第六讲 介词、介词短语
掌握介词的基本意义，轻松应考
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ____________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
as 解析：此处表示“作为一种与心脏病作斗争的方法”，故填as“作为”。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____________their hands.
with 解析：with“用(工具)……”，符合句意。
3．(2016·四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda ____________ more than two years.
for 解析：“for＋一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away ____________ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.
by 解析：乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式，by car“开车”。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.____________________
去掉第二个of 解析：realize是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，of多余。
6．(2017·广东七校第二次联考)In October 1st, I went to Tian’anmen Square with my parents, where we watched the flagraising ceremony.____________________
In→On 解析：考查介词。介词on表示在具体的某一天。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．at, in, on表示时间
(1)at表示某一时刻
at 12：00(在12点)，at noon(在中午), at night(在夜里), at midnight(在半夜), at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破晓), at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落), at dusk(在黄昏)。
(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980’s/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the
morning/afternoon/evening。
(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)
on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd。
2．by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示时间
(1)by指“到……时(为止)”
(2)before“在……以前”
(3)after“在……后”
(4)until/till指“直到……为止”
(5)during“在……期间”
(6)within“在……之内”
He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry.
他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。
3．between, among表示“在……之间”
between指“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。
Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.
保持亲密的师生关系。
4．by, in, on, with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等”
(1)by表示“乘，坐(交通工具)”或“通过……方式”；
(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词；
(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。
①by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship
②go to school on my bike, on foot
③Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
④We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
5．about, on表示“关于”
about多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形，on多指内容属于专门性的，是严肃的或学术性的，有时两者可通用。
He gave a report on/about the international situation at the meeting.
他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。
6．from, since表示时间
(1)from表示开始的时间，译为“从……开始”，多用于“from...to/till”结构中；
(2)since表示“自……以后，从……以来”。
We work from Monday to Friday every week.
我们每周从周一工作到周五。
I haven’t heard from him since last year.
自从去年，我就没有收到过他的来信。
7．with的常见用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为。
Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
The small child trembled with fear.
那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。
8．for的用法
表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就……而言”。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education. 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。
9．without的用法
表示“没有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。
It is a pity that David is away on business. Anyhow, you’ve got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him. 很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，你有大量时间可以单独在纽约游览。
10．against的用法
(表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
11．beyond的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。
介词用法不算难，固定搭配记心间
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused ____________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
on 解析：be focused on意为“集中于……”，为固定搭配。
2．(2016·天津卷)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ____________ her opinion on the subject.
to 解析：give voice to意为“表达，吐露，发泄”，为固定短语。
3．(2016·天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry ____________ a conversation with her.
on 解析：carry on“继续进行，从事”，为固定短语。
4．(2017·昆明质量检测)A lack ____________ water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems.
of 解析：考查固定搭配。a lack of为固定搭配，意为“缺乏”。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.____________________
dreams后加of 解析：dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定用法。
6．(2017·福建福州八中高三质检)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation, can we go beyond ourselves.____________________
with→to 解析：attach importance to意为“重视……”，为固定搭配。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．名词与介词搭配
by accident 偶然
by chance 碰巧
on board 在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
on business 因公出差
on average 平均
in charge 掌管，主管
in particular 特别，尤其，详细地
in place 适当的，恰当的
in the distance 在远处
in favo(u)r of 赞成，支持
in honour of 为了纪念，对……表示敬意
in spite of 尽管，虽然
in turn 依次，转而
in vain 徒劳
in memory of 为纪念……
in return 作为回报
in order 按顺序，处于良好状态
for instance 例如，比如
2．动词与介词搭配
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
call at 访问(某地)
call for 要求，需要
care about 关心
do harm to 伤害
fix one’s eyes on 注视
get rid of 免除，摆脱
run out of 用完
come up with 提出
put forward 提出
make fun of 取笑
adapt to 适应
refer to 涉及，查阅
come across (偶然)遇见
pick up 捡起，用车接(某人)，接收，偶然习得
3．形容词与介词搭配
be curious about 对……好奇
be proud of 因……而自豪
be popular with 受到……的欢迎
be anxious about 为……忧虑
be concerned about 对……担心、忧虑
be present at 出席
be absent from 缺席
be free from 免于
,[学生用书P30] )
单句语法填空
1．(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea, the Yangtze is a natural division ____________ north and south.
between 解析：由句意及句中的and可知，此处表示两者(南和北)之间，用介词between。
2．(2017·湖北华大联盟高三2月质检)The theory of kung fu is based ____________ classical Chinese philosophy(哲学)．
on/upon 解析：base...on/upon...为固定搭配，意为“建立在……基础上”。
3．(2017·平顶山市调研)Another good reason ____________ reading books is that it is useful.
for 解析：在reason后面用for表示“……的原因”，故填for。
4．(2017·太原二模)I said hello ____________ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？”
to 解析：考查介词。say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，符合语境，故用介词to。
5．(2017·浙江台州期末考试)It means that we cannot use some modern household items, ____________ washing machines and they use too much water.
like/including 解析：根据“some modern household items”可知，此处表示举例，故可填like“例如”，或填including，表示“包括”。
6．(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评)My parents and teachers were surprised ____________ my bad performance.
at 解析：句意：我的父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊讶。be surprised at为固定短语，意为：对……感到惊讶。
7．(2017·江西赣中南五校一模)Nowadays, millions ____________ lonely singles are now going online.
of 解析：句意：现在，数以百万计的感到孤独的单身们正在上网。millions of为固定结构，意为：数以百万计的。
8．(2017·河南八市重点高中质检)Ocean currents changed ____________ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.
with 解析：句意：洋流随气候变化而变化，并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示伴随，意为：随着。
9．(2017·河北正定中学月考)Sichuan is home ____________ pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.
to 解析：句意：“be home to...”为固定句型，意为：是……的故乡、产地。
10．(2017·山东师大附中二模)She said her name was Miss Bai She and kindly offered to show me ____________ the city.
around 解析：句意：她说她名叫白蛇小姐并热心地主动提出带我参观这座城市。show sb.around sp.为固定短语，意为：带某人参观某地。
单句改错
1．(2017·郑州第一次质量预测)Last weekend we went for camping in the mountains with our teacher, Anna.____________________
删除for 解析：考查固定搭配。go camping表示“野营”，故介词for多余。
2．(2017·贵阳检测)But the butcher refused and even argued that it wouldn’t do harm her health._____________ _______
her前加to 解析：考查介词。do harm to为固定搭配，意为“对……有危害”，故加介词to。
3．(2017·江西南昌调研)Under his help, we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems.____________________
Under→With 解析：with one’s help为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”，故将Under改为With。
4．(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评)Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study.____________________
去掉with 解析：句意：首先，你们可以分享高效的学习经验来促进你们的英语学习。share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物。本句中share后为分享的内容，故将with删除。
5．(2017·湖北襄阳第一次调研)They say they have learned what is not taught in textbooks and have got a great deal practice.____________________
deal后加of 解析：句意：他们说他们学到了在教材中没有的内容并得到了很多实践。a great deal of为固定短语，意为：许多。
6．(2017·山东临沂一模)If you find a position at there, I’m sure you’ll have a rapid improvement in both your character and ability.____________________
去掉at 解析：句意：如果你在那里找到一个职位，我确信你会在品质和能力上都会有迅速的提升。there为副词，可单独作状语，故将at删除。
7．(2017·山西晋商四校联考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break.____________________
In→On 解析：句意：在周日上午，李林刚要学习这时他父亲走了过来建议他休息一会儿。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”时，需用介词on而非in。
8．(2017·福建龙岩3月质检)Cell phones are much easier for us to take notes and more convenient to search what we need.____________________
search后加for 解析：句意：我们使用手机做笔记更容易些，使用手机搜寻我们需要的东西更方便。search for搜寻；search搜身。根据本句意思可知需将search后加for。
短文改错
(2017·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)This morning, I got an email from the
library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving around the small parking lot, try to find a parking space. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them to him. He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.
答案：
This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, at that moment I was very . Outside the library, I saw man driving around the small parking lot, to find a parking space. He for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them him. He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.
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