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真题研练52
Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
(2015·北京，C)
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen，a scientist in biology，says，“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they're eating it，or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become seethrough? It's trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light，at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don't see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments，so its tissues won't absorb light.According to Johnsen，avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin，fat，and more—and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some
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animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light，it is easier to be seethrough.Others build a large，clear mass of nonliving jellylike(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge，because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they're doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear：for these larger animals，staying transparent is an active process.When they die，they turn a nontransparent milky white.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科技说明文，文章解释了生活在海洋里的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。
1．According to Paragraph 1，transparent animals ________.
A．stay in groups
B．can be easily damaged
C．appear only in deep ocean
D．are beautiful creatures
答案 B [细节理解题。由第一段第三句“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.”可知大部分的透明动物都极度脆弱，轻微的触摸都能使其受到损害。故选B。]
2．The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．silently B．gradually
C．regularly D．completely
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，你能看到物体一种是因为它们对光进行了散射，另外一种是因为它们对光的吸收，既然吸收了，那么光在传播过程中就被完全阻止了。故选D。]
3．One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.
A．change the direction of light travel
B．gather materials to scatter light
C．avoid the absorption of light
D．grow bigger to stop light
答案 C [细节理解题。由第五段第一句“To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.”可知为了成为透明动物，它需要阻止自己的身体吸光或者是散射光。故选C。]
4．The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals ________.
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A．move more slowly in deep water
B．stay seethrough even after death
C．produce more tissues for their survival
D．take effective action to reduce light spreading
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中“they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light”可知，它们不得不让身体中所有的不同的组织降低光的传播速度。故选D。]
Task 2：词汇积累
1．surface n．表面
2．typically adv.典型地；代表性地
3．surrounding adj.周围的n.环境
4．absorb vt.吸收；吸引……的注意
5．delicate adj.精致的，易碎的
6．visible adj.明显的；看得见的
7．original n．原件；原作 adj.原始的；最初的
8．transparent adj.透明的，明显的
9．bounce v．弹起，弹回
10．challenge n．挑战
Task 3：单句语法填空
1．These animals ________ (typical) live between the surface of the ocean and a ________ (deep)of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.
2．But some materials slow and scatter light，________ (bounce) it away from its original path.
3．Animals are built of many different materials—skin，fat，and more—and light moves through each________ a different speed.
4．Without much tissue to scatter light，it is easier ________ (be) seethrough.
5．One thing is clear for these larger animals，________ (stay)transparent is an active process.
答案 1.typically；depth 2.bouncing 3.at 4.to be 5.staying
Task 4：单句改错
1．To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body absorbing or scattering light.
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2．The real challenge is preventing light from scatter.
3．Most of them are extremely delicate and can damaged by a simple touch.
4．They have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as many as water does.
答案 1.body后加from 2.scatter→scattering 3.can后加be 4.many→much
Task 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，尝试翻译成汉语)
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.
分析：这是一个主从复合句，The objects around you are visible是主句，because they interact with light为原因状语从句。
译文：你周围的物体都是看得见的因为他们与光相互作用。
Task 6：经典句式背诵
1．The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
真正的挑战是阻止光线扩散。
2．That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water.
那意味着透明的物体与周围的空气与水大不相同。
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