遍了长城内外、大江南北……甚至在世界上每一个角落，只要有中国人的地方，无论他是那一个民族的中国人，都会有人唱它。……（1937年）9 月 22日，国民党中央通讯社发布了《中共中央为公布国共合作宣言》，该《宣言》强调国共合作对伟大的中华民族的前途有着极为“重大的意义”。
——郑大华《中国近代民族主义与中华民族自我意识的觉醒》
（1）依据材料一和所学知识，指出19世纪末日本侵华的重要事件及其对中国社会造成的影响。（12分）
（2）据材料三并结合所学知识，指出抗日战争的特点。（10分）有学者认为，“抗日战争的胜利是中华民族复兴的枢纽”。结合所学知识，加以说明。（6分）
重庆八中2015—2016学年度高一（下）半期考试
历 史 参 考 答 案
【历史参考答案】
一、 选择题
1——5 BBADD 6——10 BCBAD 11——12 CB
二、综合题
13．(1)角度：政治意义(或民主政治)。（2分）
功绩：结束了中国两千多年的封建君主专制制度；扫清了中国社会前进的巨大障碍，使民主共和思想深入人心；（两点4分必答）促进民族的觉醒；推动民资的发展。（两点任选一点2分）
(2)不同看法：第一段材料反映出民国初期共和观念风行，反映的现象主要发生在城市里的知识分子中；第二段材料反映出辛亥革命并未带来什么变化，反映的现象主要发生在偏远县城的普通民众中。（8分）
理解：辛亥革命具有不彻底性；其影响在不同地区和不同群体中是不一样的，民主共和观念深入人心是一个缓慢而渐进的过程。 （4分）
注意：历史的分析和评价；客观全面的研究与分析。（或全方位分析材料，不能以偏概全。其他答案言之成理即可，但必须体现历史的与客观的两个角度）（4分）
14.（1）事件：1894—1895年甲午中日战争。（2分）
影响：签订了中日《马关条约》；中国的领土主权遭到进一步破坏，侵略势力深入腹地；列强掀起瓜分中国的狂潮，中国半殖民地化程度大大加深；在通商口岸投资设厂，免收内地税，严重阻碍民族资本主义的发展；巨额赔款加重人民负担；各界掀起救亡图存的斗争（如：维新变法）。（任答5点，10分）
(2）特点：全国各族人民、海内外同胞团结抗战；形成以国共合作为基础的抗日民族统一战线；从性质上看，既是反法西斯战争，又是民族解放战争；两个战场相互配合，相互依存；中共起了中流砥柱作用；持久性；（任答5点，共10分）
说明：促进中华民族觉醒，增强中华民族的认同感（激发爱国热情）；取得近代以来反侵略战争的首次完全胜利．提高中国的国际地位，增强民族自信心和自豪感；奠定民主革命胜利的基础，推动民族解放。（6分）
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