专题04必修4重点词汇（讲解部分）20172018学年高一英语下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题Word版含解析.doc

‎2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题 专题四 必修4重点词汇 讲解部分 要点一：observe ‎(2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Just last year, I was a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and opened it up.‎ A. observing B. preparing C. designing D. conducting ‎【参考答案】D ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. observe (1)vt. 观察；观测 observe sth. 观察某事物 observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 observe that... 观察到……‎ ‎(2)vt. 遵守 observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则 ‎2. observer n.观察者；观测者；遵守者 observation n. 观测；监测；观察，观察力 under observation 被监视 ‎【易混辨析】observe/look at/see/watch/notice 易混词 用法 observe ‎＂观察＂，侧重于从不同的角度长时间地看并研究。‎ look at ‎＂集中注意力地看＂，强调动作。‎ see ‎＂看见，看到＂，强调结果，一般不用进行时态。‎ watch ‎＂注视，注意或仔细地看或观察＂，侧重所看事物的变化、移动和发展。‎ notice ‎＂看到，注意到，觉察到＂，指(偶然)看到细小的但可能重要的事情，强调结 果。‎ ‎【特别注意】‎ observe sb. do sth. 指的是观察某人做某事的全过程，do为不带to的动词不定式，变成被动语态时要把to 补充出来，即sb. be observed to do sth.。相似用法的还有使役动词(如make)、感官动词(如see，hear等)。observe sb. doing sth. 指的是观察到某人正在做某事，变成被动语态为sb. be observed doing sth.。‎ observe及物动词，作＂留心到；注意到；观察＂解时，其用法与see, hear等相似，可用于以下句型：①跟带有不带to的不定式的复合结构，但在被动结构中，不定式必须带to。②跟带有现在分词的复合结构，表示＂注意到的动作＂正在进行。也可以跟从句。‎ ‎【巧学妙记】口诀巧记各种＂看＂：‎ 看场电影用see，读书看报用read；‎ 电视、戏剧和比赛，凡是表演用watch；‎ observe细观察，一时注意notice。‎ 要点二：respect ‎1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)We were ______________(respect) of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.‎ ‎2. (2016•新课标全国卷I改编) They had little _________________ (敬意) for their grandparent.‎ ‎3. (2016•北京改编) I want to prove that I can teach myself a _____________(respect) profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. respectful ‎2. respect ‎3. respectful ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. respect (1)vt. & n. 尊敬，尊重 respect sb. for sth. 因……而尊敬某人 respect oneself自重 ‎(2) n. 敬意，尊重；方面，关于 have respect for sb. =pay/show respect to sb. 尊敬某人 gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 out of respect (for…) 出于尊重(……)‎ treat old people with respect 充满敬意地对待老人 in respect of 关于……；就……而言 with respect to关于/谈到……‎ ‎2. respectable adj. 可敬的，值得尊敬的；体面的 a respectable person 一个正派的人 respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的 be respectful to their elders 对长辈有礼貌 respected adj. 受敬重的 respective adj. 各自的，分别的 要点三：argue ‎1. (2017·浙江改编) The governments ______________(争论) that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.‎ ‎【参考答案】argue ‎2. (2014·广东) According to a recent research, the most common between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.‎ A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge ‎【参考答案】B ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. argue vi. 争吵，争论；vi. & vt. 辩论，主张，说服 argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对……‎ argue with sb. (over/about sth.) (就某事)和某人争论 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 主张……；认为……‎ argue back 反驳 ‎2. argument n. 争论；争吵，论据，论证 ‎ have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事 a heated/loud argument 激烈的争论 beyond argument 无可争辩 ‎【语境妙记】‎ The workers, who argued for their own rights, argued with the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages. 为了自身的权利争论的工人们同他们的老板辩论数日，结果没能说服老板给他们加薪。‎ 要点四：look down upon/on ‎1. We should not _______________________ disabled people.‎ 我们不应该看不起残疾人。‎ ‎2. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)Let’s take a look ______________ them now.‎ ‎3. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编)Sarah Thomas is ______________(期望) the challenge of her new A-level course.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. look down on/upon ‎2. at ‎3. looking forward to ‎ ‎【知识讲解】‎ look up to 敬仰，尊重 look up 抬头看；查阅 look out 当心，小心 look into 调查；了解 look through 浏览；审查；看穿 look on/upon...as... 把……看作……‎ look forward to 盼望，期待 look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起 要点五：refer to ‎(2017·新课标全国卷I改编)What does the underlined phrase ＂the water catcher＂ in paragraph 2 ______________(指的是)?‎ ‎【参考答案】refer to ‎【特别注意】‎ refer to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词等作宾语。‎ ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. refer to (1)查阅；参考 refer sb. to sth. 让(人)参考……，让(人)参阅……‎ ‎(2)谈到，提及；涉及 refer to...as... 把……称作……‎ refer to sb. for sth. 向某人问及……‎ ‎2. refer...to... 把……归因/归于……；把……提交给……‎ ‎3. reference n. 提及，涉及；参考，参考书 for reference以备查阅 要点六：intend ‎1. (2017·天津改编) You write an unkind message about someone, ______________ (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing.‎ ‎2. (2017·天津改编) Clicking ＂reply all＂ ______________(unintention)‎ ‎3. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, ______________(intend) back and forth.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. intending ‎2. unintentionally ‎3. intentional ‎ ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. intend vt. 计划；打算 intend to do/doing sth. 打算/想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 计划让某人做某事 be intended for/to do... 旨在，预定……用途；为……打算的 had intended to do...=intended to have done... 本打算做……‎ intend that… 打算……‎ ‎2. intended adj. 打算的；故意的 intention n. 意图；目的；打算 ‎　with the intention of… 怀着……目的 ‎ have no/every intention of doing sth. (没)有做某事的打算 not have the slightest intention of doing sth. 没有一点儿做某事的打算 intentional adj. 存心的；故意的 ‎　intentionally adv. 故意地；存心地 要点七：thanks to ‎1. (2015·安徽) modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.‎ A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of ‎【参考答案】A ‎【知识讲解】‎ thanks to由于；多亏 because of 因为；由于 owing to 由于，因……之故 as a result of 作为……的结果，由于 due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)‎ on account of 由于；因为 ‎2. 完成句子 ①I couldn’t attend the meeting ____________ ____________ illness.‎ 我因病不能出席会议。‎ ②The delay was ____________ ____________ power failure.‎ 延滞是由于停电。‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎①owing to/ due to/ because of ‎②due to ‎【易混辨析】thanks to, because of, owing to与due to thanks to, because of, owing to 和due to 都是短语介词，都有＂由于＂、＂因为＂的意思，后面都接名词词组构成介词短语，但在用法上略有不同。‎ 易混词 用法 thanks to 引导的介词短语在句中作状语，多放句首。‎ because of 引导的介词短语在句中作状语，可放句首或句末。‎ owing to 引导的介词短语在句中通常作状语或表语。‎ due to 引导的介词短语在句中通常作状语或表语。‎ 要点八：be satisfied with ‎1. (2014•北京改编)Apparently ____________(satisfy) that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.‎ ‎2. (2014•四川改编) The manager was 　　 　(satisfy) to see many new products developed after great effort. ‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. satisfied ‎2. satisfied ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. satisfy vt.& vi.(使)满足，(使)满意 satisfy one’s needs/demands满足某人的需要 satisfy sb. with sth. 使某人满足于某事 be satisfied with对……感到满意 ‎2. satisfaction n. 满足，满意 to sb.’s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是 with satisfaction 满意地 feel satisfaction at/in对……感到满意 get/ gain/ derive satisfaction from从……中得到满足感 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 ‎ satisfactory adj. 令人满意的，够好的 要点九：would rather ‎1. (2016·浙江) I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer. I be in prison!‎ A. ought to B. might well C. would rather D. had better ‎【参考答案】C ‎2. 单句改错 ‎ ①I would rather you come tomorrow rather than today.‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②He would rather stay at home than to go out for a walk.‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎①come改为came ‎②删除to ‎【知识讲解】‎ would rather宁愿，宁可 would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事 would rather do...than do...=would do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……；与其……倒不如……‎ would rather (that) sb. did... 宁愿某人做某事(表示希望与现在或将来的事实相反)‎ would rather (that) sb. had done... 宁愿某人做过某事(表示希望与过去的事实相反)‎ would rather have done本来想做……(而实际上没有做)‎ 要点十：confuse ‎1. (2017•天津改编)Because of the ____________(confuse), Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.‎ ‎2. (2016•上海改编)After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was __________(confuse). ‎ ‎3. (2014•新课标全国卷Ⅰ改编)How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused ___________all of the options in front of you and never make progress?‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. confusion ‎2. confused ‎3. by ‎ ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难 confuse A with/and B 分不清A和B confuse black and white混淆黑白；分不清两物之间的不同 confuse sb. with sth. 某事让某人困惑 be confused by 被……弄混/弄糊涂 ‎2. confused adj. 混乱的；迷惑的(表示人的内心感受)‎ be confused about 对……感到困惑 confusing adj. 难以理解的，令人费解的(表示事物的状态)‎ ‎【易混辨析】confuse/puzzle 易混词 用法 confuse 表示令人头脑混乱或异常惊讶，有时强调事情的混乱。‎ puzzle 指事物不能解释，令人感到迷惑，比confuse语气轻。‎ 要点十一：focus ‎1. (2017•新课标全国卷II改编)We were respectful of craft（技艺）and _________(focus) ‎ on digging into the characters we were going to play.‎ ‎2. (2015•重庆改编)When everyone else in the class was focusing ___________ tasks, I could not.‎ ‎3. (2016•北京改编)Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep ___________(focus) for more than an hour at a time. ‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. focused ‎2. on ‎3. focused ‎ ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. focus (1)n. (兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点 be in focus 焦距对准；清晰 be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊 bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上 ‎(2) v. (使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦 focus one’s attention/thoughts/efforts on集中注意力/思想/努力于 the focus of attention关注的焦点 focus sth. on/upon sth.=fix...on...使……集中于……‎ be focused on/upon sth.=be fixed on 集中于……‎ ‎2. 近义短语：‎ fix one’s thoughts/attention on/upon 全神贯注于 concentrate on/upon 全神贯注于 pay attention to 注意 be absorbed in专心于 be buried in 专心于 be lost in全神贯注于 apply oneself to专心，致力于……‎ devote...to....献身于……；全身心地投入……‎ ‎【特别提醒】‎ appreciate后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时，从句之前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate, love, like, dislike等。‎ 要点十二：content ‎1. (2017·江苏改编) How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?‎ By introducing some of its _____________(内容).‎ ‎2. (2017·天津改编) She seemed so _____________(满意的) in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. contents ‎2. content ‎【知识讲解】‎ content (1)adj. 满足的，满意的。‎ feel/be content with 对……满足 be content to do sth. 甘心/满足于做某事 ‎(2)n. 满足；内容；目录；含量。‎ to one’s heart’s content心满意足地；尽情地 ‎(3)vt. 使满足 content sb./oneself with... 使某人(自己)对……感到满足 ‎【特别提醒】‎ ‎1. content作＂内容，目录＂理解时为可数名词，常用复数形式。‎ ‎2. 作定语时应用contented。‎ ‎【巧学妙记】图记content多个含义：‎ 要点十三：direct ‎1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate _____________(direct), Wang Xiaoying.‎ ‎2. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) The low point of the sheet must be centered _____________(direct) over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.‎ ‎3. (2017·浙江改编) He _____________(direct) the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.‎ ‎4. (2017·天津改编) _____________(direct) are very specific.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. Director ‎2. directly ‎3. directed ‎4. Directions ‎【知识讲解】‎ ‎1. direct (1) vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥 direct…at/towards sb. /sth. 把……指向某人/事 direct sb. to a place 指引某人到某处 direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事 ‎ direct (that) sb. /sth. (should) do/be done 指示/命令某人做/某事被做 ‎【特别提醒】‎ direct表示命令、指示时，后可以引导that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should＋) do。‎ ‎(2)adj. 直的，直接的；率直的，恰好的；完全的。‎ a direct flight/train直飞航班/直达列车 ‎ a direct result/link/connection 直接的结果/关系/联系 a direct person/manner/answer 直性子的人/坦率的态度/直截了当的回答 ‎2. direction n. 指导；方向；[常用复数]说明书 in every direction = in all directions 朝四面八方 in the direction of朝……方向 under the direction of 在……的指导下 directly adv.直接地；立即；conj. 一……就……(引导时间状语从句)‎ 要点十四：react ‎1. (2017•北京改编) However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain ____________(react).‎ ‎【参考答案】reaction ‎2. (2016·浙江改编) I made friends with the natives, and their amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.‎ A. movement B. reaction C. guidance D. purpose ‎【参考答案】B ‎3. How did he ____________your answer?‎ A. react to B. refer to C. lead to D. object to ‎ ‎【参考答案】A ‎【试题解析】考查动词短语。react to对……作出反应；refer to提及，查阅，涉及；lead to导致；object to反对。句意：他对你的回答是怎样反应的？故选A。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】‎ ‎1. react vi. 作出反应；回应 react to sb./sth. 对……做出回应 react with sth. 与……起化学反应 react against sb./sth. 反对，对抗某人/事 ‎2. reaction n. 反应，回应 reactive adj. 反应的，回应的；能起化学反应的 reactivity n. 反应性 reactor n. 反应器，核反应堆 要点十五：approach ‎(2016•新课标全国卷I改编)They then heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. ____________ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. ‎ A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching ‎【参考答案】D ‎【拓展延伸】‎ approach (1)vt. & vi. 接近，靠近，走近 approach sb. for/about sth. 就某事与某人商量/交涉 be approaching 正在/将要接近 approach to接近，近似 ‎(2)n. 接近；方法；途径 on the approach of...在快到……的时候 make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人 approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法 ‎【易混辨析】approach/method /way/means approach，way，method和means都可表示＂方法＂，要注意它们的区别：‎ approach 指处理某事的具体方法、步骤。与介词to连用。‎ method 指有理论的、系统的、详细的方法。构成method of doing sth 结构。‎ way 普通用语，侧重简便的方法或途径。构成the way to do/of doing sth 结构。‎ means 单复数同形，可指具体的或抽象的方法、手段。构成by...means结构。‎ 要点十六：defend ‎1. (2016•四川改编) They help the body ________________ (保护自己免受) some kinds of infections. ‎ ‎【参考答案】defend itself against ‎2. (2014•广东改编)For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the ‎ shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to their actions.‎ A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider ‎【参考答案】D ‎【拓展延伸】‎ defend vt. 保护，防卫；辩护 defend sb. /sth. from...保护某人/物免遭……‎ defend sb. /sth. against...抵御……‎ defend with sth. 用……来保卫 ‎3. 用defend, guard或protect的适当形式填空 ‎①She ______________herself successfully in court yesterday.‎ ‎②A line of forts was built along the border to ______________the country against attack.‎ ‎③We keep dogs to ______________our houses at night against thieves.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎①defended ‎②protect/defend ‎③guard ‎【易混辨析】defend/guard/protect defend 指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭，也可指为某人或某论点辩护。常与against连用。‎ guard 意为＂保卫,警卫,看守＂，指为了保证安全而站立守卫，含有警惕之意。常与against连用。‎ protect 指借用某种东西作为防御、保护工具，使人或物免受伤害，这种保护的成功率比defend，guard高。常与against，from连用。‎ ‎【巧学妙记】‎ ‎ ‎ 要点十七：likely ‎1. (2017·浙江改编) While ____________ is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.‎ ‎2. (2016•新课标全国卷II改编) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ____________________ (bring) your work home.‎ ‎3. (2016•上海) If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely __________________ (get )ill.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. it ‎2. to bring ‎3. to get ‎【拓展延伸】‎ likely adj. 可能的。‎ It’s likely that sb....=sb. be likely to do...某人很可能……‎ unlikely adj. 不太可能发生的 be unlikely to...不大可能……‎ ‎【特别注意】‎ likely作副词的时候多和most, very连用。‎ ‎4. 用likely, possible或probable填空 ①The thieves were not _____________ to know how much it is worth.‎ ②According to the test, it is _____________ that the disease has a genetic element.‎ ③Would it be _____________ for me to leave a message for her?‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎①likely ②probable ③possible ‎【易混辨析】likely/possible /probable likely 侧重从表面看，某事很有可能发生，与probable意思相近。likely在作表语时，其主语可以是人也可以是物。‎ possible 强调客观上有可能，但也常常暗示＂实际上希望很小＂。常用的句式为＂It is possible for sb to do sth＂ 或＂It is possible+that从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人作主语。‎ probable 主要指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，常有＂大概，很可能＂的意味，语气较possible强。常用的句式为＂It is probable+从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人或不定式作主语。‎ 要点十八：turn one’s back to ‎1. (2016•天津) Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.‎ ‎ A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on ‎ C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on ‎【参考答案】A ‎2. (2014•安徽) When the sports hero ___________ at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.‎ A. turned up B. left off C. moved on D. got away ‎【参考答案】A ‎【试题解析】句意：当体育英雄在我们的聚会上出现的时候，他受到热烈的欢迎。turned up出现。‎ ‎3. (2014•浙江)How could you ____________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.‎ ‎   A. turn off           B. turn in C. turn down          D. turn to ‎【参考答案】C ‎【拓展延伸】‎ turn one’s back to背对，背弃 turn on 打开 turn down 拒绝；关小 turn out 结果是；证明是 turn to 向……求助；转向 turn up 出现；到达；突然发生 turn over 翻转；翻阅；反复思考 turn one’s back on sb. 不友好地拒绝帮助别人 turn a deaf ear to 对……置若罔闻 turn a blind eye to 对……视而不见 要点十九：attraction ‎1. (2017·北京改编) TOKNOW makes complex ideas _____________(attract) and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）— and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.‎ ‎2. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) This _____________(attract) tour takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes.‎ ‎3. (2015•上海改编)Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of _____________ (attract).‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. attractive ‎2. attractive ‎ ‎3. attraction ‎4. (2017·新课标全国卷I)Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating ‎ without speaking ____________ me.‎ A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted ‎【参考答案】D ‎【拓展延伸】‎ ‎1. attraction n. 有吸引力的事物；吸引 have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb. 对某人具有/不具有/有一点/很有吸引力 ‎2. attract vt. 吸引；引起 attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 attract sb. to...使某人受……吸引 attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的 be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力 attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地 要点二十：come to life ‎1. (2015•重庆改编) As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa _________________________(活跃起来).‎ ‎【参考答案】comes to life ‎2. (2015•浙江) We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ___________ our emotions than for straight facts.‎ A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across ‎【参考答案】B ‎【试题解析】句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。A. block off封锁，B. appeal to吸引，C. subscribe to订阅，D. come across遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，这道题的关键就是连词or，or＂或者＂，用于并列句。所以 our emotions跟前面excite our senses(让我们激动)意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是B。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】‎ come to life活跃起来；苏醒过来 come back to life 苏醒过来 come to oneself 苏醒过来 come to 总计；谈到；达到某种状态 when it comes to… 当谈到……的时候 bring…to life 使……生动；使苏醒；使想起 make a life维持生计，谋生 live/lead a(n)…life过着……的生活