中考英语专题复习专题十八阅读理解第10讲阅读理解解题方法指导.docx

专题十八阅读理解 第10讲阅读理解解题方法指导 教学目标 ‎1. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的命题规律；‎ ‎2. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的解题方法；‎ ‎3. 掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的高频词。‎ 名师点拨 北京中考阅读理解CD篇命题规律总结 ‎ 阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解主要考察学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。近年来逐渐显现出文章易懂，但选题较难的趋势，要求阅读速度为每分钟约40-50词。‎ ‎ 北京中考阅读理解CD篇的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读量约在350-450字之间；2. 题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、科普环保类、教育类和社会现象类等；3. 体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。‎ ‎ 北京中考阅读理解CD篇考察的主要内容是：1. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力；2. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力；3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力；4. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力；5. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。‎ ‎ 建议：平时阅读理解要加强科普类、议论类文章的阅读，做题方法不要只停留在机械寻找信息上，注重文章写作结构、主旨大意、观点态度的理解上，阅读英文原著，不要局限于中考试题。‎ 北京中考阅读理解CD篇解题方法指导 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。‎ 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。‎ 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。‎ 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座 42‎ ‎，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。‎ 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。‎ 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。‎ 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。‎ 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。‎ 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。‎ 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。‎ 二、阅读理解解题技巧 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. Which of the following statements is true/false?‎ ‎2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ ‎3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 ‎2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 ‎3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题练习 ‎1. Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us "My name is August. I won't describe what I look like. Whatever you're thinking, it’s probably worse. " In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.（北京东城一模C篇）‎ How is Auggie different from other boys?‎ A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal.‎ C. He doesn’t go to school. D. He likes playing with his Xbox.‎ ‎2. It’s not a joke, nor have the Canadians gone mad. They are using these chickens to see if the West Nile virus (病毒) is still around. The virus infects birds, so the chickens have a chance of catching the virus and fall ill. The West Nile virus is spread among humans. It killed seven people in New York last year.（北京海淀一模C篇）‎ Why are Canadian officials placing chickens along the border? ‎ A. To help clean up the border. B. To see if the virus is still around. ‎ C. To protect the chickens from falling ill. D. To make sure that the birds can find food. ‎ ‎3. Few of us have heard ofNils Bohlin, but whenever we take a car journey his invention makes us safer. Found in almost every modem car, the three-point seat belt reduces our chances of death or injury (伤害）by at least 50% . While feeling thankful to this engineer from 42‎ ‎ Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea.（北京朝阳一模C篇）‎ Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_________.‎ A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 50%‎ 参考答案：B B D 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.‎ ‎2. From the text we know that _____.‎ ‎3. With which of the following does the author agree?‎ ‎4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 ‎2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 ‎3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题练习 ‎1. However, somehow it seems rude or perhaps makes people feel that you'reupset to sayto people “ I'm going to go and spend sometime by myself. ”Andoften when we are spending time‘alone’ , we are actually connected with a piece of electrical equipment. We try to make something into a Facebook or a Tweet to attract our friends, or we scroll (滚屏) through Facebook nosing into other people’s lives orseeing what friends are up to. We judge ourselvesand other people by the photos they put online, so we can tell how much fun they are having compared to us. This is an age when we can get so much surface information about other people's lives, but being wrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other people’s recognition (认可) of us can be quite unhealthy. Perhaps these days forget about the simple pleasure of spending time just for us.（北京东城一模D篇）‎ The writer agrees . ‎ A. It’s important to know what other people think of us B. its harmful to always compare ourselves with others C. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselves D. technology helps us to know about other people clearly ‎2. “Perfectionist kids are often driven by parents.” As a parent, see whether you are pushing your child to feel like she can't make a single mistake. Do you talk about top schools every day? Do you make a huge deal out of a grade that isn't an A? “You can ask your child, ‘Why do you think you have to get straight A's?”, Frank says. There's more to life. Parents can offer their children opportunities to have fun. “Model hard work, relaxation, laughter, and joy,” he says.“It's not what you say to kids, it's how you live.”（北京东城二模D篇）‎ What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children?‎ A. Choosing top schools for their children.‎ B. Doing something enjoyable with their children.‎ 42‎ C. Preventing their children from making mistakes.‎ D. Offering a lot of help with their children's study.‎ ‎3. While there are clearly both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to Apple’s latest invention, I personally like my single-purpose watch that simply tells me the time! What about you? Would you be interested in having a smart watch?（北京海淀二模C篇）‎ From the passage, we can learn that the writer_______.‎ A. worries about the safety of the smart watch B. thinks highly of the progress of technology C. introduces the newest kind of smart phones D. prefers single-purpose watches that tell the time 参考答案：B B D 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.‎ ‎2. The word“…”most likely means _____.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 ‎2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 ‎3. 通过构词法猜测词义 ‎4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 ‎5. 通过描述猜测词义 ‎6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 ‎7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题练习 ‎1. These days there are lot of possibilities to be always connected to family and friends. Now that I have just moved lo France, this can be very convenient. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber, or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenient and dependability of technology can be intrusive.（北京东城一模D篇）‎ What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?‎ A. Interruptive B. Helpful.‎ C. Unsatisfactory. D. Important.‎ ‎2. In all these cases to keep up good neighborliness, some understanding between the neighbors is important. Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.Try to be friendly and the problem will not be difficult to solve. Care can at times play a good part and help the neighbors in a small or big way. Nobody is perfect and it is better not to speak ill of your neighbors. A cheerful word, a nod or a small talk will strengthen the feeling of good neighborliness. ‎ 42‎ What does the sentence “Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? （北京海淀一模D篇）‎ A. Praising others can help to be good neighbors.‎ B. Unimportant disagreement can be easily solved. ‎ C. One can easily make good use of small arguments. ‎ D. Nobody can be perfect enough to speak ill of others. ‎ ‎3. Both companies and individuals（个人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.（北京东城二模C篇）‎ What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?‎ A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth.‎ 参考答案：A B C 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.‎ ‎2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.‎ ‎3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 ‎2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 ‎3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题练习 ‎1. Is this a smart invention or technology gone too far? While the Apple watch is stylish in appearance, I can’t help but question certain aspects（方面）of the new device. Is it a positive thing to be able to receive messages through a watch, or is this another way of letting technology upset our social lives?（北京海淀二模C篇）‎ What is probably the best title for this passage?‎ A. The Apple Watch：The Latest Invention B. The Apple Watch：Smart and Fashionable C. The Apple Watch：Technology Gone Too Far?‎ D. The Apple Watch：A Convenient Way to Exercise?‎ ‎2. Having said all that, I also think that spending too muchtime byyourself can separate you from others. I suppose it is important to find a good balance between spending valuable time by yourself and with other people.（北京东城一模D篇）‎ 42‎ What’s the best title for the passage?‎ A. Is technology really good for us?B. How can we keep in touch with others?‎ C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves?D. Do we spend enoughtime truly by ourselves?‎ ‎2015 has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysia—so there’s never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling to Malaysia, please visit www.tourism.gov.my.（北京朝阳二模C篇）‎ What is the writer’s purpose in the passage?‎ A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia. B. To report some interesting festivals.‎ C. To share his own experience. D. To introduce a foreign country.‎ 参考答案：C D A 语篇练习 北京中考阅读理解CD篇分类练习 日常生活类 ‎（北京中考C篇）‎ Are You Right Handed or Left Handed?‎ Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.‎ ‎ In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.‎ ‎ What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude（得出结论） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes – some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes.‎ ‎ However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming.‎ ‎ Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（在视觉方面）. In art, ‎ 42‎ both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.‎ If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember.‎ ‎1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .‎ A. get hurt ‎ B. give up cutting C. feel awkward ‎ D. change their tools ‎2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Causes of being left handed.‎ B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand.‎ D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.‎ ‎3. According to the passage, right-handers .‎ A. learn better visually B. are good organizers C. are better at single sports D. give clear directions to others ‎4. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .‎ A. may be more talkative and outgoing B. are ordinary people like right-handers C. might remember everyday things better D. no longer need to use right-handed tools 北京中考D篇 Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored?‎ Children need time to stand and stare. They should be allowed to get bored to that they can develop their ability to be creative.‎ Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.‎ Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things todo, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.‎ Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely.‎ 42‎ Dr. Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning. “Boredom could be an uncomfortable feeling,” she said. “But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively. So sometimes they may break a classroom window, or drive a car out for a mad race.”‎ Usually, when children have nothing to do, they would turn on the TV, the computer, or the phone. Their time on these things has increased, yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them.‎ It is this kind of thinking that can inspire the imagination. On the other hand, the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process. That can be harmful to the development of creativity. “For developing the ability to be creative,” Dr. Belton advised, “perhaps we need to stand and stare, and stay off-line from time to time.”‎ ‎1. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Slow down. ‎ B. Keep up with. ‎ C. Go beyond. ‎ D. Give rise to.‎ ‎2. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .‎ A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity ‎3. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Boredom provides children with space to think freely.‎ B. It’s much better for children to be busy than be bored.‎ C. Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly.‎ D. It’s boring for children to think about their experiences.‎ 北京东城一模C篇 Wonder is a book about a ten-year-old boy called August, or Auggie, who feels normal but looks very different.‎ What’sWonder about?‎ Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us "My name is August. I won't describe what I look like. Whatever you're thinking, it’s probably worse. " In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.‎ Auggie has never been to school because he has spent a lotof time in hospital. Hismother teaches him at home. But now he’s ten, she thinks he should go to school. At first, Auggie doesn’t want to go. He worries that other students will look at him and say terrible things.But when he visits a school with his mum, he likes the head teacher and decides to go. Auggie’s first year at school has good times and bad times. He makes some good friends but other children are rude to him. At the end of the year, Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening event there changes things completely.‎ 42‎ Is it a good book?‎ Wonder is an excellent book, It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions. It is easy to like Auggie. He has a good sense of humour, so the book has a good mix of funny and sad moments. But the book isn’t just about Auggie. We also learn what life for his sister, and his friend, Jack. Wonder is popular with people of all ages. Pre-teens, teenagers and adults all love the book.‎ A bestseller Wonder is RJ Palacio’s first book. On her website, she explains that she had the idea for Wonder after seeing a girl with deformities on the street one day. Many schools use the book to start discussions about bullying, friendship and being different.The book is very popular and has won prizes. Many people are looking forward to seeing what RJ Palacio writes next.‎ ‎1. How is Auggie different from other boys?‎ A. His name is special. ‎ B. His face shape is not normal.‎ C. He doesn’t go to school. ‎ D. He likes playing with his Xbox.‎ ‎2. Why doesn’t Auggie want to go to school at first?‎ A. Because he has to stay in hospital.‎ B. Because his mother teaches better than teachers.‎ C. Because he doesn’t think he should go to school.‎ D. Because he is afraid other students may make fun of him.‎ ‎3. What can we know about the book?‎ A. It tells the story of a real family.‎ B. Many schools use it to educate students.‎ C. Adults like the book more than children.‎ D. The emotions of the story are hard to understand.‎ 北京西城一模C篇 As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why don’t we learn to code(编码) computer programs too? What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and that’s why I love it. ‎ Creating with code Coder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn computer programming for free. When I went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at age nine, I didn’t know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great feeling that I think every young person should experience!‎ By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(记者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live in different time zones. It is still in development, and I have showed it at all event called Coolest Projects Awards, where young people get to show the public what they have created with code. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too. ‎ 42‎ Learningenvironment For the past three years I have also been helping to teach other young people at Coder Dojo DCU. In recent years I have also noticed many more girls attending Coder Dojo DCU to try out coding. This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls’ classes—girls and young women take part in it with their friends，and it doesn’t feel like coding is a “boy thing”. It is really wonderful to see this, because we need more girls and women in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths). It’s a good way to learn more about technology. ‎ Start early One of the main things I have learned in the last few years is that coding is not only for adults, coding is for young people, too. And when you are a child it is a great time to start coding, because your imagination is the limit for what you can create!‎ Want to learn more? Find out if there is a Coder Dojo near you at www. Coder dojo. com or set one up yourself! Also check out Code. org which has lots of fun drag-and-drop coding games. ‎ ‎1. In the writer’s first coding class, she _______. ‎ A. made apps and games ‎ B. created a web page C. wrote for newspapers ‎ D. did some interviews ‎2. Why do more girls begin to learn coding?‎ A. There are coding classes for girls. ‎ B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”. ‎ C. There are more girls in STEM. ‎ D. Girls can meet cool boys there. ‎ ‎3. What does the writer think of coding?‎ A. It is better than playing music. ‎ B. It limits children’s imagination. ‎ C. It stops people from learning fast. ‎ D. It helps children with their creativity. ‎ ‎4. What is probably the best title for this passage?‎ A. Start Coding as Early as Possible B. Come for Fun in Coder Dojo Class C. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to Code D. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women 北京海淀一模D篇 Living next to next is the principle (原则) of a neighbor. Good neighborliness is the ideal to be aimed at. As the saying goes, no man is an island; he has to live with his neighbors. To make life easy and pleasant, he must cooperate with his neighbors. ‎ Whether one likes it or not, one cannot do without neighbors. Normally one may think he can do without neighbors because he can manage all comforts and services, so the services or the need for a friend may not happen. However, the sympathy (同情), admiration and appreciation which a neighbor may offer will have a great humanizing influence. To share one’s view and sometimes even sadness, one needs some neighbors. ‎ 42‎ But all neighbors are not always keeping the friendly relationship. Stresses and tension (紧张) develop because of misunderstanding. Very often children may be the cause for tense feelings. The neighbor’s son may pick a flower or a fruit from your garden and an argument may follow. Again he may throw his ball at your window breaking it. These are common cases so far as the younger one is concerned but it is for the elders to view them with calmness and make up for it. This may read easy on paper but not so in real life. But being broad minded, one must be able to tolerate (容忍). Another reason for tension may be the animals. Your neighbor’s dog may be a real trouble or his chickens would come into your garden and eat away your plants. ‎ In all these cases to keep up good neighborliness, some understanding between the neighbors is important. Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.Try to be friendly and the problem will not be difficult to solve. Care can at times play a good part and help the neighbors in a small or big way. Nobody is perfect and it is better not to speak ill of your neighbors. A cheerful word, a nod or a small talk will strengthen the feeling of good neighborliness. ‎ Neighborliness is not only for people but it is also largely important between neighboring countries. History has got a lot to teach on this. Unless countries learn to live as good neighbors, there cannot be peace on earth. So children must be taught at home and in the school to cooperate with the neighbors and be friendly with them. The basic rule is to give and take and to develop a sense that the other man has as much right as you do, and some degree of tolerance is very necessary.‎ ‎1. What can we learn from the first paragraph? ‎ A. One is often needed by his family. ‎ B. No one likes to be alone on an island. ‎ C. Everyone has to live with his neighbors. ‎ D. Everyone lives an easy and pleasant life. ‎ ‎2. Which of the following may cause misunderstanding? ‎ A. Hobbies and habits. ‎ B. Children and pets. ‎ C. Sports and games. ‎ D. Likes and dislikes. ‎ ‎3.What does the sentence “Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? ‎ A. Praising others can help to be good neighbors.‎ B. Unimportant disagreement can be easily solved. ‎ C. One can easily make good use of small arguments. ‎ D. Nobody can be perfect enough to speak ill of others. ‎ ‎4. In the passage, the writer tries to ____. ‎ A. show the important of getting on with neighbors ‎ B. teach the basic rules of behaving well at home ‎ C. explain the reasons of learning teamwork ‎ D. introduce ways of being a better person ‎ 北京朝阳一模D篇 Eating Together After my mother passed away and my brother went to study in New Zealand, the first thing that really ‎ 42‎ felt different was the dinner table. My father and I began eating separately. We went out to dinners with our friends or just ate sandwiches in front of our computers. Then, a few weeks before I was set to leave for university, my father walked downstairs. “You know, I think we should start eating together even if it’s just you and me,” he said. “Your mother would have wanted that.”‎ It wasn’t perfect—the meals we made weren’t amazing and we missed Mom and my brother. But there was something special about setting aside time to be with my father. It was a comfortable moment to get away from busy days：an excuse to talk, to think about the day, and recent events. Eating together was a small act, and it needed very little of us—and yet it was surely one of the happiest parts of my day.‎ Sadly, Americans hardly eat together anymore. In fact, most American families report eating a single meal together less than five days a week. It’s a pity that so many Americans are missing out on the meaningful time with their loved ones, and it’s even more than that. Not eating together also has negative (消极的）effects both physically and psychologically (心理上地）.‎ Children who do not eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week were 40% more likely to be overweight compared to those who do. And students who do not eat with their parents are more likely to be truant at school .Just the opposite, children who do eat dinner with their parents five or more days a week are less likely to run away from school without reason. They also report being closer with their parents than children who eat dinner with their parents less often, according to a study conducted by the National Center at Columbia University.‎ Then how do we eat better, not just from a nutritional perspective (营养角度),but from a psychological one as well?‎ Perhaps seeing eating together as an opportunity to get away with stress, a chance to catch up with those whom we love could help our children do better in school, get in better shape, and be less likely to have problems. Eating together also leads children to report better relationships with their parents and surely relationships between adults can similarly benefit.‎ So try eating together, and you’ll find it’s totally worth it.‎ ‎1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. Most Americans share meaningful time with their loved ones.‎ B. The writer likes going out to eat sandwiches with friends and parents.‎ C. Eating together with parents is a big event and needs lots of preparation.‎ D. Children who don't eat dinner with parents are more likely to be overweight.‎ ‎2.The underlined part “be truant at school” probably means “________”.‎ A. be absent from school B. be pleased at school C. be present at school D. be disappointed in school ‎3.The writer probably agrees that ‎ A. eating together doesn’t have good effects on adults B. it’s important for the young to eat together with parents C. it’s totally worth spending much money in eating together D. people who eat together often are likely to have problems 北京东城二模C篇 Telecommuting 42‎ For most people, a usual workday means waking up, eating breakfast, driving to the office, working for about 8 hours and then driving back home. But not all workers have this experience. Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called telecommuting or telework. A person who telecommutes is called a telecommuter.‎ People have worked in their homes for thousands of years. But the modern idea of telecommuting started in the early 1970s. Improvements in technology, especially networking technology, helped support the development of telework. As communication technology became cheaper and more powerful, telecommuting became more of a choice for workers.‎ Both companies and individuals（个人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.‎ Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. Managers are worried about losing control of the workers. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are doing. Telework can also be bad for a person's working life. Managers are more likely to give a promotion（升职）to workers that they see every day, so telecommuters have less chance of getting promoted than regular workers. As telecommuters often work alone, another bad effect of telecommuting is separation from other people.‎ Telecommuting has a place in the society today. Helped by more powerful technologies, teleworkers of the future will be able to communicate in new and improved ways. This will make telework better and make sure that it will have a more important place in the future.‎ ‎1. What does telecommuting mean?‎ A. Driving to work. B. Working from home.‎ C. Working in an office. D. Working for 8 hours a day.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?‎ A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth.‎ ‎3.What's one of the disadvantages of telecommuting?‎ A. It makes a worker unfit and upset.‎ B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job.‎ C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion.‎ D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time.‎ ‎4. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Telework will get improved in the future.‎ B. Telework has a history of hundreds of years.‎ C. Teleworkers work for more days every year.‎ D. Teleworkers are good at communicating with others.‎ 北京西城二模C篇 Kids Speak Up 42‎ In an online poll (投票), TIME FOR KIDS and Kids Health. org asked kids how they are getting along with their parents. Here’s what they told us. ‎ Getting Along and Having Fun ‎ About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents. About four out of five told us they have fun with their parents. But that doesn’t mean they never disagree. In fact, most kids reported arguing with their parents sometimes. ‎ ‎“It’s common to disagree and argue,” says D’Arcy Lyness, a child psychologist (心理学家). “But it’s also important to learn how to do so respectfully.” About half of the kids said they are doing that. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly. ‎ But two out of five kids said arguments always involve shouting at each other. Lyness points out that shouting never helps. “Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Don’t use a raised, angry voice.” ‎ Not surprisingly, three out of four kids admitted (承认) to lying at times. Many said they lie to avoid getting in trouble or disappointing their parents. According to Lyness, lying isn’t just wrong. It can actually get bad results. Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says. ‎ A Changing Relationship ‎ Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun, feeling less close, and not getting along as well with their parents.‎ According to Lyness, those feelings are not uncommon. As kids grow up, they have more disagreements or arguments with their parents. But it doesn’t have to be that way. “Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,” she says. As kids grow and change, it is important for everybody to adapt (适应). “There’s a dance of ways that you act with others and get along,” she points out. “Then there’s a change, and it’s a different dance.” Change is normal, she stresses. ‎ Share this story with your family. You may find that you have a lot to talk about.‎ ‎1. According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? ‎ A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. ‎ ‎2. What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? ‎ A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. ‎ C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. ‎ ‎3. According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? ‎ A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. ‎ C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. ‎ ‎4. What can we learn from the passage? ‎ A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. ‎ B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. ‎ C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same. ‎ D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well.‎ 北京西城二模D篇 Travelling with your belongs on your back, or backpacking is ‎ 42‎ self-planned budget (预算) touring using low-cost transport, and often going on foot. Backpackers don’t carry suitcases or stay in pricey hotels. Instead, they walk around with backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleep underthe stars if necessary. With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying — the lower the price, the better. ‎ The lure (吸引力) of adventure has made backpacking a popular travel style among young people and students who are seldom owners of fat wallets. They prefer exploring a place by themselves, with only a printed map, or a smart phone on hand. ‎ ‎“A package tour may suit a family’s needs, but it’s not my cup of tea,” says Betty Lam, who went backpacking in New Zealand with three friends last summer. “I want to explore a place according to my choice, my timetable and myself.” ‎ Were there any particularly memorable events on the trip? ‎ ‎“Once, the train to Auckland was put off and two of our group were hungry, so they left their backpacks with us and went to a nearby shop to buy something to eat. I still remember the scene with Tammy and me running flat out to catch the train, carrying four huge backpacks. The other two were racing behind us as they’d panicked when they saw the train getting ready to pull away from the station. I held the train door open while Tammy was shouting. “Quick — jump in!” Susie came in head first with June landing on the top of her like a sack of potatoes! It was so funny!” ‎ So was the trip worth all the effort? ‎ ‎“Definitely. True, we had a few quarrels (争吵); we have different interests, and it wasn’t easy to please everybody. But we managed to reach a compromise (妥协) every time. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together. All of us had gained a lot by the end of the holiday — the four of us had become really good buddies.” ‎ What should backpackers always carry with them? ‎ Betty laughs — “not too much! Comfortable walking shoes are important. A raincoat is necessary and bring some practical clothes.” ‎ So, is that everything to bear in mind? ‎ ‎“Well, yes and no, because you can’t prepare enough. You need much information about where you’re going to stay, transport, food, etc. Most importantly, you must have insurance (保险) — just in case your money, passport or backpack get stolen, or you get sick. Take time planning and you’ll have fun safely.”‎ ‎1. What do backpackers usually do? ‎ A. Stay in pricey hotels. B. Face a lot of dangers. ‎ C. Spend much money. D. Choose cheap transport. ‎ ‎2. Which of the following statements about Betty is true? ‎ A. Betty preferred travelling with her family on holidays. ‎ B. The friendship improved as a result of their adventures. ‎ C. Only half of Betty’s group caught the train to Auckland. ‎ D. Betty toured New Zealand with backpackers she met there. ‎ ‎3. What’s the main purpose of the passage? ‎ A. To give us some advice on backpacking. ‎ B. To tell us about Betty’s travelling story. ‎ C. To introduce a hot travel style, backpacking. ‎ D. To encourage us to travel with less money.‎ 42‎ 北京海淀二模C篇 For those who haven’t heard of it, the Apple watch is the latest invention from the creators of the iPhone and Apple Mac. As the name suggests, this creation is a device（装置）designed to tell us the time. This is Apple, however, and an Apple watch is never just a watch. Not only does it show us the time, but it also acts as a fitness monitor and a messaging device that can be connected with an iPhone.‎ Is this a smart invention or technology gone too far? While the Apple watch is stylish in appearance, I can’t help but question certain aspects（方面）of the new device. Is it a positive thing to be able to receive messages through a watch, or is this another way of letting technology upset our social lives?‎ Thanks to the invention of the smart watch, we will no longer have to reach for our phones to check our messages. Imagine the possible results. A group of friends sitting at a table in a restaurant will overlook each other as everyone will be too busy watching their wrists in expectation of a new message. Students will have a way of checking their inbox during school, despite the fact that using mobile phones is not allowed in class. The list goes on. Although smart watches may make communicating through technology easier, it seems that using them could actuallyhinder face to face communication.‎ Much like a phone, the watch would also need to be charged（充电）every day. This is yet another aspect of the device which sets it apart from any “normal” watch. If, like me, you struggle when remembering to put your phone on charge, this is not necessarily a positive thing.‎ I do have to agree, however, the watch has some interesting and purposeful functions（功能）. As a fitness monitor, the device can be used to create and record exercise activities. This could be of particular interest to outdoor fans. While there are several existing Android Apps that can already do this, I can see that the Apple watch would be a more convenient way of exercising without a mobile phone. The question remains, however, is the price worth the benefits?‎ While there are clearly both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to Apple’s latest invention, I personally like my single-purpose watch that simply tells me the time! What about you? Would you be interested in having a smart watch?‎ ‎1. Thanks to the invention of the Apple watch, _____.‎ A. students don’t use computers in class B. mobile phones don’t need to be charged C. messages can be checked without phones D. outdoor activities have become more popular ‎2. The underlined word "hinder" in Paragraph 3 probably means “ _______”.‎ A. make up B. hold back C. depend on D. look after ‎3. From the passage, we can learn that the writer_______.‎ A. worries about the safety of the smart watch B. thinks highly of the progress of technology C. introduces the newest kind of smart phones D. prefers single-purpose watches that tell the time ‎4. What is probably the best title for this passage?‎ A. The Apple Watch：The Latest Invention 42‎ B. The Apple Watch：Smart and Fashionable C. The Apple Watch：Technology Gone Too Far?‎ D. The Apple Watch：A Convenient Way to Exercise?‎ 北京海淀二模D篇 Circle of Knowledge Most students today depend on the rapidness and convenience of the Internet to provide the facts they look for. Given a research task, many students make use of a website known as Wikipedia, which is available（可获得的）to all users of the Internet. However, before the introduction of the Internet, students journeyed to the library to search for facts, figures and stories in a huge collection of books known as encyclopedias（百科全书）.‎ The word “encyclopedia”, meaning “whole circle of knowledge”, comes from the ancient Greek language. The first encyclopedias were organized by topic. These early collections were the works of a single writer. The first book of this kind was written by a Roman, Pliny the Elder, nearly 2,000 years ago. Pliny’s collection remained popular for almost 1,500 years. Producing such huge works was a difficult task. So experts began to work together, sharing responsibility for writing about different topics. The first set of books to use many authors was An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences published in 1728. The multiple-author model became the most widely used format.‎ Today there are many encyclopedias in different media. The online encyclopedia Wikipedia was started in 2001. Users can visit the free website on the Internet. But the online information has mistakes. Users are warned that newer articles may have large mistakes. Printed encyclopedias are more or less free of mistakes. However, it is expensive to make sure of the correctness.‎ Wikipedia is trying to improve its correctness. They employ（雇用）1,000 “fact checkers” to look through the website and correct mistakes. The website managers also state that older articles are more complete and balanced. Encyclopedia Britannica has even made moves away from being a single-format book too. The company started a free online version. The free articles are short; however, longer articles are available after users pay for them.‎ Both online and print editions（版本）have disadvantages. The mistakes can be corrected, but the process takes time. Print editions are resistant（顽固的）to such mistakes. They are also resistant to something else: change. Sometimes new information becomes available after an encyclopedia is printed. Publishers can wait to include the new information in the next edition, but that might be a year or more away.‎ More changes are likely for encyclopedias, whether in print or online. As time goes by, the knowledge of humankind will still need to be recorded, sorted, and stored. The story of how that information will look in 20,50 or even 100 years is still unwritten.‎ ‎1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The readers of encyclopedias. B. The journey to the library.‎ C. The history of encyclopedias. D. The change to the library.‎ ‎2. The problem of online encyclopedia Wikipedia might be that_______.‎ A. the services cost too much B. new articles cannot be found 42‎ C. users cannot visit the website D. the information has mistakes ‎3. We can learn from the passage that_______.‎ A. the future look of information is unknown to the world B. older articles on the website are usually easy and short C. the first encyclopedias were the works of many writers D. print editions of encyclopedias change information fast ‎4. What is the purpose of writing the passage?‎ A. To suggest reading printed encyclopedias.‎ B. To advise people to use online encyclopedias.‎ C. To sell some editions of encyclopedias online.‎ D. To introduce the development of encyclopedias.‎ 北京朝阳二模C篇 There are basically two ways of driving in the world：if the driver's seat is on the left and cars travel on the right side of the road, it is called “left-hand driving”, as it is in China; Instead, it is called “right-hand driving”, as it is in Britain. Nowadays, around 65% of the world's population drives on the right of the road, while the rest is used to driving on the left.‎ Though no one knows the exact reasons, it seems likely that people in ancient times travelled on the left. Roman coins show pictures of horsemen passing on each other's right. And right-handed people generally got on a horse from the animal's left. Obviously, it's safer to do this at the left side of the road, so it makes sense for the horse to be ridden on the left.‎ A change happened in the late 1700s. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe. However, Britain still stuck with the right-hand driving role and countries which were part of the British Empire were made to follow. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英国殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left. One exception is Egypt, as that country was defeated(打败）by Napoleon before becoming part of the British Empire.‎ Some countries changed sides' until modern times. Sweden only moved to driving on the right in 1967 and Iceland changed the following year. Ghana changed sides' in 1974. On September 7, 2009, Samoa became the third country ever to change from left- to right-hand driving for the reason that it made it easier to import(进口）cheap cars from right-hand driving Japan, Australia and New Zealand.‎ So if you want to travel to mother country or go on business, make sure you know whether it is left- or right-hand driving to avoid unnecessary troubles.‎ ‎1. Nowadays, ______of the world's population drives on the right of the road.‎ A. around 74% B. around 65% C. around 19% D. around 17%‎ ‎2. On Roman coins we can see pictures of horsemen______.‎ A. travelling throughout Europe B. passing on each other's right C. practicing riding in the country 42‎ D. getting on the horses from the right ‎3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. Sweden changed to drive on the right in 1974.‎ B. People drive on the left side of the road in Egypt.‎ C. Napoleon helped with the spread of left-hand driving.‎ D. People have known the exact reasons for driving on the left.‎ ‎4. What is the writer's purpose for writing this passage?‎ A. To explain the advantages of the two ways of driving.‎ B. To compare the differences of the two ways of driving.‎ C. To introduce the development of the two ways of driving.‎ D. To complain about the change of the two ways of driving.‎ 北京朝阳二模D篇 Do We Say What We Think?‎ ‎“It's raining cats and dogs!” Although this sentence is not very common in England any more, it clearly shows how we don't always say what we mean. One thing that often gives trouble to language learners is that they understand every word in a sentence but the meaning remains unclear-like this sentence that actually means “It's raining very heavily!”. However, it's not just idioms（惯用语）that cause difficulties for people learning English.‎ The British are often considered to be polite and keep their feelings to themselves, but this can be very confusing for non-native speakers. We often don't say what we are thinking--in fact we often say the opposite! Here's an example that will hopefully explain what I mean, “You should come round for tea!” Is this a real invitation or is the person just being polite? Generally, British people are less open than people from other cultures, so we aren't quick to invite people into our homes. This phrase is one of those that we say but often don't really mean, so when no further details（细节） are given, you can probably think it was made in the name of politeness! But how does this compare to other countries?‎ When I lived in India, lots of people would invite me into their homes but I always assumed that they were just being polite. Of course, I was wrong. The invitations were always from the bottom of hearts, and they did expect me to visit them. I was always surprised by how welcoming people were. In fact, I think I spent more time at other people's houses than my own!‎ This summer, while working in Austria, one of my friends made me think about invitations again. She invited me to join her and her boyfriend for a meal out. Although touched by the invitation, I immediately had the thought that she was just being polite, so I told her that I didn't want to interrupt them. She replied with, “”‎ This reminded me again that politeness depends on which culture we're in. In England, we often think it's polite to offer or suggest something even if we don't actually want to do it, but in other cultures people are more direct. Perhaps if English people just say what they were thinking, things would be a lot easier-especially for people from other countries!‎ ‎1. From the passage we can learn that______.‎ A. it's impolite to invite friends to come round for tea in India B. the British politeness can make non-native speakers confused C. it's only idioms that cause difficulties for people learning English 42‎ D. the British are very open and like inviting people into their homes ‎2. The underlined word “assumed” in paragraph 3 probably means “______”.‎ A. imagined B. proved C. regretted D. explained ‎3. The writer probably agrees that.‎ A. people learning English should be direct to say what they think B. different cultures lead to the different realization on politeness C. its very necessary to learn about English idioms to be polite D. living in Britain is more difficult than it in other countries 社会现象类 北京东城一模D篇 These days there are lot of possibilities to be always connected to family and friends. Now that I have just moved lo France, this can be very convenient. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber, or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenient and dependability of technology can be intrusive.‎ Even the most out-going people need some “down time” to calm down on their own and get relaxed. This is something that I consider necessary and healthy. After all, you have to live with yourself for the rest of your life, so you’d better know how to enjoy your own company. It can be a good thing to have time to yourself to collect your thoughts and free your feelings. Today I went for a walk by myself around the lake and just day-dreamed. It was so relaxing and enjoyable and helped me let go of my bad emotions.‎ However, somehow it seems rude or perhaps makes people feel that you'reupset to sayto people “ I'm going to go and spend sometime by myself. ”Andoften when we are spending time‘alone’ , we are actually connected with a piece of electrical equipment. We try to make something into a Facebook or a Tweet to attract our friends, or we scroll (滚屏) through Facebook nosing into other people’s lives orseeing what friends are up to. We judge ourselvesand other people by the photos they put online, so we can tell how much fun they are having compared to us. This is an age when we can get so much surface information about other people's lives, but being wrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other people’s recognition (认可) of us can be quite unhealthy. Perhaps these days forget about the simple pleasure of spending time just for us.‎ Having said all that, I also think that spending too muchtime byyourself can separate you from others. I suppose it is important to find a good balance between spending valuable time by yourself and with other people.‎ ‎1.What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?‎ A. Interruptive B. Helpful.‎ C. Unsatisfactory. D. Important.‎ ‎2. What does the writer think of being alone properly?‎ A. It’s the only way to get relaxed.‎ B. It makes other people feel upset.‎ C. It’s necessary and healthy for people.‎ D. It makes out-going people feel lonely.‎ ‎3. The writer agrees . ‎ A. It’s important to know what other people think of us 42‎ B. its harmful to always compare ourselves with others C. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselves D. technology helps us to know about other people clearly ‎4.What’s the best title for the passage?‎ A. Is technology really good for us?‎ B. How can we keep in touch with others?‎ C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves?‎ D. Do we spend enoughtime truly by ourselves?‎ 科普环保类 北京海淀一模C篇 Health officials in Canada are very busy these days. They are placing chickens at fixed points all along their 2,500 km border (边境) with the United States of America. ‎ It’s not a joke, nor have the Canadians gone mad. They are using these chickens to see if the West Nile virus (病毒) is still around. The virus infects birds, so the chickens have a chance of catching the virus and fall ill. The West Nile virus is spread among humans. It killed seven people in New York last year. ‎ Countries around the world are realizing that it may just be possible to stop certain kinds of people from entering their land. However, it is very difficult to stop viruses traveling from one end of the earth to another. When they travel to new places, they get used to the environment very easily and sometimes start destroying the local plant and animal life. These biological polluters are called smart polluters. ‎ These smart polluters can be carried across borders of countries unknowingly. Just as we humans are travelling across the world more often than earlier, these biological polluters have also started journey much more. They slide into airplanes through their wheels. They dig into objects that travelers may be carrying from one country to another. ‎ There are some good examples of how these polluters work. The water hyacinth (水葫芦) of South America is blocking lakes in China and Africa. Tree snakes from Papua New Guinea are busy eating up some birds in the country of Guam, which breaks its natural balance. ‎ That’s why the customs (海关) officials in many foreign countries prevent people from bringing in a small plant, or an object made of wood that is in its natural form. The customs officials have these rules because these varieties (多样性) of plants are special to certain places. The plants have the power to spread new illnesses among native plants and animals. Biological polluters always create problems in places where they do not belong. They could be special varieties of plants, bugs or even animals. ‎ ‎1. Why are Canadian officials placing chickens along the border? ‎ A. To help clean up the border. ‎ B. To see if the virus is still around. ‎ C. To protect the chickens from falling ill. ‎ D. To make sure that the birds can find food. ‎ ‎2. Which of the following is TRUE? ‎ A. People find it difficult to travel from one place to another. ‎ B. Plants always create problems in places where they belong. ‎ 42‎ C. Biological polluters may destroy the local plant and animal life. ‎ D. Viruses spend a long time getting used to the local environment. ‎ ‎3. Customs officials in many countries prevent people from bringing in ____. ‎ A. chocolates B. shoes C. pictures D. plants ‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the passage? ‎ A. Land Pollution B. The West Nile Virus ‎ C. Smart Polluters D. The Water Hyacinth ‎ 北京朝阳一模C篇 Few of us have heard ofNils Bohlin, but whenever we take a car journey his invention makes us safer. Found in almost every modem car, the three-point seat belt reduces our chances of death or injury (伤害）by at least 50% . While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea.‎ Having worked as a plane designer before, Nils knew clearly that the pilots were willing to put on anything to keep them safe in an accident, but to his surprise, most people in the cars just didn’t want to be uncomfortable for even a minute. To improve the safety for people in the cars, he decided to find a perfect system which should be simple, effective and convenient. In the end, he invented the three-point seat belt, which has been considered as one of the greatest inventions in history.‎ Seat belts prevent people in the cars from serious injury in five ways.‎ Keep people inside. People who are thrown out from a car are four times more likely to be killed than those who stay inside.‎ Protect the strongest parts of the body. Seat belts are designed to fix your body at its strongest parts. For an older child and adult, these parts are the hips (臀部)and shoulders.‎ Spread out the force in an accident. Seat belts spread the force of the accident over a wide area of the body. By putting less stress on one area, they can help you avoid serious injury. Seat belts also help keep your upper body away from the hard parts of the car if you stop suddenly or are hit by another car.‎ Help the body to slow down, A quick speed causes injury. With the help of the seat belts, your body can have more time to slow down in an accident.‎ Protect your brain and spinal cord (脊柱). Seat belts are designed to protect these two key areas of the human body. Head and spinal cord injuries may be hard to see immediately, but they can cause death. Therefore, it’s of great importance to protect these parts.‎ It takes only a few seconds to buckle up (系好安全带）once you get in the car, but this simple action could save your life. Why wouldn’t you?‎ ‎1. Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_________.‎ A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 50%‎ ‎2. Nils Bohlin invented the three-point seat belt in order to_________.‎ A. take a car journey quickly ‎ B. show thanks to the engineer C. keep the pilots safe in an accident ‎ D. improve the safety for people in the cars 42‎ ‎3. From the passage we can learn_________.‎ A. hips and shoulders aren’t the older children and adults’ strongest parts B. seat belts can keep your knees and feet away from the hard parts of the car C. the body has more time to slow down in an accident with the help of seat belts D. head and spinal cord injuries might be easy to see immediately and cause death ‎4. This passage is mainly about_________.‎ A. how seat belts are made ‎ B. how seat belts are used C. how seat belts save lives ‎ D. how seat belts develop better 人生百味类 北京西城一模D篇 Success by failure I had failed again. It was the day of the big marathon. I had decided three years ago to train for the half-marathon event and take home a medal. There I sat, in front of my TV, while I watched others cross the finish line. It was just another in a long string(串) of failures. I had never met a single weight loss or fitness goal and I was majoring in the art of failing. ‎ We are a family of exploration and often plan active vacations. It seemed that on every vacation I was the one who couldn’t go the distance. Each time I urged(催促) my family, “Go on without me. Bring me lots of pictures and videos. I’ll be fine just sitting here taking in the view. ” I lied. Sick of being left behind, I decided that it would never happen again. Sure I was in my 50s, but surely there was still hope for me. I always spent weeks walking to prepare for our active vacations. I had lost weight many times. I just always seemed to fail to get where I needed to be. ‎ But this time I would do something different. I was going to walk a half marathon. Surely I would lose weight and get in shape if I could complete over 12 miles in four hours. Besides, this would be training. Training sounded cooler than diet and exercise. I was revved up and ready to go. I bought the proper gear(装备), checked out what type of drinks would be handed out at the marathon and prepared a lot. I had a plan!‎ Now two years later, there I sat, watching thousands of people of all ages succeed where I had failed. I walked out, angry with myself, sat down and had myself a pity party. I was a master at the art of pity parties, having a great deal of experience in holding them. What was my problem? Where was I going wrong? I stopped and considered each failure, one by one. I made some very interesting discoveries. ‎ I had failed to climb to the top of that Mayan pyramid, but I did climb it and stood on these ancient stones. I had failed to meet a single weight loss goal and yet I had lost 43 pounds. I couldn’t walk 12 miles in four hours, but I could walk 12 miles. ‎ All my failures were sounding like a success story. This time I was giving thanks. I was thankful that I had been given the spirit of failure because failure meant that I was trying, that I didn’t give up. I decided that I would be crossing the finish line next year. ‎ ‎1. What can you learn from the passage?‎ A. The writer didn’t lose any weight in the end. ‎ B. The writer didn’t climb the Mayan pyramid. ‎ 42‎ C. The writer didn’t take part in the big marathon。‎ D. The writer didn’t have holidays with his family. ‎ ‎2. What does the underlined sentence “Iwas revved up. ”probably mean?‎ A. I got excited. B. I felt moved. C. I was pushed. D. I was chosen. ‎ ‎3. Which words can best describe the writer in the passage?‎ A. Clever and friendly. B. Interesting and proud. ‎ C. Humorous and hopeful. D. Kind and strong-willed. ‎ ‎4. The writer probably agrees that ________. ‎ A. one should never give up half way B. setting a goat is the key to success C. one can learn by making and correcting mistakes D. trying but failing to reach the goal is still meaningful 教育类 北京东城二模D篇 Managing Stress Many of us experience stress in life, so do the kids. “It's the hardest time of life,” says Kim “Tip” Frank, writer of Battling the Blues, Grades 3-8: The Handbook for Helping Children and Teens With Depression.“Kids need direction and confidence.” Here are some common complaints of overstressed middle schoolers and what parents can do to help.‎ ‎“I don't have any friends.”‎ First, tell your child that she'll get through this difficult period. “There will be times when you are alone,” Frank says. “Being alone is better than changing who you are to fit in with the popular crowd.” ‎ Some kids need more clear instruction on how to make friends. Parents can help by having a discussion with their child about what a real friend is. Ask your child what qualities（品质）he wants in a friend. Then you help him find some possible friends. Remind your child that not all friendships work out and talk to him about how to be a good friend.‎ ‎“My best friend doesn't like me any more.”‎ It's common for best friends to separate during middle school. When it happens, it's painful and makes your child feel left behind.‎ ‎“To help your child deal with this problem, first encourage her to make it clear to her friend that she wants to keep the friendship going,” Frank says. Then, remind her that if her friend chooses to end the friendship, it's out of her control.“You can only control one side of the relationship,” he says.‎ Talk to your child about why friends move on or pull away. Tell your child she will make new friends. It hurts, but it often ends up working out for the best for both children.‎ ‎“I made a mistake! I'm a failure!”‎ Teachers see a lot of perfectionism in today's kids. These kids get upset if they get a B on a paper. They are often overstressed.‎ ‎ “Perfectionist kids are often driven by parents.” As a parent, see whether you are pushing your child to feel like she can't make a single mistake. Do you talk about top schools every day? Do you make a huge deal out of a grade that isn't an A? “You can ask your child, ‘Why do you think you have ‎ 42‎ to get straight A's?”, Frank says. There's more to life. Parents can offer their children opportunities to have fun. “Model hard work, relaxation, laughter, and joy,” he says.“It's not what you say to kids, it's how you live.”‎ ‎1. When a boy doesn't have any friends, what should his parents do?‎ A. Find a popular crowd for him.‎ B. Direct him to make some friends..‎ C. Encourage him to change himself.‎ D. Tell him the importance of being alone.‎ ‎2. What does Frank think of separation between friends in middle school?‎ A. It's normal and unavoidable B. It's painful and really bad for children.‎ C. It means they don't value their friendship.‎ D. It means their friendship isn't deep enough.‎ ‎3. What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children?‎ A. Choosing top schools for their children.‎ B. Doing something enjoyable with their children.‎ C. Preventing their children from making mistakes.‎ D. Offering a lot of help with their children's study.‎ 参考答案 日常生活类 北京中考C篇：CDBB 北京中考D篇：ADA 北京东城一模C篇：BDB 北京西城一模C篇：BADC 北京海淀一模D篇：CBBA 北京朝阳一模D篇：DAB 北京东城二模C篇：BCCA 北京西城二模C篇：BCAD 北京西城二模D篇：DBC 北京海淀二模C篇：CBDC 北京海淀二模D篇：CDAD 北京朝阳二模C篇：BBCC 北京朝阳二模D篇：BAB 社会现象类 北京东城一模D篇：ACBD 科普环保类 北京海淀一模C篇：BCDC 北京朝阳一模C篇：DDCC 人生感悟类：‎ 北京西城一模D篇：CACD 教育类 北京东城二模D篇：BAB 42‎ 北京初三期末阅读理解CD篇综合练习 基础篇 北京东城期末测试C篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 社会现象类 说明文 ‎345‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★‎ FOMO Everybodyknowshowimportantitisforstudentstogetagoodnight’ssleepeverynight. Youaren’tabletodoyourbestunlessyou sleepwell.I’msureyou’vealreadyknownthatyoushouldgotobedatareasonabletime.Mostexpertsagreethatthepropernumberofhoursiseight,andthisisacceptedascommonsense.However,Iknowthatmost ofyougetmuch lesssleepthanthat –andsometimesit will havebadeffectonyourschoolwork.‎ Ireadaninterestingarticleinateachers’magazinerecently.Theydidastudyof848studentsinWales.Worryingly,theresultsshowedthatteenagersarefacinganewproblem.Theymaygotobedandgetupatcertaintimesbutagrowingnumberarewakingup inthe middle ofthe night,nottousethe bathroomorhaveasnackbutbecauseofanewphenomenon(现象):FOMO –fearofmissingout!‎ Accordingtothearticle,agrowingnumber ofschoolchildrenwakeup duringthenighttochecksocialmedia(媒体).Afraidofmissingacomment(评论)oropportunitytotakepartinachat,theyarewakingatalltimesofthenight,goingonlineandgettinginvolved.Allthishappenswhentheyshouldbesoundasleep.‎ Expertsareworriedaboutthisandthereportshows someworryingfacts:‎ ● ‎23%of12to15-year-oldswakeupnearlyeverynighttousesocialmedia.Another15% wakeupatnight oncea weekforthe samereason.‎ ● Oneinthreestudentsoftenfeeltiredandunabletoworknormally.‎ ● Studentswhousesocialmediaduringthenightaremorelikelytofeelunhappyandstressed.‎ So,I’dliketoaskyoutoberesponsiblewhenitcomestosocialmedia.Bebrave!Turn offyourmachinesat night.Theworld won’tendand yoursocialmediawill bewaitingtogreetyouinthemorning!Igiveyoumywordthatyouwon’thavemissedanythingimportant.‎ ‎1. Howlongdoesateenager needtosleepatnightaccordingtomostexperts?‎ A. Forsixhours. B.Forsevenhours.‎ C.Foreighthours. D.Forninehours.‎ ‎2. Thestudyin Walesshows thatmoreandmoreteenagers .‎ A. goto bedlate B.failtofacetheirproblems C.havesoundsleep D.checksocialmediaatnight ‎3. TeenagerswithFOMOmayworryabout .‎ A. beingleftbehindbyothers B.missingtheirschoollessons C.wakingupsuddenlyatnight D.beingunabletoworknormally ‎4. Thepassageiswrittento .‎ A. stresstheimportanceofenoughsleep B. describeanewphenomenonamongteenagers C. advisestudentstostopusingsocialmediaatnight 42‎ D. explainhowpopularsocialmediaisamongteenagers 北京西城期末测试C篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 议论文 ‎364‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/3‎ ‎★★★‎ Do you consider failure as an ending? Do you often feel after a failure that you are good for nothing? Then be careful, you are one of them who have bad relationship with failure. And this is the only reason why people often keep themselves away from their success. The power of failure is that it helps us to learn from our mistakes and missteps and we must consider a failure as an opportunity to grow rather than giving up.‎ Let's discover the reasons why successful people believe that opportunity lies in every failure.‎ Disappointment or failure shows that you are trying The best way to gauge（衡量）your progress at something is to see how many times you failed. In case you haven't failed yet, chances are that you haven't tried hard yet.‎ Look at all successful men and women throughout our history, they all had one thing in common. That's to say they failed not once but several times before they achieved success. Let's take an example of Thomas Edison: he failed a lot of times to find right filament（灯丝）for his light bulb. Henry Ford had a stronger relationship with failure, which inspired him to quote this unforgettable saying “failure is the opportunity to begin again, more intelligently.”‎ Achievement lies in looking at failure as an opportunity Just like every successful person had one thing in common, similarly all unsuccessful persons throughout our history had one thing in common --- their inability to use failure as an opportunity and a tool. If you feel your one failure is your ultimate （终极的）failure, and that feeling of sinking down is known as an ultimate failure, you are pushing yourself away from your expected success. Achievement is all about finding out what mistakes you made, what is the main cause of that failure, and how you are going to make up for it.‎ Success requires willpower, passion, hard work, intelligence, determination, but all of the above, success requires failure. Use your failure as an opportunity to learn, to become wiser and to reconsider your relationship with failure, the true key to success.‎ ‎1. According to the writer, why do people keep themselves away from their success?‎ A. Because they don't set long-term goals.‎ B. Because they haven't got enough time.‎ C. Because they can't deal with failure properly.‎ D. Because they are disappointed in themselves.‎ ‎2. Why does the writer take the example of Thomas Edison?‎ A. To explain the reasons for failure.‎ B. To prove the importance of failure.‎ C. To take pride in Thomas Edison.‎ D.To introduce the process of making a light bulb.‎ ‎3. What can you learn from the passage?‎ A. Failure can build up your confidence. ‎ 42‎ B. Successful people seldom failed.‎ C. Failure is more important than success. ‎ D. Successful people use failure as a tool.‎ 北京海淀期末测试C篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 ‎352‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/3‎ ‎★★★‎ Color is an activity that children worldwide have long enjoyed. With a picture already made for them. Kids simply choose a crayon. Pencil or marker of their favorite color and fill it in. Today, it also becomes more and more popular among teenagers and even adults, who are enjoying relaxing hours of coloring. In December, five of the top ten best-selling books in the United States were coloring books.‎ ‎ They’re fun but are coloring books good for you?‎ ‎ The positive feedback from customers is encouraging. Trina Lucido, a popular artist creating coloring books, says that many of her customers are buying the coloring books for others who are sick or going through a rough time. She adds that the “big idea” behind her latest book is to encourage people to do something creative.‎ ‎ Lucido is right, according to Allan Rohan, a psychology professor. “Many customers appreciate coloring books as a new creative stage,” he said in an interview, “but what’s more important is that people spend time coloring in order to reduce (减少) stress after a long day.” Research shows that coloring can reduce stress by guiding people to focus on one simple task. When a person is filling in a flower with a light purple color, he focuses on the flower and forgets about all his troubles in life.‎ Experts add that coloring may relieve people from a certain king of pain. Doing the coloring helps people ease their mind and calm down. Also, coloring influences people’s brain in a healthy way. The shape of the drawing makes one side of the brain active, while the color of the drawing improves the other, Coloring can bring out your imagination and can take you back to your childhood. Interesting, isn’t it?‎ ‎ “It is very relaxing,” said Susan Jackson, a big fan of Lucido’s coloring books. “Any street just sort of falls away, Coloring frees my mind. And it’s not just try to fill blank pages. The pictures make me feel happy…and there is just something about them. So I’m saving the pictures I like best to the very end.”‎ ‎1. Trina Lucido wants her coloring books to ______.‎ A. encourage people to be creative B. be one of the best-sellers C. let people enjoy relaxing hours D. help develop friendship.‎ ‎2. Why can coloring reduce stress?‎ A. Because it brings out imagination.‎ B. Because it shows the beauty of nature.‎ C. Because it helps people to be more focused.‎ D. Because it can take people back to childhood.‎ 42‎ ‎3. What can we learn from this passage?‎ A. Lucido’s coloring books are much-loved.‎ B. Coloring is an effective way to cure diseases.‎ C. Susan Jackson tries to save her colored pictures.‎ D. The shape and color of drawing do harm to our brain.‎ 北京朝阳期末测试C篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 ‎380‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★‎ My Job Choice Makingagoodjobchoiceisalmostasgoodasa choosingagoodlife.So,choosing ajob is oneof themost importantdecisions to makein life.‎ For myjob, therearethree importantthings thatIwill consider:‎ ThefirstoneisthatImustworkinanareaIlike.AndIthinkitismostimportanttome.Someoneoncesaid,“Ifyoufindajobthatyouenjoy,thenyouwon’thavetoworkanotherday.”Iwouldliketobecomemorecreativethroughmywork.Iwouldalso like to bethe most valuablemember there. All this is possibleonlyif Ilike whatIdo.‎ Thesecondoneisthattheareaofmyworkmustleadmetosolvesomenewandhardproblems.Iwouldliketostayinthesameareaforalongtime.Inorderforthistohappen,theworkmustprovideenoughproblems.Morethanjustworkingtolive,Ienjoymakingadifferenceandtryingmybesttomakeprogress.Iwouldalsoliketobewellremuneratedformyhardwork,soIcanleadacomfortablelifewiththishard-wonmoney.ThenI canprovide thebest for myfamily ThethirdimportantthingisthatIwouldliketoworkinanareathatwouldhelpotherpeople.Theworkinmymindisinfieldssuchasthearmy(军队),trainingormanagement.Insuchareas,Icanhelptodeveloptheabilitiesofothersandbringoutthebest.Itwouldbeamostsatisfyingjobtohelpyoungpeopletobecomethebestthattheycan.WhenIbecomeold,Iwouldliketolookbackwithagreatsenseofsatisfaction that thousands of people havebecomebetterpersonsthroughmywork.‎ Iaccepttheideathatnooneshouldmakeachoiceofajobsuddenlyandquickly.Heshoulddecidewhathewantstobeinthelongrun.Then,heshoulddecidehowheworkstowardsit.Heshouldstudythepropercourses,readthebooksandspeaktoknowledgeablepersonsinthatfieldbeforemakingajobchoice.Agoodchoicewillmost probablylead to a betterlife.‎ ‎1. Howmanyimportantthings will the writerthink aboutwhen hechooses ajob?‎ A. 4. B.3. C. 2. D. 1.‎ ‎2. Thewriterconsidersanenjoyable job most importantbecause .‎ A. hewill have to work hard B.he has to bringout his best C. it can makehim more creative D. it is possible for him to live better ‎3. Theunderlinedword“remunerated” in thepassagemeans__________. .‎ A. rained B. known C. accepted D. paid ‎4. Thewriterwantsto tell us thateveryone should .‎ A. livea comfortable lifewith his family B. join the armyto become abetter person C. makepreparations to find a satisfyingjob D. helpyoungpeople tochoose aninterestingjob.‎ 42‎ 提高篇 北京东城期末测试D篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 教育类 议论文 ‎380‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/3‎ ‎★★★★‎ PeerPressurePower Haveyoueverdonesomethingyoudidn’twanttodo,justtofitin?Orjustbecauseyourfriendswantedyouto?That’speerpressure.Peersarepeopleofyourage,suchasyourfriendsorschoolmates.‎ Yourpeersareallaroundyouallthe time.Theyinfluence your decisionsor behaviourandyoulearnalot–bothgoodandbad–byjust beingaroundthem.Youmightadmireastarplayeratschool.Maybeyounoticethepopularkidsatschoolandlookuptothem.Thosearen’tnecessarilybadthings.Beingencouragedandinfluencedbydifferentpeerscouldhelpyou in the long run.‎ Thepeoplearoundyoucanalsobenegative(消极的)influences,however.Maybeastarteammatetellsyounevertopasstheballtoacertainplayer,orapopularstudentcheatsontests.Should you tryto be likethemtofitin?‎ Somekidsthinkbeingpopularorbeinglikedismoreimportantthantheirownsenseofself.Itdoesn’tmakesense,butthat’stheproblemwithpeerpressure.Youcanloseyourself.Butyoucanalsofindyourself,asSchuylerdidwhenhewasaskedtogocampinglastyear.“Ididn’twanttogocamping,butmyfriendsreallywantedmetogo.Finally,Igavein,andI’msoglad Idid.Thetripwas fantastic!Wedidalotoffunactivities Iwouldhaveneverdoneonmyown.”Schuyler said.‎ Peerpressureispowerful,buttheabilitytochooseisyours.“Ifyourfriendstrytogetyouto dosomethingthatyoufeelwrong,”saysIan Brennan,an expertwho deals withtheproblemofpeerpressure.“Tellthemexactlyhowyoufeel.Andifthey’renotcoolaboutit,findnewfriends.”Thatcanbehardtodo,butsometimesit’snecessary.“Ifyourso-calledfriendsaretryingtogetyoutodonegativethings,doyoureallythinkthey’rethebestfriends?”saysNicoleS.,16,ahighschoolstudent.“Tome,realfriendsacceptyouforwhoyouareandwhatyou believein,andrespectyourdecisions.”‎ Peerpressureisn’t alwayssomething tofear.Yourdecisions areyoursto make.Takethetimetomakethemwisely.‎ ‎1. Accordingtothepassage,peerpressureis .‎ A. theadmirationforfamousteenagestars B. theinfluencefrompeopleofthesameage C. thebehaviourtopleasepopularteammates D. theabilitytochoosefriendsofsimilartaste ‎2. Schuyler’sexperienceinParagraph4shows .‎ A. beingpopularisimportant B. peerpressurecanbe agoodthing C. peerpressureiscommonamongstudents D. followingfriendsmaymakeyou loseyourself ‎3. What’sthewriter’ssuggestionaboutpeerpressure?‎ A. Changingfriendswhenyoufeelpeerpressure.‎ 42‎ B. Fittinginwithdifferentpeerstomakethemacceptyou.‎ C. Makingdecisionscarefullywhenyoufacepeerpressure.‎ D. Askingexpertsforhelpwhenyoufeelhardtomakechoices.‎ 北京西城期末测试D篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 教育类 议论文 ‎476‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★★‎ Michael Morpurgo is one of Britain's best loved story makers whose book War Horse is taught in school. He made a speech at Book Trust Annual Lecture. When talking about tests, he said that too much testing in schools was taking the joy out of reading for children because it destroyed their confidence and resulted in feelings of shame and disappointment.‎ Mr. Morpurgo said testing was "supposed to encourage" all children, whether they passed or not, but his was not the case. "When you fail, it brings a sense of worthlessness. It separates you from those who have passed, rocks confidence, and destroys hopes and dreams." For children who pass, they can have the opportunity to receive the great cultural and material benefits of our society through developing an enjoyment of reading.But for children who fail, they are made to feel that the world of books, stories and ideas is not for them, and they are not clever enough to join that world. It is not the world they belong to, and it is shut off from them forever.‎ As the president of Book Trust, Mr. Morpurgo also criticized schools for taking the wonder of stories and playfulness of language. Schools have been teaching reading by turning stories into a series of comprehension and grammar tests, because they insist that measurable（可量化的） outcomes and results are the be-all and end-all of the education process. But blaming（责备）governments or schools is passing the buck --- it is a society as a whole that is responsible for whether its children succeed or fail in education, and everyone should make an effort to ensure that reading itself is a pleasure experience for all children.‎ Mr. Morpurgo, who was a primary teacher before becoming a writer, wants to see a “story time” introduces in every primary school, when stories are read aloud, at the end of each day. His Book Trust lecture called on schools and the government to keep libraries open, for parents to read to their children every night, etc. “Story time” would be a special time with no testing or teaching. “Let the children go home dreaming of the story, reliving it, wonder… All the rest will come later. Once the seed is sown, the fore is lit, children will want to learn. So give them the love of story first; the rest will follow.”‎ Diana Gerald, the co-worker of Book Trust, said, “Reading isn’t a tick-list of books. That need to have been read;nor is it just a skill to be learned then put aside. The ability of reading and writing can, and should be tested; reading for pleasure needs to be valued and seen more like exercise-do it as regularly as you can, make it fun and red together whenever possible for maximum benefits.”‎ ‎1. What does the expression “passing the buck” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A. Valuable. B. Irresponsible.‎ C. Unnecessary. D. Harmful.‎ ‎2. According to the passage, what should children do at their “story time”?‎ A. Enjoy reading. B. Prepare for tests.‎ 42‎ C. Practise writing stories. D. Tick their book lists.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is Mr. Morpurgo’s suggestion?‎ A. Test should be canceled in schools.‎ B. Children should join the Book Trust.‎ C. Reading for pleasure should be encouraged.‎ D. The government should build more libraries.‎ ‎4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. Mr. Morpurgo hopes to become a primary teacher.‎ B. Children who are tested can’t get the joy from reading.‎ C. Mr. Morpurgo wants his book War Horse to be read often in schools.‎ D. Children who fail in tests probably won’t explore the wonder of stories.‎ 北京海淀期末测试D篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 教育类 议论文 ‎363‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★★‎ According to a recent newspaper article, girls do better than boys at every level of education. So it is hardly surprising that women are now far more likely than men to go to universities.‎ ‎“Eclipsed” (黯然失色)‎ Mary Curnock Cook, a leader of the University and College Admissions Service, is so worried about the future of boys that she wants to see a national effort to solve the issue. If this differential growth carries on unchecked, girls born this year will be 75% more likely to go to university than their male peers (同伴). ‎ So what is at the root of this gap? Are there changes in the nature of universities which have led to the dominance of women on campus? Are girls simply better at schoolwork these days, and boys less interested?‎ By the time teenagers get to their high school, girls are already greatly outnumbering boys. So before they sit a single exam, there are probably more girls than boys who are likely to go to university.‎ ‎“Waste of time?”‎ The average grade for a girl is C+ compared to C for a boy at A-level examinations. But the differences between boys and girls start much earlier on.‎ According to a University of Bristol study, boys are nearly twice as likely as girls to have fallen behind by the time they start school. Primary schools often have more female teachers, and mothers helping out.‎ According to the study, girls and boys often have different attitudes towards schoolwork. The report says:”Boys are more likely than girls to regard school as a waste of time.” What’s more, boys tend to spend over one hour less per week on homework than girls. They are more likely to play computer games and less likely to read outside of school.‎ ‎“There are a lot of boys thinking they can get away with the least work and wanting to spend their time doing other ‘more interesting things’,” says Roger Leighton, the former head teacher of Sydney Russell School. “Girls, on the other hand, tend to understand the need to work hard earlier on --- they take a longer view.”‎ 42‎ ‎1. Mary Curnock Cook wants to _______.‎ A. find out the cause for the difference B. find out the number of girls on campus C. see boys work harder than they used to D. see people work together on the problem ‎2. The underlined word “dominance” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to “______”.‎ A. achievement in schoolwork B. position of advantage C. progress in subjects D. control of attention ‎3. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Boy do better at some levels of education.‎ B. There are changes in the nature of universities.‎ C. Girls spend more time on schoolwork than boys.‎ D. Boys and girls perform similarly in primary school.‎ ‎4. Which of the following is probably the besttitle for the passage?‎ A. Which is more attractive to students?‎ B. What do girls understand better than boys?‎ C. Why do more women than men go to university?‎ D. Who is more likely to do a better job in universities?‎ 北京朝阳期末测试D篇 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 科普环保类 说明文 ‎391‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/3‎ ‎★★★★‎ ANewInvention----AnElectricFork metallic part handle Doyouknowelectricitycanchangethewaywetastefood?Don’tfeelsurprisedatthefact.AspecialelectricforkinventedbyJapaneseresearcherscouldmakeanydishtastesalty.‎ AccordingtoHiromiNakamura,aPostDoctorResearcheratMeijiUniversityofJapan,thetechnologycanbeveryusefulforpeoplewithspecialeatinghabits.Forexample,thesickwithhighbloodpressure（高血压）caneasilydevelopalow-salteatinghabitandstillenjoydeliciousfood.Andwiththefork,there’stotallynoriskofover-saltingtheirfood.Luckily,thevoltage（电压）issosmallthatitissafetousethefork.‎ TheideaofaddingelectricitytofoodwasfirstshowntopublicasanexperimentattheComputerHumanInteractionConferenceinAustin,Texas,in2012.Nakamuraandherteamconnectedawire（导线）toa9-voltbattery（电池）andpasseditthroughastraw（吸管）placed in a cup ofsweet lemonade. Volunteers reported that thelemonadetastednotassweetasitusuallywas,becausetheelectricitycreatedthetasteofsalt.‎ a circuit Nakamurahasimprovedthetechnologytobeabletomaketheelectricityreachthefoodthroughforksandchopsticks.“Themetallicpartoftheforkisoneelectrode（电极）‎ 42‎ ‎,andthehandleistheother,”Nakamuraexplained.“Whenyoutakeapieceoffoodwiththeforkandputitinyourmouth,youconnectthecircuit.Whenyoutaketheforkoutofyourmouth,youdisconnectthecircuit.Soitactuallyworksas a switch.”‎ SimonKlose,TVpresenteroffoodprogramMunchies,whorecentlyvisitedNakamuratotryouttheforkhimself,thensaiditwasoneofthegreatesteatingexperienceshe’deverhad.“WhenIfirstheardofelectric food, it soundedterrible.” he said. He latercontinuedtousetheforktoeatpiecesoffriedchicken,andfoundthatthesaltinessgreatlyincreasedastheelectricitywasconnected.‎ Nakamurahasbeeneating“electric”foodforthepastthreetofouryears inordertounderstanditbetter.“Forme,”shesaid,“itmayseemlikewe’recookingbutwe’reactuallyworkingon the human taste.”‎ ‎1. Theelectric fork maybe goodforpeoplewho .‎ A. need to lose weight B. show interest in physics C. workasresearchers D. have high blood pressure ‎2. Paragraph 4 mainlytells us .‎ A. howthe electricforkworks B. what creates thetasteofsalt C. wheretheelectricforkwasinvented D. when the technologywas known to public ‎3. What can welearn from the passage?‎ A. Theelectric fork cancreateunrealtaste.‎ B. Aresearcherfrom England invented the electricfork.‎ C. Peoplecan usetheelectricforkbypushingthe switch.‎ D. Theideaof addingelectricityto foodwas firstshown in aTVprogram.‎ 参考答案 基础篇 北京东城期末测试C篇：CDAC 北京西城期末测试C篇：CBD 北京海淀期末测试C篇：ACA 北京朝阳期末测试C篇：BCDC 提高篇 北京东城期末测试D篇：BBC 北京西城期末测试D篇：BACD 北京海淀期末测试D篇：DBCC 北京朝阳期末测试D篇：DAA 附录—高频词 北京中考C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 have to 必须，不得不 42‎ be designed for 为…而设计 difficult adj.‎ 困难的 experiment n.‎ 试验 cut…into…‎ 把…切成…‎ surprised adj.‎ 惊讶的 look down upon 瞧不起 be punished for 因…而受惩罚 accept v.‎ 接受 search v. ‎ 搜寻，搜查 however conj. ‎ 然而 understand v. ‎ 理解 organize v.‎ 组织 probably adv. ‎ 可能 北京中考D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 have to 必须，不得不 be designed for 为…而设计 difficult adj.‎ 困难的 experiment n.‎ 试验 cut…into…‎ 把…切成…‎ surprised adj.‎ 惊讶的 look down upon 瞧不起 be punished for 因…而受惩罚 accept v.‎ 接受 search v. ‎ 搜寻，搜查 however conj. ‎ 然而 understand v. ‎ 理解 organize v.‎ 组织 probably adv. ‎ 可能 北京东城一模C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 normal adj.‎ 正常的 different adj.‎ 不同的 describe v.‎ 描述 frightened adj.‎ 害怕的 terrible adj.‎ 可怕的，很糟的 decide v.‎ 决定 42‎ rude adj.‎ 粗鲁的，无理的 change v.‎ 改变 completely adv.‎ 完全地 excellent adj. ‎ 极好的 exciting adj. ‎ 令人兴奋的 popular adj. ‎ 受欢迎的 discussion n.‎ 讨论 look forward to 期待，盼望 北京东城一模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 possibility n.‎ 可能性 convenient adj.‎ 方便的 calm down 平静下来 relaxed adj.‎ 放松的 necessary adj. ‎ 必要的 healthy adj.‎ 健康的 alone adj. ‎ 单独的 spend v. ‎ 度过，花费 information n.‎ 信息 separate…from…‎ 把…与…分开 北京西城一模C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 in common 共同的，共有的 remember v. ‎ 记得 experience v.‎ 经验，经历 share v.‎ 分享 environment n.‎ 环境 notice v.‎ 注意 attend v.‎ 出席 wonderful adj.‎ 极好的 adult n.‎ 成年人 check out 检验 北京西城一模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 42‎ success n.‎ 成功 failure n.‎ 失败 marathon ‎ n.‎ 马拉松 happen v.‎ 发生 prepare for 为…准备 surely adv.‎ 当然 angry adj.‎ 生气的 pity n. ‎ 遗憾，怜悯 thankful adj.‎ 感谢的 give up 放弃 北京海淀一模C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 mad adj.‎ 疯狂的 spread v. ‎ 传播 realize v.‎ 意识到 get used to 习惯于，适应 destroy v.‎ 毁坏，破坏 biological adj.‎ 生物的 smart adj.‎ 聪明的 unknowingly adj.‎ 不知不觉的 slide into 溜进 break v.‎ 打破 prevent…from…‎ 阻止…做…‎ belong v.‎ 属于 北京海淀一模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 aim at 目的在于 pleasant adj.‎ 高兴的 cooperate with 与…合作 whether…or not 不论，是否 normally adv.‎ 正常的 manage v. ‎ 管理，设法 influence v. ‎ 影响 throw…at…‎ 朝…扔…‎ 42‎ solve v.‎ 解决 speak ill of 诋毁，‎ 说…的坏话 cheerful adj. ‎ 愉快的 necessary adj.‎ 必要的 北京朝阳一模C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 hear of 听说 come up with 提出 invent v.‎ 发明 consider v.‎ 考虑 spread v.‎ 传播，展开 avoid v.‎ 避免 hit v. ‎ 打击 protect v.‎ 保护 immediately adv.‎ 立即，立刻 simple adj.‎ 简单的 北京朝阳一模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 together adv.‎ 在一起 pass away 去世 separately adv.‎ 分别地 amazing adj.‎ 令人惊异的 miss v.‎ 错过，思念 special adj.‎ 特殊的 set aside 留出 hardly adv. ‎ 几乎不 meaningful adj. ‎ 有意义的 effect n.‎ 效果，影响 compare v.‎ 比较，对照 opportunity n.‎ 机会 relationship n. ‎ 关系 similarly adv.‎ 类似地 worth adj. ‎ 值得的 42‎ 北京东城二模C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 improvement n. ‎ 改进，改善 technology n. ‎ 科技 especially ‎ adv.‎ 尤其地 support v. ‎ 支持 communication n.‎ 交流 powerful adj.‎ 强大的 benefit n. ‎ 利益，好处 transportation ‎ n. ‎ 运输 depend on ‎ 依赖 disadvantage n.‎ 缺点 regular adj.‎ 有规律的 北京东城二模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 stress n. ‎ 压力 hard adj. ‎ 困难的，努力的 confidence n.‎ 自信 common adj.‎ 普通的，常见的 complaint n.‎ 抱怨 fit v.‎ 使…适应 remind v.‎ 提醒 painful adj.‎ 痛苦的 encourage v.‎ 鼓励 upset adj.‎ 沮丧的 push v.‎ 推 have fun 玩的高兴 北京西城一模C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 speak up 大声讲，畅所欲言 online adj. ‎ 在线的 get along with 与…和睦相处 disagree v. ‎ 不同意 42‎ argue v. ‎ 争论，辩论 respectfully adv.‎ 恭敬地 discussion n. ‎ 讨论 calmly adj.‎ 冷静地，平静的 point out 指出，指明 patient adj. ‎ 有耐心的 lie v.‎ 说谎，躺 avoid v.‎ 避开，避免 wrong adj.‎ 错误的 trust v. ‎ 相信，信任 freedom n.‎ 自由 北京西城二模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 instead adv.‎ 代替，反而，相反 limited ‎ adj.‎ 有限的 adventure n. ‎ 冒险 explore v.‎ 探索，探险 suit v.‎ 适合，使…适应 according to 根据，按照 put off 推迟 nearby adj. ‎ 附近的 pull away ‎（火车等）开始行驶 funny adj.‎ 有趣的，好笑的 definitely adv.‎ 当然，肯定的 please v.‎ 使高兴，使满意 practical adj.‎ 实际的，实用的 in case 以防，万一 sick adj. ‎ 生病的 北京海淀二模C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 suggest v.‎ 暗示，建议 act v.‎ 行动，表演，起作用 connect v. ‎ 连接，使…有联系 stylish adj.‎ 时髦的，流行的 appearance n.‎ 外貌，外观 positive adj.‎ 积极的 42‎ receive v.‎ 收到，接待 social adj.‎ 社会的 no longer 不再 check v.‎ 检查，核对 despite prep.‎ 尽管 purposeful adj.‎ 有目的的，故意的 particular adj.‎ 特别的 outdoor adj.‎ 室外，户外的 personally adv.‎ 亲自地，就个人而言地 北京海淀二模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 rapidness n.‎ 快，迅速 provide v.‎ 提供，供给 fact n. ‎ 事实，实情 website n.‎ 网站 collection n.‎ 收集 remain v.‎ 保持，依然 produce v. ‎ 产生，生产 task n.‎ 任务，工作 responsibility n.‎ 责任，职责 expensive adj.‎ 昂贵的 make sure of 确定，确保 look through 仔细检查 include v.‎ 包括，包含 change v.‎ 改变 record v.‎ 记录，记载 北京朝阳C篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 basically adv.‎ 基本上 nowadays adv.‎ 现在，当今 population n.‎ 人口 drive v.‎ 开车，驾驶 left adj.‎ 左边的 exact adj.‎ 准确的，严密的 generally adv.‎ 一般地，通常 obviously adv.‎ 明显地 42‎ happen v.‎ 发生 force v.‎ 强迫 continue v.‎ 继续 change v.‎ 改变 become v.‎ 变成 avoid v.‎ 避免 trouble n.‎ 麻烦 朝阳二模D篇 单词/短语 词性 词义 clearly adv. ‎ 清晰的 actually adv.‎ 事实上 cause v.‎ 引起，导致 consider v.‎ 考虑，认为 confusing adj.‎ 令人困惑的 opposite adj.‎ 相反的 invitation n.‎ 邀请 polite adj.‎ 有礼貌的 probably adv.‎ 大概，或许 expect v.‎ 期待，预料 touch v.‎ 触动 interrupt v.‎ 打扰 remind v.‎ 提醒，使想起 suggest v.‎ 建议，暗示 42‎