I’ve had this bike for three years
单元语法聚焦十
since和for的用法
现在完成时常和since或for引导的时间状语连用，此时的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
1．since后面可以接表示过去的时间点，也可以接表示过去的从句。表示从过去某一时间开始直到现在的一段时间。如：
Tony has taught English in our school since last year.
自从去年，托尼就在我们学校教英语。
Tony has taught English in our school since he came to China last year.
自从去年来到中国，托尼就在我们学校教英语。
2．for后面可以接一个表示时间段的短语，表示动作或状态延续多长时间。如：
We have lived in Beijing for three years.
我们已经住在北京三年了。
3．since和for的相互转换：
(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段 如：
I have kept the book since two weeks ago.
＝I have kept the book for two weeks.
(2)since＋时间点＝for＋时间段 如：
It's 10 o'clock now. I have been here since 8 o'clock.
＝It's 10 o'clock now. I have been here for two hours.
4．常用的since句型：
(1)since＋从句(常用一般过去时) 如：
The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris.
自从他们从巴黎搬到北京后，格林一家一直住在北京。
(2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since＋从句(常用一般过去时)．如：
It is/has been two years since my brother joined the army.我哥哥参军已有两年了。
[拓展]短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，如become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, go, join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have, keep等来代替非延续性动词。如：
I have bought the book for a week. (×)
I have had the book for a week. (√)
我买这本书一周了。
( )1.2018·眉山—Are you a basketball player in your school?
—Yes. I ________ the team 3 years ago. I ________ in it for 3 years.
A．joined; was
B．was joined; am
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C．have joined; have been
D．joined; have been
( )2.2018·桂林Daming ________ in this place since two years ago.
A．have lived B．has lived C．lives
( )3.2018·武汉—Do you still play basketball?
—Oh, no. I ________ it for the past two years.
A．haven't played B．didn't play
C．won't play D．hadn't played
( )4.2017·乐山—I'm sorry for being late.
—Never mind. The meeting ________ for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
A．has begun B．has ended
C．has been on
( )5.2018·龙东—Hurry up, the movie Wolf Warrior Ⅱ ________ for 10 minutes.
—OK, I'm coming right now.
A．began B．has begun
C．has been on
( )6.2018·上海The film Operation Red Sea ________ a lot of praise since its first show months ago.
A．wins B．win
C．will win D．has won
( )7.2017·北京Lily is my classmate. We ________ each other since she came to our school.
A．know B．knew
C．have known D．will know
( )8.2017·黄石—Where is your uncle, Jane?
—He is in Guangzhou. He ________ for a month.
A．has left B．has gone
C．left D．has been away
教师详解详析
1．D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.D
7．C 考查动词的时态。根据从句“since she came to our school”可知，应该使用现在完成时。故选C。
8．D 考查动词的时态。句意：“简，你的叔叔在哪里？”“他在广州。他已经离开一个月了。”根据语境可知，题空处用现在完成时；根据“for a month”可知，题空处不能用短暂性动词。故选D。
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