河北八所重点中学2016-2017学年第二学期高三英语
一、阅读理解
If you look at the night sky, you’ll often see stars moving very quickly. In fact, they move much more quickly than they should according to their size and the laws of physics.
Scientists do not completely understand why the speed of these stars is so high. But many believe the reason is that much of the universe is made of something called “dark matter”. Groups of stars called galaxies, such as the Milky Way, might even be made up of 90 percent dark matter.
How much something weighs depends on where it is. The same object weighs only half as much on Mars as it does on Earth and almost three times as much on Jupiter. So scientists prefer to talk about the mass (质量) of something rather than how much it weighs, because mass does not change. They can work out the mass of galaxies by measuring the distance between them and the speed they move at.
Recently, Jorge Peñarrubia, a senior academic at Edinburgh University, UK, and his team discovered something interesting: The mass of the Milky Way is only half as much as the mass of another nearby galaxy, Andromeda. This seems strange, and dark matter may explain why.
Finding out more about dark matter could help us understand how the universe began, but this is not easy. Lots of scientists with different types of expert knowledge are working on the problem.
We can’t see dark matter, it’s very difficult to measure and we can’t find out its mass. Unlike stars, dark matter doesn’t produce or reflect light. But we can make a good guess that it is there because of the way things move and the way light bends. Experts now think dark matter may be very different from the matter that we find on Earth. There may also be five times as much dark matter in the universe as ordinary matter.
1．Something that weighs 15kg on Earth weighs about _____ on Mars and _____ on Jupiter.
A. 7.5 kg, 45 kg B. 30 kg, 45 kg C. 45 kg, 7.5 kg D. 5 kg, 30 kg
2．The author mentions the masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda mainly to
_____.
A. explain why the same object has a different weight on different stars
B. compare the distance between the Milky Way and Andromeda
C. show that studying dark matter could help to answer some scientific questions
D. support the idea that scientists prefer to talk about mass instead of weight
3．Dark matter is difficult to investigate because _____.
A. it travels at a very fast speed
B. we can’t see where it is or measure its mass
C. it’s hard to measure the light it produces and reflects
D. it is much bigger than ordinary matter in size
4．According to the text dark matter _____.
A. could accelerate the speed of stars
B. could lessen the mass of objects in galaxies
C. makes up the entire universe and its stars
D. may help us identify the origins of the universe
What's the most important thing in life?
People's answers vary greatly. For British scientist Robert Edwards, the answer is having a child. "Nothing is more special than a child," he told the BBC.
Edwards, the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technology—more commonly known as "test-tube (试管) baby" technology—passed away on April 10, 2013 at the age of 87.
"Edwards changed the lives of millions of ordinary people who now rejoice (高兴) in the gift of their own child," said Peter Braude, a professor at King's College London. "He leaves the world a much better place."
Edwards started his experiments as early as the 1950s, when he had just finished his PhD in genetics. At that time, much of the public viewed test-tube babies as "scary", according to Mark Sauer, a professor at Columbia University, US.
Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches, governments and media, not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists. "People said that we should not play God and we should not interfere with nature," Edwards once told Times. He said that he felt "quite alone" at the time.
"But Edwards was a fighter, and he believed in what he was doing," said Sauer. Without support from the government, the two struggled to raise funds to carry on. And in 1968 they finally developed a method to successfully fertilize human eggs outside the body.
The first test-tube baby was born on July 25, 1978. Her name was Is Louise Brown. Despite people's safety concerns, Brown was just as healthy as other children.
"IVF had moved from vision to reality and a new era in medicine had begun," BBC commented.
Ever since then, public opinion has evolved considerably. Couples who were unable to have babies began thronging (拥向) to Edwards' clinic. Nowadays, Reuters reports, some 4.3 million other "test-tube" children exist. Edwards received a Nobel Prize in 2010 and was knighted (封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth in the following year.
Before his death, Edwards was still in touch with Louise. "He is like a granddad to me," she said in an interview with the Daily Mail.
He is a granddad to millions, in fact.
5．What’s the article mainly about?
A. The first test-tube baby.
B. A new era in medicine.
C. The inventor of IVF technology.
D. The changes IVF technology has brought.
6．The writer mentioned Peter Braude to .
A. show how difficult it was for Edwards to do his work
B. describe what kind of person Edwards was
C. explain why he is loved by all children
D. comment on his achievement
7．The underlined word "opposition" in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to " "
A. attack B. support C. test D. influence
8．What is the correct order of events in Edwards' life?
a. He received a Nobel Prize.
b. He struggled to raise funds.
c. The first test-tube baby was born.
d. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
e. He succeeded in fertilizing human eggs outside body.
f. He started his experiments on IVF technology.
A. f-e-b-c-a- d B. f-b-e-c-d-a
C. f-b-e-c-a-d D. f-e-d-a-c-b
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different times has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you
take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
9．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A. started sleep more easily B. were less active
C. were more anxious D. woke up later
10．Which of the following is TRUE of melatonin according to the text?
A. It’s used in sleeping drugs
B. It exists in milk in great amount
C. It can make people more energetic
D. It’s been tested on mice for ten years
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Milk Drinking and Health
B. Fat, Sugar and Health
C. An Experiment on Mice
D. Night Milk and Sleep
12．How does the author support the theme of the text?
A. By giving examples.
B. By providing research results.
C. By explaining statistical data.
D. By stating arguments
Is it possible that the sinking of the Titanic was caused by a ghost? A lot of the story below is true… but did it really happen quite like this?
Our story begins not in the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic, but rather thousands of miles away in Egypt. It is here, perhaps, that we can find the start of the mystery of the Titanic, in the year 1910, in the great city of Cairo. One day, a famous professor of Egyptian history called Douglas Murray was staying in Cairo, when he was contacted by an American adventurer.
The American had something unusual to offer Murray, something that was certain to thrill him: a beautiful ancient Egyptian mummy case, containing the mummy of an Egyptian queen. It was over 3000 years old, but in beautiful condition ------ gold,
with bright paintings on it. Murray was delighted with both the object and the asking-price. He gave the man a cheque immediately.
The cheque was never cashed. That evening the American adventurer died. For his part, Murray arranged to have the treasure sent back to Britain. However, it was not long before he learnt more about the beautiful mummy case: On the walls of the tomb in which it had been discovered, there were messages which warned of terrible consequences to anyone who broke into the tomb. Murray was disbelieving of these warnings until a few days later, when a gun he was holding exploded in his hand, shattering his arm. The arm had to be cut off.
After the accident, Murray decided to return to his homeland. On the return journey, two of his companions died mysteriously, and two servants who had handled the mummy also passed away. The now-terrified Murray decided he would get rid of the cursed case as soon as he arrived in London. A lady he knew named Janet Jones said she would like it, so he gave it to her. Shortly afterwards, Jones’ mother died, and she herself caught a strange disease. She tried returning the mummy, but naturally Murray refused it. In the end, it was presented to the British Museum.
Even in the museum, the mummy apparently continued to cause strange events. A museum photographer died shortly after taking pictures of the new exhibit; and a manager also died for no apparent reason. In the end, the British Museum decided to get rid of the mummy too. They sold it to a collector in New York.
At the start of April 1912, arrangements for the transfer were complete, and the mummy began the journey to its new home. But the New Yorker never received the mummy or its case. For when the Titanic sank, one of the objects in its strong room was the mummy case. Or so they say.
13．In Paragraph 5, the underlined word “cursed” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. forgotten B. uncommon C. unlucky D. expensive
14．In what order did the following events occur?
a. The case was given to the British Museum.
b. Janet Jones caught a mysterious illness.
c. Murray’s arm was cut off.
d. The mummy case was sold to an American.
e. A man who took a picture of the case died.
f. Warnings were written on the tomb’s walls.
A. f, c, b, a, e, d B. c, f, b, a, e, d
C. d, f, b, c, a, e D. f, a, c, b, e, d
15． According to the passage, where is the Egyptian mummy now?
A. At the British Museum B. In New York
C. In Egypt D. Under the sea
16．What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A. To introduce an important historical event to readers.
B. To entertain readers with a story of mystery.
C. To warn readers about the dangers of mummies’ curses.
D. To inform readers about the true cause of the Titanic’s sinking.
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
This is a story about a student, who kept a diary filled with private memories. Some were memories from childhood when he felt hurt, confused, lonely and insecure. He had fragments(片段) of dreams and personal of anger and hatred, as well as things he such as magic shops, coin dealers and Christmas reunion.
Then a thing happened. After dinner one night he realized that he had his diary in the dining hall outside the campus. He was afraid that someone might it and find out the truth about him, so he back from the campus, only to find that it was gone.
Weeks passed, and eventually he gave up the of ever finding it again. A month later, he was hanging up his jacket in the same place he saw his old brown diary, just where he had left it he flickered (快速翻阅) through the pages and found that a stranger had written this entry: “God bless you. I am a lot like you, only
I don’t keep a diary. I am to know there are others like me. I hope things well for you.
Tears came to his eyes. He had never that someone could know his inner feelings and also feel things just like the he did.
So whether you are rich or poor, brilliant or , attractive or plain, there are people like you. One of the most deadly we have is that we are not satisfying others. Perhaps you feel you won’t impress others they are more confident, successful, intelligent or attractive than you. Such is misguided. Get rid of your fears of not measuring up, and yourself as you are.
17．A. falseB. valuable C. painful D. pleasant
18．A. described B. copied C. provedD. reported
19．A. secrets B. feelingsC. belongingsD. experiments
20．A. studiedB. enjoyed C. hatedD. misunderstood
21．A. terribleB. commonC. moving D. strange
22．A. leftB. brought C. storedD. opened
23．A. read B. sell C. steal D. destroy
24．A. lookedB. jumped C. rushedD. wandered
25．A. belief B. hope C. life D. habit
26．A. which B. while C. whereD. when
27．A. Patiently B. NervouslyC. Calmly D. Unwillingly
28．A. unaware B. sorry C. grateful D. disappointed
29．A. work out B. take off C. turn over D. give up
30．A. expected B. seen C. promised D. explained
31．A. theory B. meansC. way D. method
32．A. humorous B. average C. lazy D. generous
33．A. fearsB. weaknesses C. diseases D. efforts
34．A. untilB. soC. although D. because
35．A. findingB. practise C. thinking D. rule
36．A. amuse B. acceptC. improve D. treat
三、37．短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Childhood is a time when there are little duties. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after, and loved no matter when he may do. It's impossible for him to be given such much again in his later life. But a child is not so free to do as he wishes it. He is continually being told not to do this, not to do that, or being punished for what he had done wrong. When he starts to make their own living, he becomes free from the rules of school and parents. Therefore, he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes, and his room. He has to work hard to live comfortable. If so, he can have the great happiness of build up his own position in society.
四、七选五
Why is setting goals important? ___38．___ Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen. Successful people imagine how their life should be and set lots of goals.
By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It's like having a map to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are two drivers. One has a destination in mind which can be found on a map. She can drive straight there surely without any wasted time of wrong turns. ___39．___ She starts off at the same time from the same place as the first driver, but she drives aimlessly around, never getting anywhere, just using up gas. Which driver do you want to be?
Winners in life set goals and follow them through. They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting goals. ___40．___ Goals aren't difficult to set and they aren't difficult to reach.
___41．__ You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it.___ 42．__. Like a contract(合同) with yourself, they are harder to neglect or forget. Also when you write your goals in a particular way, you are able to make yourself continuously aware of situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
A．Because everybody should have a goal in his mind
B．Unsuccessful people usually just let life happen by accident.
C．The other driver has no goal, or destination or map.
D．It's difficult for a driver to reach his destination without a map.
E．It's up to you to find out what your goals really are.
F．Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life.
G . Written goals can be reviewed regularly, and have more power
五、书面表达
43．假如你是李华，南昌二中的一名学生，得知可向国际儿童基金会(Foundation)申请一个经费为2000元的扶贫项目(poverty-relief program)，帮助贫困地区的儿童。你感兴趣，准备申请。请根据以下要点写一篇文章：
1）个人的基本情况和申请理由；
2）你对申请项目的具体设想和项目经费的使用计划；
3）你的愿望。 联系方式：2016hope@icf.org
注意： 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 开头语和结尾语已为你写好。
Dear Sir or Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．D
5．C
6．D
7．A
8．C
9．C
10．A
11．D
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．D
16．B
17．C
18．A
19．B
20．B
21．A
22．A
23．A
24．C
25．B
26．C
27．B
28．C
29．A
30．A
31．C
32．B
33．A
34．C
35．C
36．B
37．
【小题1】little→few
【小题2】when→what
【小题3】such→so
【小题4】去掉it
【小题5】had→has
【小题6】their→his
【小题7】Therefore→However
【小题8】pay后加for
【小题9】comfortable→comfortably
【小题10】build→building
38．F
39．C
40．B
41．E
42．G
43．
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a student currently studying at Nanchang No.2 Middle School. I am writing to apply for the 2000 yuan's worth of fund aimed at helping those students who are financially disadvantaged.
Being raised in families that don’t have to worry about putting food on the table need not mean ignoring our less fortunate peers. On this account, we would appreciate it if you could sponsor our poverty-relief endeavor. The following is how we would go about using the money. We would spend 1500 yuan purchasing some stationery for the needy students in a poverty-stricken area. The remainder of the fund would be used to invite a motivational speaker who was to talk about how to lift oneself out of poverty by making right academic and professional decisions. Our efforts might make a difference in the lives of some young people, but who knows what butterfly effects these young minds may have on tomorrow's world?
We would be grateful if you could reply at your earliest convenience. You could contact me at 2016hope @icf.org.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
微信/支付宝扫码支付