由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
Section_ⅣGrammar
单元语法项目(一)——一般现在时和现在进行时
语法图解
探究发现
①What do you do at weekends?
②Do you often study at weekends?
③I often watch TV series, sport and news.
④I seldom have time for fun and other activities with my family.
⑤Light travels faster than sound.
⑥The train leaves at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning.
⑦We are learning English at the moment.
⑧Listen, she’s now complaining about her lunch.
⑨Brian Blakey is sitting on his sofa.
⑩Brian’s wife is working as a secretary.
[我的发现]
(1)句①～⑥使用了一般现在时；其谓语动词的构成是：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。
(2)句⑦～⑩使用了现在进行时；其谓语动词的构成是：动词ing形式。
(3)一般现在时的时间状语：at_weekends,_often,_seldom等。
(4)现在进行时的时间状语：at_the_moment,_now等。
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
一、一般现在时
(一)构成和句式
肯定式：主语＋do/does或be(am, is, are)＋其他
否定式：主语＋do/does＋not或be(am, is, are)＋not＋其他
疑问式：Do/Does或Be(Am, Is, Are)＋主语＋其他
(二)用法
1．表示经常、反复或习惯性的动作
常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every time/day/month/year ..., once a day/month/year ..., now and then, at the weekend等时间状语连用。
I leave home for school at 7 o’clock every morning.
我每天早晨七点钟离开家去学校。
She often answers some personal emails at the weekend.
她经常在周末回复一些私人邮件。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①On Monday mornings it usually takes (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
②We sometimes play (play) basketball after school.
③I always do (do) my homework on weekends.
2．表示主语目前所处的状态、个性特征、能力等
I love to get together with my friends.
我喜欢和我的朋友在一起。
We have a very good relationship with the children.
我们与孩子们相处得非常融洽。
[即时演练2]
(1)单句语法填空
①He likes (like) playing basketball while his brother loves (love) surfing the Internet.
②Ann writes (write) good English but does not speak well.
(2)单句改错
This machine didn’t work.It hasn’t worked for years. didn’t→doesn’t
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
3．表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实
The earth moves around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转动。
Two and four makes six.
二加四等于六。
[名师点津] 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。
[即时演练3]
(1)完成句子
①The teacher told us all the live things on the earth depend_on_the_sun (依靠太阳)．
②My mother always tells us that failure_is_the_mother_of_success (失败是成功之母)．
(2)单句改错
My geography teacher told us oceans covered more than 70 percent of the earth’s surface.covered→cover
4．表示将来发生的动作
表示按规定、计划等预计要发生的动作，只限于go，come, leave, start, arrive, return, begin, take off等动词(词组)。
The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每星期三、五2：30起飞。
The film starts at 7 o’clock this morning.
这部电影于今天上午7点整开始。
[即时演练4] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①According to the timetable, the flight No.232 to Beijing leaves (leave) at 10：30 am. We’d better set out right now, or we’ll be late.
②The concert begins (begin) at 7：30 and ends (end) at 9：30.
③The plane takes (take) off at 11：30 and arrives (arrive) in Shanghai at 1：20.
5．用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中
在由when, after, before, as soon as, the minute, until, if, unless, once, as long as, though, although等引导的时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时来代替将来时，这时主句常用一般将来时。
If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam.
如果你努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
We will go out for a walk as soon as the rain stops.
雨一停我们就出去散步。
[即时演练5] 完成句子
①(2014·湖南高考改编)Whenever you buy_a_present (买礼物), you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.
②(2014·大纲卷改编)Unless some extra money is_found (被找到), the theatre will close.
③(2014·重庆高考改编)You’d better write down her phone number before you_forget_it (你忘掉它)．
二、现在进行时
(一)构成和句式
肯定式：主语＋be(am, is, are)＋doing＋其他
否定式：主语＋be(am, is, are)＋not＋doing＋其他
疑问式：Be(Am, Is, Are)＋主语＋doing＋其他
(二)用法
1．表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态
常与时间状语now, right now, at the moment等连用，如果句子中出现提示语如look, listen, hurry (up)等也经常用现在进行时。
Don’t make any noise.The baby is sleeping now.
不要吵，孩子正在睡觉。
Look！He is flying a kite.
看！他正在放风筝。
[即时演练6] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2014·北京高考改编) —Hi, let’s go skating.
—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I am_filling (fill) in an application form for a new job.
②(2013·北京高考改编)Hurry up！Mark and Carol are_expecting (expect) us.
③Listen! Someone is_singing (sing) in the next room.
2．表示现阶段正在进行，但说话时动作不一定进行
常与时间状语at present, these days, nowadays等连用。
How are you getting on with your study these days?
近来你的学习怎样？
At present, scientists are looking for a cure for cancer.
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
目前，科学家们正在寻找治愈癌症的方法。
[即时演练7] 完成句子
①We can’t move in; the house is_being_painted (正在被粉刷) at present.
②We are_eating_a_lot_of_seafood (吃很多海鲜) in Qingdao these days.
③He is_writing_a_novel (正在写一部小说) nowadays.
3．表示反复出现或习惯性的动作
常与always, forever, constantly, all the time等搭配使用，隐含说话人的赞扬、喜好或厌恶等情绪。
She is always helping people.(赞扬)
她总是乐于助人。
He is constantly talking loudly in public。(厌恶)
他总是在公共场合大声说话。
[即时演练8] 完成句子
①He is_always_complaining_about (老是抱怨) his work.
②He is_always_thinking_more_of_himself (总是为自己想得多) but little of others.
4．表示按计划或安排即将发生的事
动词go, come, start, begin, move, win, leave, run out, take off, return等可用现在进行时表将来。
—Are you still very busy?
—Yes, I am just finishing the report for the manager and it won’t take long.
——你还很忙吗？
——是的。我快要完成经理的报告，它不会用多长时间了。
—Mr Harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school.
—OK, I am coming to that.
——哈里先生，我们想听听你对于我们学校正在实施的改革的意见。
——好的，我正要讲到(那个事情)。
[即时演练9] 完成句子
①(2012·重庆高考改编)Food supplies in the floodstricken area are_running_out (快用完了). We must act immediately before there’s none left.
②I am_leaving_for_Shanghai (即将动身去上海) the day after tomorrow but my uncle is_returning_from_abroad (要从国外回来) tomorrow.
③He_is_coming_to_attend_your_birthday_party (他会来参加你的生日宴会) this afternoon.
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
5．表示由一种状态转入另一种状态的渐进过程
连系动词become, begin, turn, get, go等常用现在进行时。
Autumn is coming. It’s getting cooler and cooler.
秋天要来了，天气越来越凉了。
[即时演练10] 翻译句子
①树叶在变红。
The_leaves_are_turning_red.
②他开始想家了。
He_is_beginning_to_miss_his_home.
6．下面四类动词不宜用于进行时态
(1)表示心理状态、情态的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。
He loves her very much.
他非常爱她。
(2)表示存在、占有与从属的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on等。
Look at the pride on Tom’s face.He seems to have been praised by the manager just now.
看汤姆脸上骄傲的神情，他似乎刚才被经理表扬了。
(3)表示行为结果的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。
I accept your advice.
我接受你的劝告。
(4)表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。
I can hear a funny noise.
我能听到一个古怪的声响。
[即时演练11] 完成句子
①Look! The car over there belongs_to_me (属于我)．
②She understands_you_better (更好的理解你) now after getting along with you more than two months.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The sun rises (rise) every morning from the east and sets (set) every evening in the west.
2．—Betty, where does the great noise come from?
—A group of boys are_playing (play) football at the back of our house.
3．Hurry up, kids！The school bus is_waiting (wait) for us.
4．If nothing is_done (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
5．—Can I borrow your car?
—Sorry. It is_being_repaired (repair)．
6. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers (bother) us.
7．Next Sunday many people are_coming (come)to my birthday party.
8．It often takes (take) him half an hour to finish his homework.
9．He’s lost his key again.He is always making (make) such mistakes.
10．I will discuss this matter with you when we meet (meet) next time.
Ⅱ.单句写作(完成句子)
1．(2015·四川高考改编)When I speak English, I often feel_a_little_nervous (感到有点紧张).
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ改编)The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is_very_popular
among_us_students (在我们学生当中很受欢迎)．
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ改编)Since you are_interested_in_traditional_Chinese_cultures (对传统中国文化感兴趣), I think this festival is_well_worth_experiencing (很值得去体验一下)．
4．(2015·陕西高考改编)As an outgoing girl, I get_along_well_with_my_classmates (与我的同学相处得很融洽)．
5．(2015·浙江高考改编)I usually express_my_opinion (表达我的观点) at an appropriate time in appropriate ways to try to persuade others.
6．(2014·安徽高考改编)I’m sorry to know that you’re_having_such_a_bad_time (你过得不好) at the moment.
7．(2014·天津高考改编)If you come to our school, you are_likely_to_meet_some_difficult
problems (有可能会遇到一些难题) in your life.
8．(2014·上海高考改编)You say in your paper that you’re_thinking_about (你们正在考虑) removing a column from your paper to make room for a new one.
单元语法项目(二)——一般将来时
语法图解
探究发现
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
①I’ll put some warm water in the basin so you can wash your face.
②What is she going to do in Inner Mongolia?
③It is getting dark.It looks as if it is going to rain.
④I am to meet Mr Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.
⑤He is coming to see you tomorrow.
⑥The train leaves at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.
⑦Here comes the bus.
⑧If he comes, I will phone you first.
⑨The new school term begins after I arrive.
⑩The international climate conference begins at 10 o’clock tomorrow according to the timetable.
[我的发现]
(1)句①谓语由will＋动词原形构成，用来表示单纯的将来安排和打算；句②中be_going_to意为“打算”，说明主语的意图，即将要做某事；句③中be_going_to表示已有迹象表明将发生某事。
(2)句④和句⑤谓语的构成分别为：be＋动词不定式；be＋doing，表示计划较强的将来动作。
(3)句⑥、句⑦、句⑧谓语动词的共同特点是：用一般现在时表示将来。
(4)句⑨、句⑩中用一般现在时表示不可改变的官方活动或时间表。
一、概念
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常常与表示将来的时间状语连用，常用的时间副词有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next＋时间(next Monday ..., next week, next month ..., next summer ..., next year)，in (the) future (将来), soon (不久之后), in＋时间[in five days (再过五天), in two weeks (再过两星期)]等。
二、结构
1．shall/will＋动词原形
用来表示单纯的将来的安排和打算(将要发生的动作或存在的状态)。在口语中，will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall。
I’ll go and see her on Sunday.
我星期天要去看她。
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
I shall/will graduate from the drama school next week.
我下个星期就要从戏剧学校毕业了。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2015·湖南高考改编)As you go through this book, you will_find (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
②(2015·安徽高考改编)It is reported that a space station will_be_built (build) on the moon in years to come.
③(2015·四川高考改编)More expressways will_be_built (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
④(2014·北京高考改编)—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I will_check (check) it for you.
⑤(2013·辽宁高考改编)We are confident that the environment will_be_improved (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
2．be going to＋动词原形
用“be going to＋动词原形”来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。
(1)表示打算或按计划、安排要做(发生)的事。
I am going to visit the volunteers this evening.
我打算今天晚上去拜访那些志愿者们。
The TV play is going to be shown at 8：00 this evening.
这部电视剧将在今晚8点上演。
(2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。
Look at these clouds.It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看这些乌云，看起来要下雨了。
[即时演练2] 完成句子
①Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is_going_to_visit_Beijing (打算去参观北京) this summer.
②They are_going_to_hold_a_meeting (打算召开一个会议) to discuss that thing this afternoon.
③The dark clouds are gathering as if it_is_going_to_rain (天要下雨了)．
3．be to＋动词原形
(1)表示预先安排好的计划或约定。
President Xi Jinping is to visit that country next week.
习近平主席下周将访问那个国家。
(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、命令、义务等。
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
All the questions are to be answered at once.
必须立刻回答所有的问题。
(3)表示注定要发生的事情。
Your plan is to be a failure.
你的计划注定要失败。
[即时演练3] 完成句子
①They are_to_meet_at_the_school__gate (将在学校门口见面)．
②No one is_to_leave_the_room (离开这个房间) without permission.
③You are_to_go_to_bed (要睡觉了) and keep quiet, kids.
4．be about to＋动词原形
表示客观即将要发生或眼下马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。但可以与when引导的时间状语从句连用，意为“正要做……，这时……”。
They are about to carry out the plan.
他们即将要实施这个计划。
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
[即时演练4] 完成句子
①She was_about_to_begin (正要开始), but Jennie spoke first.
②He was_about_to_leave_the_office (正要离开办公室) when the telephone rang.
5．现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来，往往表示计划好或准备要做的事，常用于一些表示位置转移的终止性动词，如go, come, leave, start, begin, arrive, take, take off, fly等，表示马上要做某事。
He is leaving school in one year’s time.
他一年后就要毕业了。
Wait a minute.I’m coming.
等一会，我马上就来。
[即时演练5] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2012·湖南高考改编)“The moment is_coming(come) soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
②I am_taking (take) the kids to the zoo this Sunday.
③We are_leaving (leave) tomorrow morning.
6．一般现在时表示将来
(1)表示按照时刻表要发生的事情，这种用法主要指严格按照原定计划、时刻表将要发生的事情。
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
The new library opens next month.
新图书馆下个月开放。
The sports meet takes place next week.
运动会下周举行。
(2)在以when, while, after, before, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句和以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
一完成工作，我就和你一起去。
We will go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去购物。
[即时演练6] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Do call me before you come (come) next time.
②Tom won’t attend the party unless he is_invited (invite)．
③Christmas falls (fall) on 25th December.
④If he comes (come), I’ll show him around our city.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．If he wins (win), I will inform you as soon as possible.
2．(2013·湖南高考改编)“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I will_be (be) president，” said the boy, with a smile.
3．When it comes (come) to the question, I will make no answer.
4．Her ship leaves (leave) at 7：40 pm, so she is_leaving (leave) home at 7：00.
5．I’ll give the book to him as soon as he comes (come) back.
6．I was about to_go (go) out when my boss came.
7．The midterm exam is_coming (come), and everyone is trying hard to study.
8．I shall_leave (leave) for Canada next Friday.
Ⅱ.单句写作(完成句子)
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ改编)By organizing these cultural and social activities, I’m sure they_will_have_great_fun (他们将玩得很开心) and spend a meaningful day.
2．(2015·北京高考改编)I am writing to tell you that I_am_going_to_take_part_in (我打算参加) a Dragon Boat Training Camp this summer.
3．Last but not least, in this way, the_students_will_understand_the_spirit_of_teamwork (同学们将会理解团队合作的精神)．
4．(2015·天津高考改编) At the same time, we_are_going_to_bring_along_about_five
hundred_books (我们打算带去近五百本书) with us for your class.
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
5．(2014·江西高考改编)In the next three years of your senior high school life, you_will_face
more_and_more_challenges (你将会面临越来越多的挑战)．
6．(2014·福建高考改编)I_was_about_to_give_up (我正要放弃) when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
7．(2014·福建高考改编)If you keep on trying, you_will_improve_your_maths (你将会提高你的数学水平)．
8．Worse still, if we spend too much time on phones, we_will_lose_the_communication
skills (我们将失去交流技能) we need in the future.
由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费
微信/支付宝扫码支付