课时7 课标词汇(7)与定语从句和名词性从句
【课标词汇演练】
Ⅰ.完成句子(动词短语，介词，非谓语动词等)
1．Friendships can come from a number of desires. Unhealthy ones like need and the wish for flattery(奉承) are ________ the more healthy ones like mutual (共同的)interests and a shared sense of humor. The healthy and unhealthy ones ________ together.
友谊可以来自许多愿望。不健康的欲望如需要和希望得到奉承和诸如共同的兴趣和分享幽默感是一样常见的。健康的和不健康的愿望经常被混在一起。
2．________ the person who he had just ________ was none other than the murderer who had escaped from the prison.
他突然想起来那个刚才和他闲谈的人正是从监狱逃脱的杀人犯。
3．As a new advertising manager，you should ________ some means to ________ the new employees so as to make yourself popular with them.
作为新上任的广告经理，你要采取些措施来适应新的员工以便他们能喜欢你。
4．Since all the examination rooms have been equipped with cameras，you had better give up the plan of cheating in the examination or you deserve the punishment ________.
既然所有的考场都安装了摄像头，你最好还是放弃作弊的念头吧，否则被抓到也是自找苦吃。
5．To our surprise，________ the rich, even though many people devote themselves to supporting the whole family，they still can't afford to own a house.
令我们惊讶的是，相比富人，很多人拼尽全力来维系家庭，但仍无法买得起一套房子。
6．We know ________ that our climate is changing and our weather is becoming more ________ due to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels(化石燃料). When we burn coal in factories or drive cars in the street, we produce CO2. All of this extra carbon needs to go somewhere. ________ land plants and the ocean have taken up about 55 percent of it, while about 45 percent has stayed in the atmosphere.
毫无疑问我们知道我们的气候正在变化，由于诸如燃烧化石燃料的人类活动，我们的天气状况变得更极端。当我们在工厂烧煤或者在街道上开车，我们产生了二氧化碳。所有这些额外的碳需要去某个地方。到目前为止，陆地植物和海洋已经吸收了大约55%，而大约45%停留在大气中。
7．We have long been told that using mobile phones on airplanes could be dangerous.
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“It could interfere with the plane's communication network，” flight staff might say. What they really mean could be: “If you ________， then you alone will be responsible for crashing this plane.” Well, as it ________， this might not be true at all.
我们一直被告知，在飞机上使用移动电话可能是危险的。“这可能干扰飞机的通信网络”，飞行人员可能会说。他们真正的意思可能是：“如果你不把你的手机收起来，那么你就将对这架飞机坠毁负责任”。嗯， 事实证明，这可能根本不是真实的。
8．In the university，________ are that you can select/choose your favorite course from chemistry，________， philosophy, photography, psychology, ________， literature, physics, politics and so on.
在大学，你很可能从化学、地质学、哲学、摄影、心理、生物、文学、物理、政治等科目中选你喜欢的课程。
9．The international company intended to establish several branches in different regions, so it would ________ some mechanics, engineers, carpenters, accountants, professors, secretaries, lawyers, salesmen and architects.
这家跨国公司计划在不同地区设立分店，所以将招聘一些机械工、工程师、会计、教授、秘书、律师、销售员和建筑师。
10．In order to remain in existence, any insurance company must, ________， produce the goods that consumers consider useful and that enable them to reduce the loss.
任何保险公司要长期生存，必须提供消费者认为有用并能减轻他们损失的产品。
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．Can you guess what his ________ (国籍) is according to his accent?
2．They watched him closely in case he should ________ (逃跑)．
3．We must ________ (装备)the army for the modern war.
4．Using 50% recycled content in a ________ (塑料的)bottle can reduce its carbon footprint by up to 25%.
5．I'm afraid I can't ________ (付得起) the doctor's fee.
6．We are your employees, but this doesn't mean that we must obey you ________(无条件地).
7．________ (提拔) to a higher position, Mr. Brown works even harder and more busily.
8．If you see an incident of animal ________(残酷；残忍), note the date, time, location, type and number of animals involved.
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【基础语法演练】
[高考经典演练]
Ⅰ.定语从句语法填空
1．(2016·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the Mid1980s, ________ I was the first TV Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
2．(2016·全国新课标Ⅲ卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C. influenced the development of chopsticks.
3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes ________ I cooked were Mom's favourite.
4．(2016·北京高考)I live next door to a couple, ________ children often make a lot of noise.
5．(2016·江苏高考)Many young people, most of ________ were well educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
6．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
7．(2016·浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ have been proved.
8．(2016·上海高考)She was taking the food to the refuge camp, in ________ she distributed it to children.
9．(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
10．(2015·四川高考)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
Ⅱ.名词性从句语法填空
1．(2016·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ________ I live.
2．(2016·北京高考)Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
3．(2016·北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
4．(2016·江苏高考)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
5．(2016·天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have
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an assistant. There is much work to do.
6．(2016·上海高考)Eventually, I decided to follow her and ________ happened truly amazed me.
7．(2016·上海高考)I was so impressed by ________ selfless she was.
8．(2015·全国新课Ⅱ卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found ________ his parents were missing.
9．(2015·江苏高考)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
10．(2015·安徽高考)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.
[能力提升演练]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It is difficult to make an accurate ________ (predict) about the effects on the environment.
2．It may be ________ (risk) but we will keep on carrying on it anyhow.
3．The general was relieved of his office as a supreme ________ (command).
4．His novel is full of extraordinary things that people find ________ (fascinate).
5．Like all natural ________ (phenomenon), meteorites deserve our respect, but not our fear.
6．The hungry ________ (crime) came out of his hiding place.
7．We were not in the least worried about the ________ (possible) that sweets could rot the teeth.
8．Do you know when this kind of robot came into ________ (exist)?
9．We need more feedback from the ________ (consume) in order to improve our goods.
10．When I looked forward, I could see the sky above the ridge of mountains ________ (bright)．
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成下列句子(名词性从句)
1．He made a promise to himself ____________________________________________.
他给自己许下诺言今年，他在高中的最后一年将是不同的。
2．You'd better give the task to ______________________________________________.
你最好把这个任务给你认为能提前完成的任何人。
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3．When they were asked ______________________， the kids said they wanted to feel very important and love.
当他被问他们最需要什么，孩子们说他们想感到自己很重要和爱。
4．____________________ made him wild with joy.
他得到高分并且通过了高考考试使他欣喜若狂。
5．We have some doubt ____________________________________________________.
我们怀疑他们是否能准时到达他们的目的地。
6．He has made it clear _____________________________________________________.
他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。
7．________won't be an excuse for your failure.
你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。
8．________ they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见学生应该对未来做好准备。
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．I could no longer ignore that fact what he was unhappy. ________
2．That remains to be seen whether he will recover. ________
3．Is this the way in that you work in the office？________
4．The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.________
5．He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.________
6．People who had heard the news were afraid to go to the forest which a tourist was attacked by a tiger.________
7．Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.________
8．A story I read two years ago, which name I can't remember clearly, greatly changed me and now I always take a positive attitude toward.________
9．As is surprising to us is that Marie, for whom French was once boring, can speak French fluently as though she were a native speaker.________
10．We'll never forget the days when we spent together happily in the middle school. ________
11．The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday.________
12．It was a meeting that importance I didn't realize at that time.________
13．He asked me how many English words I have learned by the end of last month.________
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14．If our team can win the match depends on many aspects. ________
15．He ordered that the injured had been taken good care of.________
16．Where will they go is to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.________
17．This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language.________
18．What the earth moves around the sun is known to all.________
19．I think this is the most valuable advice which has been given by your coach.________
20．Which is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.________
Ⅳ.用适当的关系词或介词＋关系代词填空
1．My grandparents live in the apartments the walls of ________ are white.
2．I would visit some museums ________ should not be missed to widen my horizons as well as enrich my knowledge.
3．She told me all ________ had happened to her lovely dog that day.
4．Nowadays parents have done everything for their single children, ________ makes the children rely on their parents badly.
5．________ you know, Chinese knots are very popular with Chinese people.
6．You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city ________ you live to attend an international meeting.
7．There was a teapot fashioned like a china duck out of ________ open mouse tea was supposed to come.
8．The first place ________ we paid a visit to in Hangzhou was the West Lake.
9．Everyone needs a few good friends，________ they can share their thoughts, feelings and secrets.
10．The scientists finally found 225 flowering plants，________ he collected and brought home 193.
Ⅴ.用适当的连词填空
1．________ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China.
2．________George discovered in California was different from ________ he saw in the movies.
3．We were all surprised when she made it clear ________ she would retire
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soon.
4．It is none of your business ________ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
5．Only the white collars themselves know ________ others see as a good life is actually a boring life.
6．Evidence came up ________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months ago.
7．What is concerning us greatly is ________ the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free.
8．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's ________ I don't agree. You should have a more active life.
9．Before space travel, an astronaut must know ________ it might feel like to stay in an imaginary environment.
10．Sam is an honest boy, but I don't know ________ he lied to me.
Ⅵ.语篇填空 (定语从句)
Do you know the man __1__ wrote this book? He was Jason, one of the engineers __2__ came from Russia in the 1950s. He worked in the same factory __3__ my father once worked. When he came to China, the first thing __4__ he did was to visit the factory __5__ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason __6__ China was so backward in it. Then he spent every minute __7__ he could spare to help China develop transportation. __8__ is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner __9__ made great contributions to our country and was a kind man __10__ we should say thanks.
Ⅶ.阅读理解
Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗)．But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing antivaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.Already this year,115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected.This is called “herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't
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work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N.Y.，where a 17yearold caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk.Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免)，sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out.But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons.But personal opinions？Not good enough.Everyone enjoys the lifesaving benefits vaccines provide，but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
1．The first two paragraphs suggest that ________.
A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C．antivaccine movement has its medical reasons
D．information about measles spreads quickly
2．Herd immunity works well when ________.
A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together
C．the whole neighborhood is involved in
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
3．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A．The overuse of vaccine.
B．The lack of medical care.
C．The features of measles itself.
D．The vaccine optouts of some people.
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4．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
Ⅷ.语法填空
Man: Well, Christmas is almost here. So，what do you want from Santa this year?
Micky: A toy car and walkietalkies.
Man: Really? Well，and what __1__ you，Emily? What do you want for Christmas?
Emily: If I can't have __2__ Barbie radio, um, I would have some fragile dolls. And if I can't have some fragile dolls，it doesn't really matter __3__ I get.
Man: Wow. Well, I'm excited, and Santa __4__ (come). And how is Santa going to get inside the house, Micky?
Micky: Um, __5__ (go) down the chimney...
Man: Okay, so he's going to go down __6__ chimney, and should we prepare anything for Santa?
Micky: Yeah !
Man: What are we going to prepare for him, Emily?
Emily: Um. We could prepare some __7__ (cookie) for him and some hot chocolate, and, um, we could give Rudolph some, um, hot chocolate __8__ a bowl and a cookie. And we could give some of the reindeer some cookies and some hot chocolate in a bowl.
Man: Well, what do you think? They, um, reindeer probably don't eat cookies, but what else could we give __9__， Micky?
Micky: Um，apples.
Man: Ah, that's good. And, uh...
Emily: Oranges and bananas.
Man: Okay and what __10__ do you think we should go to bed?
Emily: Um, seven.
Man: About seven o'clock. Well，that's exciting. I'm really happy that Christmas is coming.
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课时7 课标词汇(7)与定语从句和名词性从句
【课标词汇演练】
Ⅰ.1.as common as; are often mixed 2.It suddenly occurred to him that; chatted with 3.adopt; adapt yourself to 4.when (you are) caught 5.compared with/to 6.without doubt; extreme ; So far/By now/Until now 7.don’t put your phone away; turns out 8.the chances; geology; biology 9．employ 10.in the long run
Ⅱ.1.nationality 2.escape 3.equip 4.plastic 5.afford 6.unconditionally 7.Promoted 8.cruelty
【基础语法演练】
高考经典演练1.when [考查定语从句。根据先行词是the Mid1980s，可知此处应该用关系副词when引导一个非限定性定语从句。]
2．who [考查定语从句。根据先行词是the great Chinese scholar Confucius表示人，可知此处用who引导一个非限定性定语从句，并且在从句中作主语。]
3．that/which [考查定语从句。根据先行词是the dishes，在定语从句中作宾语，可知此处填that或者which引导一个限定性定语从句。]
4．whose [考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子(whose children)经常吵吵闹闹。whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作children的定语。]
5．whom [考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人都前往偏远地区追逐梦想，他们中大多数人(most of whom)受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，主句(Many young people headed for...)结构完整。此处考查“代词＋of＋whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰many young people。]
6．when [考查定语从句。句意：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。]
7．which [考查定语从句。句意：人类为什么能哭出眼泪，关于这一点科学家们提出了很多理论，但没有一个得到证实。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是many theories，指物，故关系代词只能用which。]
8．which [考查定语从句。根据先行词the refuge camp在定语从句中作in的宾语，可知应该用关系代词which。]
9．as [句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。]
10．whose [考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。先行词为the books，和名词covers之间是所有关系，故用whose作定语。]
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Ⅱ.1.where [考查宾语从句。根据close to修饰前面的a restaurant可知后面表示地点，所以用where。]
2．Whatever [考查主语从句。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你能做什么(whatever＝anything that )，都会对我们有帮助。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，]
3．that [考查表语从句。句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导。]
4．that [考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”。]
5．that [考查同位语从句。 句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故用that引导。]
6．what [考查主语从句。根据主语从句缺少主语，且表示事情，可知应该用what＝the thing that。]
7．how [考查宾语从句。根据selfless是形容词，可知此处用how引导一个感叹句，并且做by的宾语。]
8．that [考查宾语从句。根据后面的句子不缺少成分，可知应该用that引导一个陈述句。]
9．Where [句意：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。从句where Li Bai was born作该句子的主语。]
10．what [句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非是建造船的目的。is后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。what在句中既作连接词又作从句中for的宾语。]
能力提升演练
Ⅰ.1.prediction 2.risky 3.commander 4.fascinating
5．phenomena 6.criminal 7.possibility 8.existence
9．consumers 10.brightened
Ⅱ.1.that this year, his last year in high school, would be different.
2．whoever you think can finish it ahead of time
3．what they needed most
4．That he had got high points and passed the high entrance examination
5．whether they can reach their destination on time
6．that he will not give in
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7．That you didn't know the rules
8．It is obvious to the students that
Ⅲ.1.what→that 2.That→It 3.that→which 4.去掉it 5.them→which 6.which→where或者在which前加in
7．第二个is→are 8.which→whose 9.As→What
10．when→that/which 或者去掉when 11.because→that
12．that→whose 13. have→had 14.If→Whether 15.had been→(should) be 16.will they→they will 17.This→It 18.What→That 19. which→that 20.Which→As
Ⅳ.1.which 2.which 3.that 4.which 5.As 6.where 7.whose 8.that 9.with whom 10.of which
Ⅴ.1.That 2.What; what 3.that 4.what 5.what
6．that 7.when 8.where 9.what 10.why
Ⅵ.1.who 2.who 3.where 4.that 5.which/that
6．why 7.that 8.As 9.who/that 10.to whom
Ⅶ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻疹疾病卷土重来，引发了非常危险的趋势，究其原因，是有些人抵制麻疹疫苗。作者提出群体免疫才是最安全的，强调了接种疫苗的重要性。
1．A 推理判断题。由第二段首句中的but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend可推知A项“少量的麻疹病例可以引发危险的趋势”正确。前两段并未提到麻疹的爆发引起了公众的关注，排除B项；前两段也未提及抵制疫苗运动的原因，排除C项；D项“关于麻疹的信息传播很快”曲解文意，是对第一段中misinformation that is spreading quickly的曲解。
2．C 细节理解题。由第三段首句“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.”可知C项“整个街区都包含在内”正确。A项“允许豁免”与群体免疫相悖，可排除；B项“几种疫苗一起使用”，无中生有；D项“在国家法律中加入新的规章”仅为手段，由倒数第二段中的“But no one does enough to limit exemptions.”可知效果甚微，也可排除。
3．D 推理判断题。通读文章可知，麻疹卷土重来的主要原因是有些人抵制疫苗，故选D项。A项“滥用疫苗”，B项“缺乏医疗护理”及C项“麻疹自身的特点”均为无中生有。
4．C 主旨大意题。很多人决定不接受麻疹疫苗，结果引起麻疹疾病的爆发，由此可知本文的目的是强调疫苗的重要性，故选C项。A项“介绍豁免的概念”，B项“讨论治愈麻疹的方法”及D项“呼吁平等的医疗权”均非文章的意图。
Ⅷ.圣诞节就要到了，围绕圣诞老人的礼物展开话题，贴近生活。
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1．about [考查固定搭配。...what about you？当你问了别人一个问题后，他做了回答，并问另一个人同样的问题时说的话，即你呢？]
2．a [考查冠词的用法。radio是可数名词，此处是单数形式，因此用a。]
3．what [考查主语从句。句中的it是形式主语，what I get是主语从句，其中的get是及物动词，缺少宾语，因此用what。]
4．is coming [考查动词时态。表示位置移动的词可以用现在进行时态表示即将要发生的动作。如：The bus is coming.车来了。]
5．go [考查祈使句。祈使句要用动词原形。]
6．the [考查冠词。根据上文中go down the chimney，可知chimney表示特指，因此要用the。]
7．cookies [考查名词复数。根据前面的some可知要用复数形式。]
8．in [考查介词。根据后面句子And we could give some of the reindeer some cookies and some hot chocolate in a bowl.可知。]
9．them [考查代词。此句子中缺少宾语，根据上文内容的They，um, reindeer probably don't eat cookies可知 reindeer这里是复数形式，因此用代词them。]
10．time [考查固定句型结构。从下文的回答seven以及About seven o'clock可知，问句应该是问时间的，即．..what time do you think we should go to bed？]
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