Unit 4
单元语法专练
冠词a/an/the
冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。
1.不定冠词的用法。
不定冠词有a和an。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。
用法
举例
泛指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类。
A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。
首次提到某个单数可数名词。
There’s a bird in the tree.树上有一只鸟。
表示数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。
I have a sister.我有一个姐姐/妹妹。
用于固定短语中。
a little一点儿;wait a minute等一会儿
2.定冠词的用法。
用法
举例
特指某些人或物。
The children are coming.孩子们就要来了。
用于上文提到过的事物或双方都知道的事物前。
Mr Li works in a factory.The factory is far from his home.李先生在一家工厂上班,那家工厂离他家很远。
用于世界上独一无二的事物前。
The Moon goes around the Earth.月亮绕着地球转。
用于序数词或形容词最高级前。
Who is the youngest girl in your class?谁是你们班年龄最小的女孩?
用于姓氏复数名词前,表示一家人。
The Greens are going for a picnic next Sunday.格林一家打算下周日去野餐。
用于乐器名称前或方位名词前。
play the guitar 弹吉他;the east 东方
用于固定搭配中。
in the morning在上午;at the end of在……的尽头
方位介词
方位介词用来表示地点、方位和位移。介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,它必须与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语在句中充当句子成分。常用的方位介词可分为以下几组。
1.at与in。
at后常接小地点,in后常接大地点。例如:
I often stay at home at the weekend.周末我常待在家里。
When will you arrive in Shanghai?你什么时候到达上海?
2.between与among。
between一般指在两者之间,among表示在三者或三者以上之间。例如:
I sit between Daniel and Amy.我坐在丹尼尔和埃米中间。
Look!Mr Li is standing among his students.看!李老师正站在他的学生们中间。
3.beside,next to与 near。
2
beside意为“在……旁边”,next to意为“紧挨着,紧靠着”,near意为“在……附近”。例如:
Come and sit beside me.过来坐在我的旁边。
The pretty girl is standing next to the window.那个漂亮的女孩正站在窗户旁边。
Do you live near here?你住在这附近吗?
4.above,below,over,under与on。
above“在……上方”,反义词是below“在……下方”;over“在……正上方(垂直)”;under“在……正下方”;on“在……(物体)的上面”,指物体之间相互接触。例如:
There’s a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
Shall I write my answer below or above the line?我应该把答案写在线的下方还是上方?
There are some apples on the table.桌上有些苹果。
5.in front of与behind。
in front of 意为“在……前面”,表示在一定距离的前面,也可理解为在物体范围外的前面,其反义词是behind。例如:
There’s a park in front of the house.在那座房子的前面有一个公园。
Who sits behind you?谁坐在你后面?
Ⅰ.根据句意用a,an或the填空
1.—What do you want to be in the future,Nick?
—I want to be a pilot.It is an exciting job.
2.There is a big supermarket in the centre of our city.
3.—Will you get there by bus?
—No,I’ll ride a bike.
4.There’s an apple on the table. The apple is for my little brother.
5.His brother is an engineer.He works in a big company.
Ⅱ.根据句意用适当的方位介词填空
1.You must ride your bike along/on the right side of the road.
2.Mr Smith lives in that building.His house is on the fifth floor.
3.There is an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flies over our heads.
4.The girl is taller than her friend Henry,so she sits behind him in the classroom.
5.Beijing is in the north of China.
6.Before 2000,there was no airline between the two cities.
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