课时1 课标词汇(1)与名词、冠词和主谓一致
【课标词汇演练】
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．Two bullet trains __________ by Chinese engineers passed ________________ at 420 km/h on Friday, in an experiment ________ by China Railway Corporation that set a world record.
在由中国铁路总公司实施的创造世界纪录的实验中，中国工程师设计的两列子弹头火车在周五以每小时420公里的速度以相反的方向从彼此旁边经过。
2．Owing to ________ performances at the world championships last year, China's swimming and track and field teams ________ win medals in multiple events, including men's 400m freestyle swimming, men's long jump and women's race walking, ________________ experienced foreign trainers.
由于在去年的世界锦标赛上的突破性的表现， 借助经验丰富的外国教练，中国游泳和田径项目团队的目标是在多个项目上赢得奖牌，包括男子400米自由式游泳，男子跳远和女子竞走。
3．______________________， the furniture shop confirms that the regular customers will gain 15 percent discount and have the chance to ________ the classical Europeanstyle furniture.
为了提高服务标准，家具店确认常客将享受15%的折扣，还有机会欣赏欧式古典家具。
4．According to the recent survey, there is a growing tendency for senior staff to ________ their salary, ________ for a long time or even cancel most social activities merely to realize the dream of improving their housing condition.
根据最近的调查，高级职员越来越趋向于把月收入存起来，长期负巨债，甚至取消大多数社交活动，只为了实现改善住房条件的梦想。
5．Beijing will “advance and complete island and reef construction as planned”， ________ country or individual pressures China to do otherwise, and “the level of our ________ on these islands and reefs ________ the threats facing us，” Admiral Wu Shengli, commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy said.
北京将“按计划推进并完成岛礁建设计划”，无论哪个国家或个人向中国施压要求不这样做。“我们对于这些岛礁的防守水平取决于我们所面临的威胁”，海军上将吴胜利——中国人民解放军司令员说。
6．The embarrassed computer talent ________ sending a threatening mail to the security department simply ________ as the police were appointed to search every vacant seat in the airport and lots of flights were canceled.
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由于警方受命在机场搜索每个空位，很多航班被取消，那个尴尬的电脑天才十分内疚，自己仅仅为了好玩寄了一封恐吓信给保安部。
7．In principle, the installed software is assumed to make the accounting system more efficient but the reality is that all of us are discouraged from ________ so much complicated operating procedure.
理论上，所安装的软件是希望用来让系统更有效率，但事实是我们所有的人都十分受挫，因为要背熟那么多复杂的操作流程。
8．Nowadays, ________ the private cars are the symbol of success, ideal life and social position, many businessmen with the driving license hold the belief that owning a luxurious car is closely linked with pursuing a highquality life.
当今，由于私家车是成功、理想生活和社会地位的标志，许多有驾照的商人都相信拥有一辆豪华车和追求高品质生活是紧密相连的。
9．New British Prime Minister Theresa May(特雷莎·梅) will use the first meeting of her senior ministers on Tuesday to tell them they must all ________ making Britain's exit from the European Union a ________.
英国新首相特雷莎·梅将在周二利用她的首次高级部长会议告诉他们他们都必须在英国退欧过程中发挥他们的作用。
10．“The significant expansion of the south Asian (________ Shanghai, Singapore and Hong Kong) maths mastery approach can only________ the positive momentum(势头), with thousands more young people ________ specialist teachers and quality textbooks，” the UK schools minister added.
“伴随着成千上万的年轻人接触专家教师和优质课本的机会，南亚(包括上海，新加坡和香港)的数学掌握方法的显著的扩张能增加积极的势头，”英国教育部长补充道。
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．There are three ________ (幼儿园) in the neighborhood and you can choose which one to send you child to.
2．As we know, the Song Dynasty contributed three great ________ (发明) to world civilization.
3．Whenever the students have trouble with their studies, the teachers help them ________(耐心地)．
4．________(判断) from her accent, I guess she must be from the south.
5．What we want to show is our ________(信心) and optimism.So whether we win or not is not that important.
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6．The state provides 11 years of free ________ (义务的) education for all children.
7．The desk is adjustable in height and ________ (宽度)．
8．So ________ (浅的) is the lake that no fish can live in it.
9．In ________(庆祝) of Father's Day this Sunday, USA TODAY asked readers to share the best advice their dads ever gave them.
10．Because Japan lacks oil, it has to ________(进口) large amounts from other countries.
【基础语法演练】
[高考经典演练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
3．(2016·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)But for tourists, pandas are its top ________ (attract).
4．(2016·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve)．
5．(2016·浙江高考)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your ________ (creditable).
6．(2015·湖北高考)He gave himself a new name to hide his ________(identify)when he went to carry out the secret task.
7．(2015·陕西高考)For your own ________ (safe), please keep away from the tiger cage.
Ⅱ.用恰当的冠词填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.
2．(2016·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while.
3．(2016·浙江高考)________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ twoweek holiday in Paris.
4．(2015·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the
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American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.
5．(2015·广东高考)Mr. Jones lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.
6．(2015·江苏高考)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's ________ wet blanket.
7．(2015·浙江高考)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
8．(2015·重庆高考)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
9．(2015·陕西高考)________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.
10．(2015·四川高考)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.
Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空(主谓一致)
1．(2016·全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.
2．(2015·湖南高考)It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.
[能力提升演练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．These ________ ( regulate) apply to everyone, without exception.
2．She made a ________ (complain) to me about the weather here.
3．Only ________ (ambition) students get the best marks.
4．An ________ (appreciate) of art will enrich your life.
5．There is a growing ________ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
6．Though considered ________ (intelligence), the top student is quite modest.
7．He is ________ (embarrass) because he made a mistake.
8．A hero is not ________ (necessary) one who has done brave things.
9．It is hard to work ________ (efficient) in such a small space.
10．They say Mr. Green is an honest, hardworking and very ________ (rely) man who deeply cares for his family and friends.
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Ⅱ.单句语法填空(主谓一致)
1．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
2．Three quarters of the money ________ (spend )on the water project last year, which can benefit the local area.
3．My brother is one of the students who ________ (choose) to join the forces.
4．This is because two thirds of the earth's surface ________ (be) made up of vast oceans.
5．—Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to...
—Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ________ (cheat) by such tricks by now.
6．Every day the boy, together with his classmates, ________ (notice) to go to the playground and play football, enjoying themselves.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．What a fun it was to watch the 31st Olympic Games held in Brazil between August 5 and August 21st this year！________
2．Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party.________
3．Nobody but three students were in the laboratory at that time.________
4．The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggest that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.________
5．To go swimming are helpful for shaping your body.________
6．The“Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's wellbeing and the dream of harmony, peace and development.________
7．In the supermarket fruits are sold by the weight. ________
8．The Smiths，as well as their friend who likes football games，has traveled with the team.________
9．In the eyes of many people, a knowledge of English is the must in the modern world today.________
10．More students than one in the class has been to Beijing and more than one student has visited the Great Wall.________
Ⅳ.语篇填空
A．用a，an，the填空
There once was a king who offered ____1____ prize to ____2____ artist who would
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paint ____3____ best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all ____4____ pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.
One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was ____5____ perfect picture of peace.
The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged (崎岖的) and bare. Above was ____6____ angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down ____7____ side of the mountain tumbled (翻腾) a foaming (水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.
But when the king looked closely, he saw behind ____8____ waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack (裂缝) in the rock. In the bush ____9____ mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest—in perfect peace.
The king chose ____10____ second picture.
B．用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文
A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most lucky. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life.” Experience shows that he was right. Good ____1____ (friend) are just not easily formed.
To most of us, friendships are thought very important, but we need to have the kinds of friendships we want. Are they to be close or kept at arm's ____2____ (long)? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enough and that's all right. But at some point we need to make sure that our ____3____ (expect) are the same as our ____4____ (friend) expectations. The sharing of ____5____ (person) experience is the surest way ____6____ (deepen) friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are signs of interest and ____7____ (act) return.
What are some of the difficulties to friendship? The greatest is the ____8____ (attract) to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships take time. Another main difficulty is the ____9____ (selfish) to think one “owns” the other, including his time and ____10____ (attend). Similarly，friendships need actions in return. In other words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of each other. Unless you spend reasonable time together, talking on the phone,
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writing letters or doing things together, friendships will die away.
Ⅴ.阅读理解
It was a cold March day in High Point，North Carolina.The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice，stamping their feet to stay warm.Eighthgrader Taylor Bisbee shivered (发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play.The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.
Suddenly，Paris fell to the ground.“Paris's eyes rolled back，”Taylor says.“She started shaking.I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was.Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.Without immediate medical care，Paris would die.At first，no one moved.The girls were in shock.Then the softball coach shouted out，“Does anyone know CPR？”
CPR is a lifesaving technique.To do CPR，you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs.Without oxygen，the brain is damaged quickly.
Amazingly，Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before.Still，she hesitated.She didn't think she knew it well enough.But when no one else came forward，Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.“It was scary.I knew it was the difference between life and death，”says Taylor.
Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Paris's heartbeat returned.
“I know I was really lucky，”Paris says now.“Most people don't survive this.My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right：For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
Today，Paris is back on the softball team.Taylor will apply to college soon.She wants to be a nurse.“I feel more confident in my actions now，”Taylor says.“I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”
1．What happened to Paris on a March day?
A．She caught a bad cold.
B．She had a sudden heart problem.
C．She was knocked down by a ball.
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D．She shivered terribly during practice.
2．Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A．She made a worthy friend.
B．She recovered from shock.
C．She received immediate CPR.
D．She came back on the softball team.
3．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A．Enthusiastic and kind.
B．Courageous and calm.
C．Cooperative and generous.
D．Ambitious and professional.
Ⅵ.语法填空
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界) __1__ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side __2__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required __3__ (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt __4__ (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As __5__ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even __6__ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food __7__ (be) full of fat and salt；by __8__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be __9__ (care) not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，__10___ is not good for the health.
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参考答案
第一部分 课标词汇·基础语法演练
课时1 课标词汇(1)与名词、冠词和主谓一致
【课标词汇演练】
Ⅰ.1. designed; in opposite directions; carried out 2. breakthrough; aim to; with the help of 3.To raise the service standard; appreciate 4.put aside; run into deep debt 5.no matter which; defense/defence; depends/relies on 6.felt guilty of; for fun 7.learning by heart 8.now that 9. play their part /role in; success 10. including; add to; having access to
Ⅱ.1. kindergartens 2. inventions 3. patiently 4. Judging 5. confidence 6. compulsory 7.width 8. shallow 9. celebration 10. import
【基础语法演练】
高考经典演练Ⅰ.1.introduction [空格前是冠词，空格后是of所有格，故此处用名词形式。]
2．effects [side effect“副作用”，为可数名词，前面有some修饰，因此用复数形式。]
3．attraction [句意：但是对于旅游者来说，熊猫是最具吸引力的东西。根据its top可知此处应该用名词。]
4．achievement [句意：那么，先处理最重要的任务你将会感受到真正的成就感。根据a real sense of可知后面应该跟名词。]
5．credit [句意：按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚交可能会影响你的信用(credit)。根据affect your可知应该用名词。]
6．identity [句意：当他去执行这项秘密任务的时候，他给自己起了一个新的名字来隐藏他的“身份”。根据hide his可知应该用名词。]
7．safety [句意：为了你自己的安全，请远离老虎笼子。根据your own可知此处用名词。]
Ⅱ.1.a [此处表示“作为一名模特”，表泛指，应用不定冠词a。]
2．a [句意：通过走出去一会儿让你的身体和大脑休息一下。for a while “一会儿”是固定短语。]
3．The;
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a [句意：这次比赛给获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。第一个空格表示对比赛获胜者的奖励，是特指，故用the。第二个空格泛指一次为期两周的假期，用不定冠词a。]
4．the [根据最高级most modern可知此处应该填定冠词。]
5．a [此处表示泛指和属性，所以填不定冠词。]
6．a [句意：——为什么你没邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？——唉，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定表达a wet blanket令人扫兴的人或物。]
7．a；the [句意：简的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书，但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。考查冠词。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空为固定表达get in the way妨碍，阻碍。]
8．the；a [句意：我刚听说Dora工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora工作的那家银行”，第二空为泛指，表示“一位蒙面持枪歹徒”。]
9．The；the [句意：一个人的知识越是渊博，他通常就越谦虚。考查固定句式the more...the more...越……越……。]
10．a [句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。不定冠词用在人名前，表示“一个像……那样的人”。]
Ⅲ.1.is [根据主语是leaving...表示一件事情，所以填is。]
2．is；takes [考查主谓一致。句意：非常重要的是我们必须铭记成功是由每天点点滴滴的积累，而且要花很多年才能获得。分析句子结构可知宾语从句的主语是success，and连接两个并列谓语，都用单数形式。]
能力提升演练
Ⅰ.1.regulations 2.complaint 3.ambitious 4.appreciation 5.tendency 6.intelligent 7.embarrassed 8.necessarily 9.efficiently 10.reliable
Ⅱ.1.is 2.was spent 3.have been chosen 4.is 5.has been cheated 6.is noticed
Ⅲ.1.去掉what后的a 2.were→was 3.were→was
4．suggest→suggests 5.are→is 6.the→a 7.by后的the去掉 8.has→have 9.is后的the→a 10.class后的has→have
Ⅳ.A.1.a 2.the 3.the 4.the 5.a 6.an 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.the
B．1.friendships 2.length 3.expectations 4.friends'
5．personal 6.to deepen/of deepening 7.action 8.attraction 9.selfishness 10.attention
Ⅴ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在寒冷的三月的一天，垒球队的姑娘们在训练时发生的惊心动魄的一幕——Paris突发心力衰竭，生死关头，队友Taylor勇敢地站出来，对她进行心肺复苏，最终使她平安脱险。
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1．B [细节理解题。由第三段第二句“Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知，Paris突发心脏病，故选B项。A项“她得了重感冒”，C项“她被球击倒”，均为无中生有；D项“在练习中她剧烈发抖”曲解文意，是对首段中Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little的曲解。]
2．C [推理判断题。由倒数第三段Paris的话可知，这种情况下，多数人都很难存活，她是非常幸运的，是团队救了她，故选C项“她得到了即时的心肺复苏术”。A项“她交了一个可敬的朋友”，B项“她从休克中康复”，D项“她回到了垒球队”，均不是她说自己幸运的最根本原因。]
3．B [推理判断题。由第五段可知，Taylor虽然对自己的技术不太自信，但在没有其他人站出来的情况下，仍然跑向Paris并开始做心肺复苏术，她心里清楚，这是生与死的区别，由此可以推测Taylor是非常勇敢而且冷静的，故选B项。A项“热情且善良的”，C项“善于合作且慷慨的”，D项“有野心且专业的”。]
Ⅵ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了饮食低脂、低盐的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。
1．as [考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。]
2．effects [考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。]
3．to process [考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。]
4．are removed [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。]
5．a [考查固定搭配中的冠词。as a result结果，是固定搭配。]
6．worse [考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。]
7．is [考查时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。]
8．eating [考查非谓语动词之动名词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。]
9．careful [考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。]
10．which [考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。]
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