专题十九 任务型阅读
第10讲（上）五选五解题方法指导
教学目标
1. 掌握北京中考五选五的命题规律；
2. 掌握北京中考五选五的解题方法；
3. 掌握北京中考五选五的高频词。
名师点拨
北京中考五选五命题规律总结
阅读短文还原句子（即我们通常说的五选五）是北京中考题型中最年轻的题型，在2010年的北京中考中第一次出现，但值得注意的是，那时候是以五选四的形式出现，即五个选项，四个空格，有一个多余选项。在2015年的中考中改为五选五，延续至今。设空位置一般有三种：段首、段尾和段中，通过对年北京中考及东、西、海、朝的一模、二模试题进行分析可以看出，段中设空最多，段首次之，段尾最少。
北京中考五选五材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读量约在200-300字之间；2. 题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类、教育类和社会现象类等；3. 体裁多样，以记叙文和说明文为主。
北京中考五选五考察的主要内容是：1. 学生理解故事情节和事件发展顺序的能力；2. 学生理解段落中各句子之间逻辑关系的能力。主要考察的逻辑关系有五种：并列逻辑、转折逻辑、因果逻辑、指代逻辑和总分逻辑。
针对五选五这一题型，学生要养成限时阅读的习惯，提高阅读速度，每分钟40-50个词为宜；同时要注意常考点，平时练习多注意代词（it, this, they）的指代关系，选项的句内关系（如因果、转折）及重现（文章及选项的复现提示）等。
北京中考五选五解题方法指导
一、五选五解题步骤
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第一步
读选项，画关键词，暗排序
通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。
第二步
读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑
通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。
第三步
先易后难来解题
先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。
第四步
回读文章定答案
全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。
二、五选五解题技巧
题型
题型一：并列逻辑
解题技巧
如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。
典题精析
例题：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2.（北京中考五选五）
解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知E选项中的关键词good word choices与小标题一致，故选E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。
答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.”
题型
题型二：转折逻辑
解题技巧
1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；
2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。
典题精析
例题：5. But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.（北京中考五选五）
解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选D，意为“成为一个更好的作家不容易”。
答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”
题型
题型三：指代逻辑
解题技巧
1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；
2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。
典题精析
例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____.（北京东城一模五选五）
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解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知B项People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。
答案：B“People come from all over the world to run in it.”
题型
题型四：因果逻辑
解题技巧
如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；
典题精析
例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill 1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.（北京朝阳二模五选五）
解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。
答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”.
题型
题型五：总分逻辑
解题技巧
1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of …”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；
2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。
典题精析
例题：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1.（北京中考五选五）
解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是tips的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。
答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”
语篇练习
分类练习
的中考及一模、二模考试中，五种逻辑的考查概率是怎样的呢？我们一起看一下吧：
试卷
并列逻辑
转折逻辑
指代逻辑
因果逻辑
总分逻辑
中考
2
1
2
东城一模
2
2
1
西城一模
4
1
海淀一模
5
朝阳一模
4
1
东城二模
5
19
37
西城二模
2
2
1
海淀二模
3
1
1
朝阳二模
2
1
2
通过图表的展示可以看出，在五种逻辑的考察中，并列逻辑占据了半壁江山，剩余的部分由其它四种逻辑平分秋色，但我们不能忽视任何一种逻辑考查，接下来我们就实际操练一下吧！
并列逻辑怎样考？（本部分习题为并列逻辑专项练习）
（北京海淀一模）
Chess has been around for a long time. 1 . Chess is handed on an even older game from India. The chess we play today is from Europe.
Chess is a two-player game. One player uses the white pieces, the other uses the black pieces. Each piece moves in a special way. Each player has a piececalled the king.
2 . There are a few more rules, but these are the basics.
Some people think that chess is more than a game. They think that it makes the mind stronger. 3 . They think about what will happen next. These skills are useful in life and in chess. Chess is kind of like exercise for the mind.
There is a kind of chess with short time limits called blitz chess. 4 .
The clock runs during each turn. If one runs out of time, he or she will lose. Games of blitz chess are fast-paced.
Chess is not just for people. Computers have been playing chess since the 1970s. At first they did not play well. They made mistakes. As time went on, they grew stronger. In 1997, a computer defeat the best player in the world for the first time. It was a computer called Deep Blue. Deep Blue was big. It took up a whole room. 5 . Chess sure has come a long way. Don’t you think so?
A. Good chess players use their brains
B. By 2006, a cell phone could beat the best players in the world
C. In blitz chess, each player gets ten minutes for the whole game
D. People have been playing chess for over 500 years
E. The game ends when a player loses his or her king
（北京东城二模）
The Lost Dog
One very cold Saturday in January, I was told to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didn't want to go outside. Instead, I just opened the door and let the dog out by himself.
However, another neighborhood dog quickly ran past our house, and our dog sped after to catch him. 1 . Unfortunately, it was too late, and my dog was gone. I walked a few blocks, but I was unable to find him.
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Sadly, I returned home. I told my mother what had happened and I said, “I thought he would be able to come back by himself.”
My mother was very angry. 2 . The signs read, “Lost：A big black dog. Please call us right away.” and she printed our phone number on the bottom.
I posted the signs along the streets around. The whole time, I was very sad and worried about our dog. 3 . I continued looking for our dog in the neighborhood, but I didn't see him anywhere. I called out his name, looking in all the backstreets. I got more and more upset. All I wanted was to stay warm, but now I was very cold and so was my dog.
Finally, I gave up. 4 “Our dog came back home by himself. So, you were right--he did come back--but you were wrong, too. You should have been more responsible this morning.” She said.
“Yes, I was wrong.”I said in shame.
5 . What seems easy at first may turn out to be difficult in the end.
A. I thought he must be very cold
B. She decided to make some signs
C. When I returned, my mother smiled
D. I learned a very important lesson that day
E. I hurriedly put on my coat and rushed outside
（北京西城一模）
When we arrived at the Mining Museum, we were taken to a room where we stored our bags. Our guide, Alison, then introduced us to a man named Bruce Binkley who is a miner.
Mr. Binkley talked to us about how people used to look for gold.2. It seemed simple. You get a pan, fill it with dirt and water and then swirl(旋动) it around until the big stones are washed out along with other things. Gold, being heavier, is left at the bottom.
Next, we walked upstairs to look at pictures, information and samples(样品) of gold. We filled in a worksheet about the early discoveries of gold in Australia.3. That part was really exciting because you had to imagine that you were a miner digging for gold.
Lunch was spent in a nearby park.4. They were yummy! We also played hide-and-seek while we were there.
5. We boarded the bus and felt very tired. Some children even slept on the bus!
It was an enjoyable trip to the Mining Museum.
A. I had two ham sandwiches
B. Finally, it was time to return to school
D. He then showed us how to pan for gold
E. There were also some interesting gold computer games to play
（北京朝阳一模）
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Crystal (水晶）Shoes
“Hi,Jerry!” Kathy ran towards me with a bright smile, saying, “I’m going to have a dance performance (表演）tonight. I hope you’ll come. __1__ , and don’t forget!” Then she left in a hurry.
“What? Dance? Is that possible?” I asked myself. But Kathy was not such kind of girl, She was a quite common girl. I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. What a terrible thing!
“I should go. I must go!” I thought.
__3__, found my seat and sat down. Her performance was the seventh one. I knew I would have a hard time before her turn, for I had no sense of art. Time went slowly, I tried my best not to fall asleep.
Just then, came the words “Let’s welcome the next exciting dance — Kathy!”
Hearing this, I opened my eyes as large as possible, I was afraid to lose anything. Wearing a golden and shining skirt, Kathy appeared __4__, looking like a pretty butterfly flying. I could hardly believe my eyes.
__5__, I waited for her at the gate.
“ Hi !”She stood in front of me with a big smile. “How do you feel?”
“Fantastic!” I answered.
“Haha. I knew you would be. ” She could not hide her excitement, laughing like a child.
At that time, I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella (灰姑娘）.
A. Here is the ticket
B. She danced with a sweet smile
C. After all the performance ended
D. I arrived at the hall with the ticket
（北京海淀二模）
Driven to See Movies
Have you ever thought of a new idea that you would like to try? In the 1930s,a man named Richard Hollingshead did. He thought of an idea to bring together his two favorite interests: cars and movies. He wanted to start a business. 1 .
Richard tested the idea in his driveway. First he put a machine called a movie projector（放映机）on his car. Then he put up a sheet（床单）between two trees. The sheet was like the white screen used in theaters. Richard played a movie on the screen using the movie projector. Next, Richard placed a radio behind the sheet. 2 . He tried to test whether the sound could be heard from the car. He rolled his car windows up and down to find the best way to hear the movie. Finally, he tested whether a movie could be seen and heard in the rain. 3 .
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A. Every test he tried was successful
C. Sound for the movie came from the radio
D. People could watch movies from their cars
（北京中考）
Make good word choices.When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2.
Check facts.If we want people to believe what we write, we must make sure our facts are true. We should use dependable facts.
Rewrite. A common problem is that we don’t like to rewrite. In fact rewriting is the best way to find out and correct some mistakes, like grammar and spelling mistakes. 3, though it takes more time and more work.
C. Rewriting makes our writing better
E. Good word choices are necessary for good writing
（北京西城二模）
Learn to Refuse
Believe it or not, I’ve always been a people pleaser. I often put others before myself because I want to make my friends happy. ______ (1). “Can you help me with English practice?” Grace asked me on the first day after she became my desk mate. “Of course,” I replied without hesitation (犹豫). Grace has been working really hard on her studies and needed my help — although I didn’t have much time left for her.
One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Grace’s phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me feel bored, but I still felt bad about saying no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said it was 00:15 am.But I still have homework left and I wanted to sleep. This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June.
Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out.Studying is more important than other things, so Grace has to come the second. It’s now important for me to say no, no, no.
“Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry … I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered. “All right, it’s up to you,” she said. ______ (4). Anyway, it’s not so hard to say no at all.
B. If anyone asks me for help, I always say, “Yes!”
C. I felt completely relaxed when I heard her reply
（北京朝阳二模）
A Colorful World
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Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill.They were in the same hospital room. Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. His bed was next to the only window of the room. Mr. Martin had to spend all his time lying on his back. So they talked for hours without stopping. 2 .
And every afternoon when Mr. Longman could sit up in his bed, he would talk about all the things that he could see outside the window.
Mr. Martin believed that his world was made “larger” by the “colorful” outside world. Out of the window it was a park with a lovely lake. Mr. Longman told Mr. Martin about the beautiful ducks swimming freely on the water, happy children playing around, colorful flowers and big old trees around the lake. 3 , Mr. Martin closed his eyes and tried to make the richest pictures for himself in his mind.
B. When Mr. Longman told him all this
D. They talked about their families and jobs
转折逻辑怎样考？（本部分习题为转折逻辑专项练习）
（北京东城一模）
Running is free, it’s easy and now it’s becoming cool as well. Many people do not have enough time to play a team sport, so instead they have started going running. In the past, running in the street was seen as a bit silly. But things are changing.____1___.Some people go to lose weight while others go simply to keep fit. Even at 6 o’clock in the morning you sometimes see runners in the streets. Scientists say that running is a very good way to keep fit.
Sadly, running is often quite unpopular at school.In some schools when it rains and it’s too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead. Now as running has become more popular, hopefully more young people will take it up.
Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.People come from all over the world to run in it.
Interestingly, marathon running used to be seen as a hard sport, but now even people who are very unfit take part in marathons every year!_____4___; it’s because people have become more interested in running.After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners. People find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves.All you need is a pair of trainers and will power, so what are you waiting for?
A. It’s not because marathons have got easier
D. Now, lots of people go out running in their spare time
（北京西城二模）
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One day after school, while I was doing a huge amount of homework, Grace’s phone call came. She complained a lot and it made me feel bored, but I still felt bad about saying no. When Grace ended the call, the clock said it was 00:15 am. ______ (2). This was bad for a Junior 3 student who is going to take an important exam this June.
Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out. Studying is more important than other things, so Grace has to come the second. It’s now important for me to say no, no, no.
“Can you do me a favor?” Grace asked. “Sorry … I just have to review my biology notes,” I answered. “All right, it’s up to you,” she said.I felt completely relaxed when I heard her reply. Anyway, it’s not so hard to say no at all.
To be honest, I have felt much happier since learning to refuse. I have more time to spend on my study at present. ______ (5), but sometimes I say no because I know everyone has a limit.
A. But I still have homework left and I wanted to sleep
E. I still try my best to help others
（北京中考）
5. But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.
D. It is not easy to become a better writer
E. Good word choices are necessary for good writing
（北京朝阳一模）
“Hi,Jerry!” Kathy ran towards me with a bright smile, saying, “I’m going to have a dance performance (表演）tonight. I hope you’ll come.Here is the ticket, and don’t forget!” Then she left in a hurry.
“What? Dance? Is that possible?” I asked myself. __2__ She was a quite common girl. I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes. In fact, she really did not know how to dress up. What a terrible thing!
B. She danced with a sweet smile
E. But Kathy was not such kind of girl
（北京海淀二模）
5 . But people who live near the theater still enjoy this fun activity. Today drive in movie theaters give people the same joy as they did more than 80 years ago.
D. People could watch movies from their cars
E. Today there are fewer than 800 driver-in movie
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theaters
（北京朝阳二模）
Days and weeks passed. Mr. Longman got better. Finally he went back home. Then Mr. Martin asked the nurse if he could move to the other bed. Happily for him, the nurse said he could. When everything was done，he tried hard to raise himself a bit to see what was outside. 5 , to his surprise, he saw nothing but a wall.
Mr. Martin asked the nurse what made Mr. Longman able to see so many wonderful things outside. The nurse answered that the man was blind and could not even see the wall.
B. When Mr. Longman told him all this
E. However, when he looked out of the window
指代逻辑怎样考？（本部分习题为指代逻辑专项练习）
（北京东城一模）
Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____.
Interestingly, marathon running used to be seen as a hard sport, but now even people who are very unfit take part in marathons every year!It’s not because marathons have got easier; it’s because people have become more interested in running.After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners._____5____.All you need is a pair of trainers and will power, so what are you waiting for?
B. People come from all over the world to run in it
E. People find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves
因果逻辑怎样考？（本部分习题为因果逻辑专项练习）
（北京朝阳二模）
A Colorful World
Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill 1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. His bed was next to the only window of the room. Mr. Martin had to spend all his time lying on his back. So they talked for hours without stopping.They talked about their families and jobs.
And every afternoon when Mr. Longman could sit up in his bed, he would talk about all the things that he could see outside the window.
Mr. Martin believed that his world was made “larger” by the “colorful” outside world. Out of the window it was a park with a lovely lake. Mr. Longman told Mr. Martin about the beautiful ducks swimming freely on the water, happy children playing around, colorful flowers and big old trees around the lake.When Mr. Longman told him all this,
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Mr. Martin closed his eyes and tried to make the richest pictures for himself in his mind.
Days and weeks passed. Mr. Longman got better. 4 . Then Mr. Martin asked the nurse if he could move to the other bed. Happily for him, the nurse said he could. When everything was done，he tried hard to raise himself a bit to see what was outside.However, when he looked out of the window, to his surprise, he saw nothing but a wall.
Mr. Martin asked the nurse what made Mr. Longman able to see so many wonderful things outside. The nurse answered that the man was blind and could not even see the wall.
A. Finally he went back home
C. They were in the same hospital room
（北京西城二模）
Finally I burst into tears. I felt so tired and realized that the stress had an effect on my health. I tried to get myself out. ______ (3), so Grace has to come the second. It’s now important for me to say no, no, no.
D. Studying is more important than other things
E. I still try my best to help others
（北京海淀二模）
In 1933,he opened the first drive in movie theater.The theater was as big as a football field. 4 . The screen was 30 feet high and 40 feet wide. Speakers were placed next to the screen so the sound could be heard. Right away, the drive in movie theater became popular. The cost to see a movie was just 25 cents per person. By the 1950s,there were about 5 ,000 drive in movie theaters. They remained popular until the television came along.
B. And it was big enough for about 400 cars
D. People could watch movies from their cars
总分逻辑怎样考？（本部分习题为总分逻辑专项练习）
（北京中考）
Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1.
Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. Good word choices are necessary for good writing.
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Check facts. If we want people to believe what we write, we must make sure our facts are true. We should use dependable facts.
Rewrite.A common problem is that we don’t like to rewrite. In fact rewriting is the best way to find out and correct some mistakes, like grammar and spelling mistakes. Rewriting makes our writing better, though it takes more time and more work.
Read aloud. Sometimes it’s easier to find problem with spelling, word usage, and grammar when we read aloud. Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our writing.
4. Preparing a list is necessary for writing a good article. Such a list includes: Is there a proper title? Have we explained every point? Are all the parts of the article included? This can help us to make sure that we have covered everything.
A. Prepare a list
B. The following tips can be helpful
（北京东城一模）
____2___.In some schools when it rains and it’s too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead. Now as running has become more popular, hopefully more young people will take it up.
C. Sadly, running is often quite unpopular at school
D. Now, lots of people go out running in their spare time
（北京西城一模）
On Tuesday 4th April, we took a bus to travel to the Mining(矿业) Museum because we had been learning about the Gold Rushes.
1. We went past some famous places such as Sydney Harbor and the Opera House along the way. We also chatted to our friends about what we had seen on TV last night.
C. The trip into the city was interesting
D. He then showed us how to pan for gold
参考答案：
并列逻辑怎么考？
北京海淀一模：D E A C B
北京东城二模：E B A C D
北京西城一模：D E A B
北京朝阳一模：A D B C
北京海淀二模：D C A
北京中考：E C
北京西城二模：B C
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北京朝阳二模：D B
转折逻辑怎么考？
北京东城一模：D A
北京西城二模：A E
北京中考：D
北京朝阳一模：E
北京海淀二模：E
北京朝阳二模：E
指代逻辑怎么考？
北京东城一模：B E
因果逻辑怎么考？
北京朝阳二模：C A
北京西城二模：D
北京海淀二模：B
总分逻辑怎么考？
北京中考：B A
北京东城一模：C
北京西城一模：C
综合练习
（北京东城期末考试）
BeatingtheWinterBlues
Doesyourmood(情绪)changewiththeseasons?
Somepeoplefindthatwhenthetemperaturegoesdown,sodotheirspirits.Thosepeoplesometimesfeelsadfornoreason.Theyeatmoreandputonweight.Theyhavetroublesleeping.Theycan’tthinkclearly. Thisisthewinterblues.
__1__.
Getoutinthesun.Someexpertssaythatthewinterblueshappenbecausewegetlesssunlightinwinterthanwedoinotherseasons.Theysaythatthedecrease(减少)insunlightcanmakeusfeelsad.__2__.
Getsomeexercise.Takingawalkordoingsomeexercisewillmakechemicals(化学物质)calledendorphinsinyourbody.Endorphinsarenatural“feelgood”chemicals.
__3__.Avoidhavingtoomuchsugar.Ifyouprefersweetfood,likecookiesorcandy,itmaybeasignthatyouneedmoreprotein,likemeat,chicken,orfish.
Reducestress.Cutbackifyouhavetoomanythingstodo.Makesureyouhavesomequiettimetoyourself.__4__.Don’tbesobusythatyougetrun-down.
Gethelp.Ifyoufeelsadallthetimeandthefeelingwon’tgoaway,youmayhaveabiggerproblemthanthewinterblues.__5__,orgethelpfromadoctor.
A.Getsomerest
B.Eathealthyfood
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C.Talktoafriendyoutrust
D.Herearesomewaysforyoutobeatthewinterblues
E.Gettingmoresunlighteachdaycanhelpyoufeelbetter
（北京西城期末考试）
Ramen noodles are yellow noodles that originally (源自于) came from China. They became a popular street food in Japan in the early 1900s. ___1___. At that time, Japan did not have much food at all. Ramen was cheap and good, so more and more people began eating it.
In the 1905s, Momofuku Ando, the man who started the Nissin food company in Japan, had an idea. ___2___. People could pour hot water over these noodles, wait a few minutes, and then eat them. It would be instant(即食) ramen. It was not easy, but finally Ando came up with a way to make instant ramen. Japanese people loved it! Soon other companies were copying Ando’s idea. ___3___.
Today, people all around the world enjoy ramen. In fact, people eat about 40 billion bowls of ramen every year!
But the story of ramen does not end there. ___4___ .in these restaurant, all kinds of meats and vegetables are being added to ramen. And people are choosing noodle bars over sushi bars for a nice dinner out these days.
So whether you want traditional, quick, or fancy(精美的) ramen, you can find it. ___5___. You won’t miss it!
A. He wanted to make dried ramen noodles
B. Ramen is now even served in many good restaurants
C. Just look on the street, in a store, or in a restaurant near you
D. Not long after that, instant ramen spread to the other countries
E. Then, after World War II, ramen became even more popular in Japan
（北京海淀期末考试）
Four Things Teens should Do on Vacation
The teen years are filled with questions: What do I want to do with my life? Who will I be? How can I get there? ______(1), and the vacation is the best time for testing the waters. Here are some ways to help you experience smart vacation.
l Learn CPR (心脏复苏术) and first aid
______(2), but it’s better to prepared just in case. Sign up for a course through your local Red Cross. You can also order a CPR course through the Internet at home.
l ______(3)
Trying to get a job is a great experience for you. Going afteropportunities, dressing for the interview and learning to deal with turning down can be good for your future job-seeking.
______(4), so you might prefer to start your own businesswhether you offer a service like babysitting or selling homemade products online.
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l Volunteer
Volunteering is a great way for you to find your interest. It’simportant for you to decide what you want, you can be an extra pair of hands for a vet, or work for an outdoor theatre — as long as you are sure it will be a safe environment.
l Read and relax
Make sure you have enough time to relax, read, and have fun on vacation.
______(5), the vacation prepares you for life. In fact, how you spend your vacation can have a greater influence on your life than any school textbook ever will.
A. It is not easy for teens to get a job
B. Get a job or start your own business
C. If the school months prepare you for college
D. You should think about your future and get prepared
E. Nobody wants to have a reason to use life-saving skills
（北京朝阳期末考试）
What Can Bring PeopleLuck?
Nick and his friends weretalking about things that can bringthem luck.
“Ihavealucky red pen,” said Andy. “I have aluckycoin,” said Peter. “Every timeItakeatest,1.” Nick thought fora moment, and said, “My bluesocks.” “Blue socks?”the boys were surprised and asked together. Nick said thateverytimehe wore his blue socks to schoolbefore atest, hegot a good mark.
Thenextday Nick had aChinesetest.He was sad because he couldn’t findhisbluesocks.“Mom!”shouted Nick. “2?I have aChinesetest today, and Ineedto wearthem.”
“Don’t be silly!” Nick’s mom said. “Yoursocks are dirty.3.” “Toobad! I canonly get a good markwhenI wear them.” Nicksaid. “Did you prepare for your test?” asked Mom.
“Yes.”
“Then don’t worry about it.4.” Mom encouraged.
A few days later, Nick’s teacher told him that he got A+ in his test. Nick was so excited that he couldn’t wait to tell Mom he did well in his test. Mom said, “It wasn’t the blue socks that made you a success of the test.5.”
A. Just doyour best
B. Icarrymyluckycoin
C. Theyneed to bewashed
D. Where aremyblue socks
E. Infact, it was madeby yourself
参考答案：
北京东城期末考试：D E B A C
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北京西城期末考试：E A D B C
北京海淀期末考试：D E B A C
北京朝阳期末考试：B D C A E
附录—高频词
北京中考五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
tip
n.
小窍门
improve
v.
提高，改善
hand in
上交，提交
grade
n.
成绩
benefit
v.
对…有益
look up
查阅，查找
proper
adj.
合适的，恰当的
dependable
adj.
可靠的
v. depend
rewrite
v.
重写
usage
n.
使用，用法
v. use
necessary
adj.
必要的，必须的
opp. unnecessary
explain
v.
说明，解释
n. explanation
北京东城一模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
as well
也，还有
instead
adv.
反而，代替
silly
adj.
愚蠢的
lose weight
减肥
keep fit
保持健康
popular
adj.
流行的
hopefully
adv.
有希望地
adj. hopeful
take place
发生，举行
suddenly
adv.
意外地，忽然地
trainer
n.
运动鞋
北京西城一模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
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such as
例如
chat
v.
聊天
store
v.
存储
n. 商店
introduce
v.
介绍
simple
adj.
简单的
upstairs
adv.
在楼上，往楼上
opp. downstairs
discovery
n.
发现
v. discover
imagine
v.
想象
dig
v.
挖掘
nearby
adj.
在附近的
北京海淀一模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
one…the other…
（两者间）一个…另一个…
special
adj.
特殊的
rule
n.
规则，规定
basic
n.
基本原则
strong
adj.
强壮的
happen
v.
发生
limit
n.
限制
mistake
n.
错误
defeat
v.
击败，战胜
take up
占用
北京朝阳一模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
forget
v.
忘记
opp. remember
in a hurry
匆忙，立刻
possible
adj.
可能的
opp. impossible
dress up
打扮
terrible
adj.
可怕的
fall asleep
睡着，入睡
as…as possible
尽可能…
appear
v.
出现
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hardly
adv.
几乎不
fantastic
adj.
极好的
北京东城二模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
however
conj.
然而，可是
unfortunately
adv.
不幸地
opp. fortunately
right away
立刻，马上
print
v.
印刷，打印
worry about
焦虑…，担心…
continue
v.
继续
neighborhood
n.
附近，街区
give up
放弃，交出
responsible
adj.
负责的，可靠的
difficult
adj.
困难的
北京西城二模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
refuse
v.
拒绝
reply
v.
回应
a amount of
大量的
the amount of …
…的数量
complain
v.
抱怨，诉苦
burst into
突然进入（某种状态）
burst into tears
突然大哭
do sb. a favor
帮某人一个忙
review
v.
复习
at present
目前，现在
honest
adj.
诚实的
limit
n.
限度，限制
北京海淀二模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
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优
良
差
favorite
adj.
最喜欢的
start a business
创业
put up
举起，建造，
whether
conj.
是否，无论
易混词：
weather 天气
roll
v.
滚动，转动
as…as…
和……一样
right away
立刻
popular
adj.
流行的，受欢迎的
remain
v.
保持
come along
出现
北京朝阳二模五选五
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
be able to
能够
sit up
坐起来
without
prep.
没有
talk about
讨论，谈论
outside
adv.
在外面
opp. inside在里面
freely
adv.
自由地，随意地
surprise
n.
惊喜，惊奇
wonderful
adj.
极好的，精彩的
answer
v.
回答
blind
adj.
失明的
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第10讲（下）阅读表达解题方法指导
教学目标
1. 掌握北京中考阅读表达的命题规律；
2. 掌握北京中考阅读表达的解题方法；
3. 掌握北京中考阅读表达的高频词。
名师点拨
北京中考阅读表达命题规律总结
阅读表达是根据任务型教学设计的一种题型，它是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写结合的题型
北京中考阅读表达材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读量约在250-450字之间；2. 题材广泛，包括日常生活类、人生百味类和社会现象类等；3. 体裁多样，以记叙文和说明文为主。
北京中考五选五考察的主要内容是：1. 学生的阅读理解能力；2. 学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力；3. 学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确的表达出来的能力。主要考察的题型有：细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题。
纵观近几年的中考试题，不难发现阅读材料难度整体适中，材料后的题目设计难度并不很大，但是学生在实际做题过程中，经常会犯一些错误，导致不必要的失分，尤其是在主旨题的解答上，学生不会用自己的话概括文章，我们会在接下来的讲义中详细介绍。
北京中考阅读表达解题方法指导
一、阅读表达解题步骤
第一步
认真审题，读懂题意
做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。
第二步
快速浏览，掌握大意
明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。
第三步
细读题目，完成任务
泛读全文之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的
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对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。
第四步
复读文章，核实任务
完成所有任务后，还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。
二、阅读表达解题技巧
题型
题型一：细节题
解题技巧
细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。
设题方式
1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A?（北京朝阳期末）
2. Where were the researchers from? （北京海淀期末）
3. Who can help shy people?（.5北京朝阳一模）
4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? （北京丰台期末）
5. When was Burton Holmes born? （北京丰台期末）
6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. （北京朝阳期末）
典题精析
On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.（北京中考阅读表达）
问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?
解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。
答案：For 108 years and 138 days.
题型
题型二：是非题
解题技巧
提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用Yes / No作答。
设题方式
1. Do parents have homework according to letter B?（北京朝阳期末）
2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?（.5北京朝阳一模）
3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?（.1北京大兴期末）
4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?（.1北京丰台期末）
典题精析
Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it.（北京中考阅读表达）
问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?
解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler是在2015年发现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。
答案：Yes.
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题型
题型三：主旨题
解题技巧
抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点或三点构成，常用的句型有：
1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：What……is.
2. 介绍某个人物时：Who……is.
3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do …… / How……
4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of ……
例1. What is the passage mainly about?（朝阳一模）
解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it.
例2. What is the main idea of the passage?（石景山二模）
解答：How to run a studio system?
例3. What is the passage mainly about?（怀柔一模）
解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.
设题方式
1. What is the passage mainly about?（.5北京朝阳一模）
2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage?（北京大兴一模）
3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?（北京燕山一模）
4. What do you learn from this story?（北京东城二模）
5. What is the purpose of this passage?（北京顺义二模）
典题精析
Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.（北京燕山一模阅读表达）
问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用in order to短语即可得出正确答案，应填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。
答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.
题型
题型四：活用题
解题技巧
主观性最强，需要准确把握主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，扩点成句，进行润色，但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里。
设题方式
1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why?（.6北京西城二模）
2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?（北京朝阳期末）
典题精析
I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________.（北京朝阳期末）
问题：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?
解析：本题为活用题。题干意为“在letter B结尾的空白处能够填什么？”，这类题的答案比较灵活，
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不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己，当_____, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家，独自生活的时候，答案与此主题一致即可。
答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own ……
语篇练习
主旨题精讲练习
什么是主旨题？
北京中考中阅读表达共五道小题，主旨题通常是最后一道小题，也是学生最容易丢分的一道题，常见的设题方式：1. What is the passage mainly about? 文章主要讲的是什么？；
2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 在文章中作者主要告诉了我们什么？；
3. What is the main idea of paragraph X? 第X段的主要意思是什么？；
4. What do you learn from this story? 从这个故事中你能够了解到什么？；
5. What is the purpose of this passage? 这个文章的写作目的是什么？
怎样解答主旨题？
主旨题所占分值为两分，一般情况下答案由两点构成，少数情况下由一点或三点构成，解答主旨题可以分为三种逻辑：1. 利用高频句型进行解答；2. 精读首尾段进行解答；3. 用自己的语言进行概括解答，接下来将针对年中考，东、西、海、朝的一模及二模，2015年中考及东、西、海、朝的一模及二模进行举例、讲解：
1. 利用高频句型进行解答：
阅读表达的文章题材广泛，以日常生活类、人生百味类和社会现象类为主；3. 体裁多样，以记叙文和说明文为主。①、如果文章是在介绍某个人物的时候，那么可以用句型“Who … is”来进行概括；②、如果文章是在介绍某个物体、新兴事物或抽象概念时，那么可以用句型“What…is”来进行概括；③、如果文章是在介绍做某事的方法时，那么可以用句型“How to……?或How……?”来进行概括；④、如果文章是在介绍某种事物或某个习惯的好处、优点或缺点时，那么可以用句型“The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of ……”来进行概括。
例1. （北京海淀一模）
Ready, Set, Jump!
For skydivers, the sky isn’t the limit. It’s just the beginning. Thousands of people try skydiving each year.Some only jump once, while others go on to experience lifelong adventures, flying and turning over through the air.
Skydiving is a method of leaving an airplane and returning to the earth with the help of gravity, then slowing down by using a parachute (降落伞). It may include more or less free-fall, a time during which the parachute has not been used and the body gradually accelerates (加速) to the highest speed.
There are three choices for the beginners. However, before you try skydiving, a ground course on safety is required. The first method is accelerated free-fall. You jump out of the plane while being held by two coaches, one on either side. They hold onto you until you open your parachute. The second
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method is called static line. After jumping out, you will experience free-fall for a second or two. Then the weight of your body will pull the line tight, opening the parachute.
Tandem (串联) is the most popular because it is the easiest. You and the coach are tied together, the coach behind, with you in front. You jump out of the plane together, and the coach takes care of opening the parachute.
For each of these three methods, the coaches give instructions in the air with hand signals (信号) or a radio. If you are eager to try something challenging and would love to feel the freedom of flying, skydiving might be an adventure for you. Who knows? With risk and excitement mixed together, skydiving might just change your life.
What is the passage mainly about?
________________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：What skydiving is and how beginners skydive.
例2. （北京海淀一模）
Do you worry about your health? Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then quit? If you answer yes, you should try a new type of exercise: aquatic exercise. Aquatic exercise is a kind of exercise you do in a swimming pool. For example, you can run, walk, or even do a mind-body practice, such as yoga.
More and more people are trying aquatic exercise. In the United States, the number has grown by 25% in recent years. People in other countries are also doing aquatic exercise more frequently.
Aquatic exercise has many benefits. First of all, it feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is also better for your knees than running or walking.
Aquatic exercise feels easy, but you still burn calories（卡）. Water is 1,000 times thicker and heavier than air. In the same amount of time, you can burn more calories in the pool than in the gym. That’s because it takes more energy to move in the water.
But what if you are scared of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. For most kinds of aquatic exercise, you don’t even need to know how to swim.
In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them anxious. The cool and quiet environment makes them exercise more.
Aquatic exercise is suitable for everyone. You can do it at any age. It can even help people who have been hurt in accidents. With aquatic exercise, they can move in ways they can’t on land. For example, some people who can’t walk can walk and even run in the water.
So are you looking for a fun new way to improve your health? Why not try? Join the millions of people who are burning calories while keeping cool in the pool.
What is the passage mainly about?
________________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：What aquatic exercise is and its benefits.
例3. （北京朝阳一模）
People always have different feelings. Among them is shyness. It means feeling frightened when
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you are around other people. Some children were born shy. Some become very shy later because of life experience. In fact, everyone gets a little shy sometimes. It depends on how shy you are. If shyness doesn’t stop you from doing something you want to do, being shy isn’t a big problem.
According to scientists, shyness generally begins during childhood. Most of time，shyness is caused by people’s worry about what other people think of them，so shy people often find it very difficult to meet new people. This fear has bad effects on their work life, social life and love life. The following suggestions may be helpful for shy people.
Find ways to relax when you go out .When you are old enough, consider drinking a glass of wine before heading out for the night. Talk with your friend or family member to help yourself calm down (平静).
Look best when you go out. Wear something that makes you feel confident and comfortable. Listen carefully when people speak. Shy people sometimes think that meeting new people means having to do a lot of talking. You can ask simple questions and then listen to the answers. People love to feel like other people are listening to them and sharing their point of view.
Build your confidence and change your attitude towards meeting new people instead of worrying about how they will think of you, and think about what are good points you hope to find in the new person you will meet.
Try these suggestions if you do feel very shy. Hopefully you can enjoy your life better.
What is the passage mainly about?
________________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：What shyness is and how to deal with it.
例4. （北京西城二模）
Community activity is about doing in our community because we want to or we feel we should rather than because we have to.
There are lots of ways to take civic(公共的) responsibility and be active in your community:
Joining a local environmental or lean-up group, helping with a primary school play.
What can teenagers get from being involved? It's doesn't matter what teenagers do. Any involvement is good!
Role models
By getting involved with community activities, teenagers can get a chance to work with positive(积极的) adults role models besides their parents. Working with other adults encourages teenagers to see the world in different ways.
Identity(身份) and connection
Young people are busy working out who they are and where they fit in the world. Being involved in the community activities can give your child a positive way of understanding who he is. As a result, be might come to see himself as helpful or just a "good" person. Being involved in the community activities can also help create a sense of being connected to the community.
Skills
Community activities gives teenagers the chance to use the skills they already have. For example, your child could use the cooking skills he's learned at home at a community kitchen. This kind of experience gives him the chance to see how many skills he has and how valuable they can be.
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Voluntary work and community activities are great opportunities to develop skills to get a job.
Being able to manage free time while balancing free time, work and study is an important life skill. Being part of a community activity could help your child to get more organised and start to manage her own time.
Self-confidence, mental health and well-being
Finding a community activity can develop teenagers' self-confidence. Your child can learn to deal with challenges, communicate with different types of people and build up his life skills and abilities is a supportive environment. This is also good for teenager self-esteem(自尊).
It can be very positive for young people to have something that gets them involved, where others expect them to turn up and take part, and where they're supported to achieve something as part of a group. The positive feeling of belonging and having meaning can help project young people from sadness.
What does the passage mainly talk about?
________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：It’s mainly about what community activity is and the benefits of being involved community activity for teenagers.
例5. （北京海淀二模）
In April 2007, a 16-year-old boy named Charlie McDonnell was bored, so he used his laptop and webcam to make his first video, and posted it on YouTube under the name Charlieissocoollike. Two days after that, he had 150 subscribers(关注), so he decided to make more videos. He soon became quite popular in the UK.
A few months later, Oprah Winfrey, the famous American TV host, showed one of his videos called How to be English on her programme. In this video, Charlie wears a suit and tie and talks in a funny accent. He shows viewers how to make a cup of tea. The video made Charlie suddenly famous in the United States too. To say thank you to all his fans, he made a video called Challenge Charlie. In this video he asked people to suggest funny or difficult things for him to do in his videos. Challenges included drinking tomato ketchup, wearing all of his clothes at once and painting himself purple!
Charlie is also a singer and songwriter. His most popular videos are of him singing and playing the ukelele. In Duet with Myself, he uses special effects to sing a duet with himself about what a boring person he is. This has now been watched over 7 million times! Charlie met Alex Day through YouTube and they started a band together. They have made two CDs and performed several concerts.
With more than one and a half million subscribers, Charlie is the most popular video blogger in the UK. He has now made enough money to buy a house with his friend Alex. But what is the secret of his success? "I make the kind of videos that I want to watch," he says. He says that he wants to go to university in the future but has decided to try and make a career on YouTube before that. So far, it's going very well!
What is the passage mainly about?
__________________________________________________________________________.
答案：How Charlie has become a successful video maker?
例6. （北京朝阳二模）
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Bashert is a gentle, golden dog. In her mind, there is no human problem so big she can't lick(舔) better. When her owner is sad, she licks him to make him happy. When her owner feels upset, she licks him again to encourage him.
"When I go to camp, I miss Bashert a lot," Bashert's owner Aaron Richards, a 14-year-old boy in the US, told the New York Times.
Animals like Bashert play an important part in people's lives. Whether it is a dog, a cat or a goldfish, people always enjoy their companionship(陪伴). But do you know that people also love animals for other reasons?
When staying with animals, people can relax. Compared to the human world, the animal world seems to be simpler. People don't need to worry about being judged by words or behaviors. For children, they can forget grades and class performance. What they feel is warmth and acceptance without any conditions.
Animals, especially pets, also teach people to learn responsibility. Besides feeding and cleaning them, you also need to care for them. When they are sick, take them to an animal hospital. When they feel lonely, just play with them for a while. When they get old, you should spend time with them and let them know that you will always love them. Such a caring heart also tells you to treat people in a nice way. Then, you will find yourself a much beloved person.
What is the passage mainly about?
_________________________________________________________________________.
答案：How animals comfort people and why people love animals.
2. 精读首尾段进行解答：
在做题的过程中，如果发现高频句型无法概括文章主旨时，我们可以利用精读首尾段的方式进行答题。文章第一段一般会陈述出整篇文章的主旨，文章的尾段一般会对主旨进行总结，所以精读首尾段，找出贯穿文章的短语或句子，也是解答主旨大意题的方法之一。
例1. （北京朝阳一模）
Why is Denmark the “kingdom of fairy tales”? Because it was the home of famous writer Hans Christian Andersen. But there might be other reasons, says a new study.
Denmark is the happiest country in the world, according to the 2013 World Happiness Report by the United Nations (UN). The report ranks（排列）156 countries and regions (地区). All the top five happiest countries are from Europe, and three of them are fromScandinavia.
What makes people there happy? The UN considered several reasons.
Money is one. We are happy if we have money to cover our necessities. But extra (额外的) money cannot bring us more happiness. People in Northern Europe know this. From cars to mobile phones, from clothes to buildings, their designs are quite simple. Luxury (奢华) is not there.
Another reason is health. Nordic (北欧的) people have a healthy diet. They love fresh food. “There is not a big fast-food culture and no ready meals. We sit down with our families to eat our meals,” said Trina Hahnemann, a Danish cook.
A harmonious (和谐的) social life also makes us happy, according to the UN report. How about Nordic people? They live in harmony not only with people around, but also with nature. Night life is not popular in Scandinavia. People go home after work for some quality（高品质的） time with family members. Many families have a backyard. Father and child spend hours there each week, planting flowers and building swings.
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Do you want to be happy? Think about the Nordic lifestyle, and happiness is in your own hands.
What does the writer want to tell us?（尾段）
________________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：Nordic lifestyle brings us happiness and happiness is in our own hands.
例2. （北京东城二模）
Max's Good Habit
Max reads more than anyone he knows. He loves to read during all of his free time. His friends laugh at him because he would rather read than play video games, but his parents and his teachers are proud of him.They say reading is important, and it will help him learn about the world around him They also tell him it is a good habit to read on a regular basis.
One day Max was reading a magazine article about volcanoes. He told his friends all about volcanoes and what causes them to erupt（爆发）.The very next week, his class was told to do a science project. It was to create a poster board with information about volcanoes and to build a volcano model. Guess who everyone wanted in their project group? Max's friends weren't laughing at him anymore. Max ended up being in a group with Liz, Anna and Josh.
Max made copies of the magazine article about volcanoes so his project partners could read about them too. They also went to the library to look for more information about volcanoes.
The group met at Anna's house that night to organize the information. They all asked Max what he thought was most important. Then they discussed and decided on the information they wanted to put on the poster board.
The next night they met at Josh's house to build their volcano. They used cardboard and modeling clay（黏土）. First they made a volcano shape with the cardboard, and then they covered the shape in brown clay. They also fixed red clay to the top of the volcano to make it look like it was erupting.
The volcano looked great. Max, Liz, Anna and Josh were very proud of their hard work. When they teamed in their project, their teacher was proud, too.Thanks to Max's good habit, they got an A+ on both parts of the project.
What do you learn from this story?（首段和尾段）
________________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：I learn that reading is a good and important habit and it’s helpful for our study.
例3. （北京海淀二模）
Clowning Around
It’s almost time for the summer holidays. The thought of sunshine, no school or homework and traveling around are in everyone’s mind. However, a lot of teenagers stay at home during the summer holidays. If you don’t have any plans this summer and want to learn something cool and fun, why don’t you try a circus(杂技）skill? There are plenty of skills that are easy to learn with a bit of practice.
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Hula hooping is a good choice because it s a fun way to keep fit. Once you’ve learned how to keep the hoop moving around your waist, you can try around your arms, legs and even neck!
Or how about juggling? This is a skill that takes a little bit of practice regularly. If you master the basics, there are lots of simple tricks that look exciting. Most juggling beginners start with three soft balls. You can throw and catch them so that one is always in the air and the others in your hands. After perfecting this skill, you can add more balls. Some people can juggle up to ten balls.
To people who don t like the sound of hula hooping, perhaps diabolo is more suitable. This looks like two plastic cones（圆锥体）joined together at the tips placed on a piece of string held by the player. You can spin, throw and catch the diabolo to show off some interesting but simple tricks.
All of these are exciting to try. Most of the equipment（装备）can be found in toy shops or some websites on the Internet. Most cities will have a circus club for teenagers to try out the different tricks and they even offer workshops to teach the skills properly and safely. Once you find he skill for you, I m sure you’ll be practicing all summer long, eager to impress your classmates when September comes around again.
What does the passage mainly talk about?（首段）
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：Tricks Circus skills for teenagers. / Activities for teenagers to learn circus skills (during summer holidays).
3. 用自己的语言进行概括解答
如果前两种方法都行不通的条件下，我们只能够用自己的语言进行概括解答，这时要注意，可以先分析出每段说的是什么，再综合出全文说的是什么，这也是最考查英语语言运用能力的。
例1.（北京西城一模）
Our views towards life change over the time. When I was around five years old, I was in a car accident. At that time, I did not realize the seriousness of it and how lucky I was to still be alive. As I look back to think what happened on that night, I now realize how lucky my family members and I were to not have gotten serious injuries.
The clay of the accident started out great. My brother, Troy and I had spent the night before at JoAnn's house, with Heather, and JoAnn's husband Gary. The next day we spent playing inside the house, because it was cold, windy and rainy outside. At night, JoAnn told us we were going out and that where we were going was a surprise. The five of us climbed into an old car, and we set off for our surprise. It was still cold, windy, and raining cats and dogs outside when we left. Troy, Heather and 1 sat in the backseat together happily. The next thing I knew was that everything was chaos (混乱)! The road was so slick (滑的）that the car lost control. Glass was flying everywhere, and it sounded like there was noise all around us. Then it was totally quiet, except for the sound of the rain and wind. Troy, Healthier and I were all lying on top of one another. The three of us were crying, not knowing what had happened. JoAnn and Gary were trying to calm (使平静）us down and kept asking us if we were all right. Luckily, none of us was injured, just a few cuts. After that I only remember sitting there in the cold, dark night waiting for Gary to get back with people to help us. We never got to the surprise that night. Bui at least we were able to go home in one piece.
After my brother and I got home that night, I remember my parents let us stay up as long as we wanted to. I guess my parents were realizing just how close they came to losing us that night. As I
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think of the tragedy (悲剧）that could have happened on that night, I realize how precious (宝贵）life is. I treasure my family and friends, and hope that we will share a loving, caring, and rewarding lifetime together. Things seldom go the way I plan them to, but I take a deep breath, try to laugh, and make the best of it.
What is the passage mainly about?
________________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案：It is mainly about a car accident and the writer’s new views towards life.
综合练习
（北京东城期末考试）
ABookforJonah
Asix-year-oldboynamedDylanSiegelwantedtohelphisfriendJonahbecauseJonahhasaseriousliverdisease (肝病).Andthediseaseissouncommonthatonlyoneineverymillionpeoplehasit.Scientistsaredoingresearchtofindatreatmentforthe
disease.Dylantoldhisparentsthathewantedtoraisemoneytohelppayfortheresearch.Hisparentssuggestedhavingabake(烘焙品)saleorsettingupalemonadestand,buthehadanotheridea.
Dylantookuphispencilandwrotea16-pagebooktitledChocolateBar.TheideaforhisbookcamefromaphrasethatDylanandJonahcreated.Thephraseis“sochocolatebar”.Itmeans“socool”or“sowonderful”.Inthebook,Dylanwritesaboutsomeofhisfavoritethings,likeswimmingandgoingtothebeach.Hewritesthateachexperienceis“sochocolatebar”.
Soonthebookwasprinted.Dylan,hisfamily,andhisfriendsworkedhardtoprepareforthebooksale.Ataspecialeventattheboys’school,Dylantoldeveryoneaboutthebook.AstoreprovidedchocolatebarstobesoldattheschooltoraisemoremoneyforJonah.Dylansoldall200copiesofhisbookand100candybars,making$5,000injustafewhours.
That was justthestart.Theboysappeared onTVshowsto talkabout thebook.TheywenttoabookstoreinCaliforniaandsignedthebooksthatpeoplebought.Atthebooksigningeventtheymadeevenmoremoney.AndawebsitethattellsaboutJonah’sdiseasealsohascopiesofthebookforsale.
Sofar,Dylanhasraisedseveralhundredthousanddollars.Dylan’sgoalisamilliondollars.HegivesallthemoneytothescientistsintheUniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine,wheretheyaretryingtofindatreatmentforthedisease.
DylanenjoyshelpingJonah.Dylansays thathelpingafriendis“sochocolatebar”！
1. What’swrongwithJonah?
________________________________________________________________________.
2. Whatdoes“sochocolatebar”meanaccordingtoDylanandJonah?
________________________________________________________________________.
3. HowmuchmoneydidDylanraiseat abooksaleat school?
________________________________________________________________________.
4. WhodoesDylangiveall themoneyto?
_________________________________________________________________________.
5. WhycouldDylan succeedinraisingsomuchmoney?
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________________________________________________________________________.
（北京西城期末考试）
Warren Buffett is one of the richest people in the world. Mike flint was Buffett’s pilot for ten years. During a trip, Buffett said to Flint, “You must have dreams greater than flying me around to where I need to go.” The pilot said he did have bigger dreams. And then Buffett took him through a three-step process for prioritizing(优化), to decide which things are the most important and what to start with.
First, Buffett asked Flint to write down a list of twenty-five career goals. Flint took some time and wrote them down. Second, Buffett asked Flint to do some soul-searching and circle the five highest-priority goals on the list. Again, Flint took some time, made his way through the list and eventually decided on his five most important goals.
At this point, Buffett asked, “but what about these other 20 things on your list you didn’t circle? What is your plan for completing those?” Flint replied confidently, “Well the five highest-priority goals are the most important but the other twenty come in at a close second. So I’ll work on those twenty as well as I’m getting through my five highest-priority goals.” To Flint’s surprise, Buffett said, “No. You’ve got it wrong. The third step is to take a good hard look at the 20 goals. You should avoid them at all costs. They eat away time and energy, taking your eye from the goals than matter more.”
It is a simple process but not always an easy one. We are in a world where there’s more competition for your focus(专注) than ever before. We have to guard it with our life. Without focus, without staying true to our priorities, we will not get done other things we try to fit in and get done what’s most important to ourselves.
Every behavior has a cost. But time and energy are limited. Successful people prioritize their most important goals and avoid things but take up time, energy and space that could be put toward better behavior or more important tasks.
Once you’ve picked a goal, work towards it while ignoring(忽视) the things that will compete for your attention.
1. Did Flint work for Buffett as a pilot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
2. How many steps did Buffett take Flint through?
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
3. What did Buffett ask flint to do first?
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
4. What did Buffett advise Flint to do with the other 20 goals?
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
5. Why can prioritizing goals help people to achieve success?
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
（北京海淀期末考试）
Could getting a good night’s sleep avoid putting on weight for children?
According to a new study, putting preschoolers in bed by 8 P.M.
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Could reduce their chances of becoming overweight or obese (肥胖) later in life by half. Preschoolers are children around the age of 4 or 5.
The researchers from Ohio State University wrote their findings in the Journal of Pediatrics. They have found that young children who go to bed after 9 P.M. are twice as likely to be obese later in life. The lead author of the study is Sarah Anderson. She says that it’s very important for parents to create a bedtime routine for their children.
How was the research conducted? Researchers chose 977 children for it. These children are part of a larger project called the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. The project follows healthy babies born in 1991 in ten U.S.cities. In order to have a clearer picture of the results, researchers then divided the children into three groups:
l those who went to bed by 8 P.M. or earlier
l those who went to bed between 8 P.M. and 9 P.M.
l those whose bedtimes were after 9 P.M.
When these children turned 15 years old, the researchers looked at the results of the study. Of those with the earliest bedtimes, only one out of ten was obese. Of those who went to bed between 8 and 9 at night. 16 percent of the children became obese. And out of those with the latest bedtimes, 23 percent of the children became obese.
“Having a usual bedtime routine can lower children’s risk of becoming overweight. Besides, as usual, early bedtime is also likely to have positive effects on behavior and social development,” said Professor Anderson.
1. Where were the researchers from?
_______________________________________________________________________.
2. How many children were chosen for the research?
_______________________________________________________________________.
3. Why did the researchers divide the children into three groups?
_______________________________________________________________________.
4. When did the researchers look at the results?
_______________________________________________________________________.
5. What does the research tell us?
_______________________________________________________________________.
（北京朝阳期末考试）
LetterA
Youngpeoplearealwaystoldthattheyshouldmakethemostoftheirtime,that theywillneverbeasfreeagain.So,myquestionis--whyfillupallthisfreetimewithhousework?Parentsexpecttheirchildren togetgood grades, begoodat sports, andbepopularwith other kids.
However,thereisnotenoughtimeinthedaytodothesethingsandthendohouseworkaswell.It’snotfairtoexpectteenagerstogiveuptheirfreetimetodoboringhousework.Parentsandchildrenbothhavejobs.Parents’jobsareintheworkplace.Their children’s jobs are at school.
Theonlydifferenceisthatparentsgetpaidandchildrendon’t.Parentssaythattheymaketheirkidsdohouseworktoteachthemresponsibility(责任).Butthisisjusta trick(欺骗). Parents trick theirkids into doinghouseworkbecausetheyarelazy.
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Yours,
Overtired
LetterB
Bothparentsandchildrenhavejobs.Theparent’sjobistogotoworktoearnmoney.Thechild’sjobistogotoschool.Butweallgethungry.Someonehastocookthe mealsandcleanupaftergettinghome.We allwearclothesthatgetdirty.Someonehastowashthem,iron(熨烫)them,andputthemaway.Childrenworkfrom9until4.Parentsworkfrom8until6.Sure,after4o’clock,childrenhavehomework.Butafter6,parentshavehomeworktoo.Theyhavetodotheshopping,gotothebank,paythebills, andhelptheir kids with theirown homework!
Ithinkit’sonlyfairthatteenagershelpoutabitathome.Theymightnotlikeit,butit’sgoodforthem.Itteachesthemhowtolookafterthemselves.Thisisreallyusefulwhen 5.
Yours,Overworked
1. What is the writer’s question inLetterA?
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Howareparents’jobs differentfromchildren’sjobs accordingtoLetterA?
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Do parents have homework accordingtoLetter B?
_________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Who most probablywroteLetterB,a parent or achild?
__________________________________________________________________________________.
5. What can be filled inthe blank(空白) at theend of letterB？
__________________________________________________________________________________.
参考答案：
（北京东城期末考试）
1. Jonahhasaseriousliverdisease.
2. Itmeans“socool”or“sowonderful”.
3. $5,000.
4. thescientistsintheUniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine.
5. Because he is a warm hearted boy and thought of a special idea to raise money, he also worked hard to sell the book h wrote and got help from many other people.
（北京西城期末考试）
1. Yes, he did.
2. Three steps.
3. write down a list of twenty-five career goals.
4. Avoid them at all costs.
5. Because time and energy are limited and we have to focus on the most important goals.
（北京海淀期末考试）
1. Ohio State University.
2. 977.
3. In order to/To have a clearer picture of the results.
37
4. When these children turned 15 years old.
5. Getting a good night’s sleep could avoid putting on weight for children.
（北京朝阳期末考试）
1. Whyfillupallthisfreetimewithhousework?
2. Parents get paid (and children don’t).
3. Yes.
4. A parent.
5. They leave home to go to college. / live on their own./ …
附录—高频词
北京中考阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
drop…into..
把…扔进…
sink
v.
下沉
过去式：sank
pick up
捡起，接载
damage
v.
损害，毁坏
finally
adv.
最后，终于
actually
adv.
实际上，事实上
place
v.
放置
n. 地方
depend on
依赖
return
v.
返回
experiment
n.
实验
北京东城一模阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
minimalist
n.
极简抽象派艺术家
minimalism n. 极简派艺术
messy
adj.
凌乱的，散乱的
encouraged
adj.
被激励的，受到鼓舞的
v. encourage 鼓励
collect
v.
收集
charity
n.
慈善
actually
adv.
实际上，事实上
organized
adj.
有组织的
v. organize 组织
advertisement
n.
广告
v. advertise 为…做广告
mindful
adj.
留心的
continue
v.
继续，延续
北京西城一模阅读表达
37
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
crazy
adj.
疯狂的
produce
v.
创作，生产
interview
n.
采访，面谈
stress
n.
压力
come up with
提出
confidence
n.
自信
adj. confident
自信的
practice
v.
练习
drop out
退学，退出
prepare for
为…准备
opportunity
n.
时机，机会
北京海淀一模阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
limit
n.
限制
adventure
n.
冒险活动
return
v.
返回
include
v.
包括
gradually
adv.
逐步地，渐渐地
require
v.
需要，要求
popular
adj.
流行的
instruction
n.
指示
eager
adj.
渴望的
challenging
adj.
有挑战性的
n. challenge 挑战
北京朝阳一模阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
shyness
n.
羞怯，害羞
adj. shy
frightened
adj.
受惊的，害怕的
stop…from doing
阻止…做某事
according to
根据，按照
generally
adv.
一般地，通常
childhood
n.
童年，儿童时期
confident
adj.
有信心的
n. confidence
comfortable
adj.
舒适的，安逸的
37
attitude
n.
态度
instead of
代替，而不是
北京东城二模阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
during
prep
在…期间
free
adj.
自由的，空闲的
laugh at
嘲笑
create
v.
创造，创作
information
n.
信息
not…anymore
不再…
end up
以…结束，最终成为…
organize
v.
组织
be proud of
以…而骄傲
thanks to
多亏，由于
北京西城二模阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
private
adj.
私有的，私人的
president
n.
总统
opinion
n.
意见，主张
record
v.
记录，记载
behave
v.
表现
n. behavior
crazy
adj.
疯狂的
political
adj.
政治的
bite
v.
咬，叮
过去式：bit
过去分词：bitten
amazing
adj.
令人惊异的
even if
虽然，即使
北京海淀二模阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
plenty of
大量，许多
a bit of
一点
keep fit
保持健康
waist
n.
腰
37
regularly
adv.
定期地，有规律地
add
v.
增加，添加
suitable
adj.
适当的，相配的
eager
adj.
渴望的
impress
v.
给予某人深刻印象
come around
来，回来
北京朝阳二模阅读表达
单词/短语
词性
词义
拓展
掌握情况
优
良
差
including
prep.
包含，包括
nearly
adv.
几乎，差不多
convenient
adj.
方便的
n. convenience
handle
n.
把手，柄
connect
v.
连接
press
v.
压，按
button
n.
按钮，纽扣
advantage
n.
优势
opp. disadvantage
ancient
adj.
古老的
enrich
v.
充实，提高
37
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