北京海淀区2019届高三二模
英语模拟试题
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
Spring is coming. Everything is waking from its winter sleep. The fields ___1___(dress) in a fresh robe of green. The wild flowers begin to peep forth(隐隐露出). Birds sing among the trees, and begin to get their nests ready ___2___ summer. Men are now sowing seeds in the fields. The days are ___3___(warm), for brighter sunshine has come again. Everything is full of life and joy.
【答案】1. are dressed
2. for 3. warmer
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了春天来到，万物复苏的景象。
【1题详解】
考查时态，语态。田野上穿着一件新鲜的绿色长袍。dress意为“给……穿衣服”。表示“穿着……”，应用be dressed结构。根据前两句可知，该空应用一般现在时态。且主语是复数名词fields，故填are dressed。
【2题详解】
考查介词。ready常和介词for搭配，表示“为……做好准备”，故填介词for。
【3题详解】
考查形容词比较级。根据后面的brighter sunshine可知，该句表达：因为更明亮的阳光又来了，所以天更暖和了。且该空作表语，故填形容词的比较级warmer。
B
Astronauts are people who go out into space. Being an astronaut is an exciting job. While in space, astronauts can look down and see ___4___（cloud）, land, and water. They can even see the moon up close. Astronauts get the chance ___5___(see) more stars than you or I have ever seen. Being an astronaut may be exciting, ___6___ it is not an easy job. A person who ___7___(want) to be an astronaut has to study for years. There are many things an astronaut must learn to do before going into
space.
【答案】4. clouds
5. to see 6. but
7. wants
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了宇航员在太空中见到的景象，宇航员工作的特点等相关信息。
【4题详解】
考查名词。该空作see的宾语，应用名词，且空中的云彩不止一朵，故应用名词复数形式。故填clouds。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。the chance后常接动词不定式作定语，故填to see。
【6题详解】
考查连词。前句句意：当宇航员可能是令人兴奋的。空后句意：当宇航员不容易。前后两句之间是转折关系，故填连词but。
【7题详解】
考查主谓一致。who ___4___(want) to be an astronaut是定语从句，修饰a person，引导词在从句中作主语，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填wants。
C
Today, our class went to “The Fishery”, ___8___ is a local fish store, because we are learning about fish: where they live and how they are different from people. Inside the store it was very dark, except for the bright lights on top of each tank. The girl ___9___(work) in the store told me that the lights are neon, and they are used to show off the bright colours of each fish. Under the lights, the fish were blue, purple, yellow, and green. They ___10___(look) so beautiful that I wanted to take all of them home.
【答案】8. which
9. working 10. looked
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者和同学们去一个名叫“The Fishery”的鱼店的所见所闻。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。___1___ is a local fish store是非限制性定语从句，修饰The Fishery，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。“___2___(work) in the store”是定语，修饰the girl，the girl和work之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填working。
【10题详解】
考查时态。根据后面的“I wanted to…”和前文语境可知，该句叙述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时态。故填looked。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Double Trouble
When I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it. But, as usual, I was broken. I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan. I went to her room, ___11___her for the cash. Laughing, she agreed to___12___ me the money, but added, “I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every ___13___until you pay me back.”
“Compound interest---what’s that?” I asked.
“Well, interest is what you call the___14___money borrowers have to pay back on a loan,” she explained. “Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the___15___you take to pay back the loan. To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month. If you wait two months to pay me back, your___16___ will grow from $10 to $11. So I’ll be charging you interest on $11. Then I will add that interest to the $11 you already owe me, for a ___17___of $12.10. That’s what you’ll owe after two months.”
“Sure. I get it,” I said. Though truthfully, I was getting ___18___.
Kathleen lent me the money, and I bought the toy. My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. ___19___,that was just the amount I needed to buy another toy I wanted ___20___. I put off paying my sister for a month. After another month, I___21___about the loan.
Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $02 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket ___22___Kathleen tapped me on the shoulder.
“Sorry kiddo. That’s mine. I’m ___23___on your debt.”
“Huh?” Then I remembered the loan. “Hey! How can it be that much? I ___24___borrowed $10.”
“True,” she said, “but interest has been compounding for eight months. Now you ___25___me $21.43.” She paused, then added. “You can pay me the $1.43.”
I ___26___to believe that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly. Much to my ___27___, my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up.
My head ___28___as I tried to keep track of Kathleen’s ___29___, but this time, I got the basic idea of compound interest. I ___30___the hard way that borrowing money can be “double trouble” in no time.
11. A. blaming B. begging C. searching D. preparing
12. A. pay B. send C. lend D. hand
13. A. month B. year C. week D. day
14. A. little B. same C. enough D. extra
15. A. shorter B. longer C. more D. less
16. A. cash B. saving C. note D. debt
17. A. total B. cost C. number D. bill
18. A. encouraged B. shocked C. confused D. satisfied
19. A. Gradually B. Obviously C. Unfortunately D. Hopefully
20. A. seriously B. anxiously C. secretly D. desperately
21. A. forgot B. knew C. talked D. cared
22. A. after B. until C. while D. when
23. A. carrying B. collecting C. relying D. focusing
24. A. normally B. nearly C. only D. really
25. A. owe B. offer C. take D. give
26. A. decided B. refused C. pretended D. managed
27. A. relief B. delight C. annoyance D. regret
28. A. turned B. nodded C. stuck D. hurt
29. A. calculations B. excuses C. directions D. discoveries
30. A. explored B. learned C. explained D. questioned
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者八岁时一次借钱的经历。本来作者只借了姐姐10美元，可是最终作者的债务累加到了21.43美元。经过这次经历，作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。
11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. blaming责备；B. begging恳求；C. searching搜索，搜寻；D. preparing准备。我需要钱，去恳求姐姐借钱。B选项正确。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. pay付钱；B. send送，派；C. lend借给；D. hand递。姐姐同意借给我钱。C选项正确。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. month月；B. year年；C. week周；D. day日。由第三段中的“To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month”可知，姐姐答应借给我钱，但是要作者每个月付10%的利息。A选项正确。
【14题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. little不多的，小的；B. same同样的；C. enough足够的；D. extra额外的。利息是借钱人在归还贷款时额外付的钱。D选项正确。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. shorter更短的；B. longer更长的；C. more更多的；D. less更少的。归还贷款需要的时间越长，所需支付的利息就越多。B选项正确。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. cash现金；B. saving积蓄；C. note钞票；D. debt债务。姐姐告诉我：“如果你等两个月归还我的钱，那么，你的债务将从10美元增加到11美元。” D选项正确。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. total总数；B. cost花费，成本；C. number数目；D. bill账单。如果作者两个月才归还姐姐的钱的话，那么，利滚利，最终作者要归还的总数为12.10美元。A选项
正确。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. encouraged受到鼓励的；B. shocked震惊的；C. confused困惑的；D. satisfied满意的。根据though可知，我告诉姐姐我明白了。但是，说实话，我很困惑。C选项正确。
【19题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Obviously明显地；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Hopefully充满希望地。我生日那天，妈妈给了我10美元，不幸地是，那笔钱恰恰就是我买另一个玩具所需要的钱。C选项正确。
【20题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. seriously严肃地，认真地；B. anxiously焦虑地；C. secretly秘密地；D. desperately极度地。作者特别想要再买一个礼物。D选项正确。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. forgot忘记；B. knew认识，知道；C. talked交谈；D. cared在意。由下文中““Huh?” Then I remembered the loan”可知，又过了一个月，作者忘记了自己借的钱，到了圣诞节经姐姐提醒才想起来。A选项正确。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。A. after在……之后；B. until直到……；C. while当……时候；D. when当……时候。作者正要把20美元放到自己的口袋里，这时候姐姐拍了拍他的肩膀。be doing…when…意为“正要做某事这时突然……”。D选项正确。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. carrying携带，运送；B. collecting收取；C. relying依靠；D. focusing（使）集中。姐姐告诉作者：“我要收债了”。B选项正确。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. normally正常地；B. nearly几乎；C. only仅仅；D. really的确，确实。作者经过姐姐提醒，记起了自己的债务。但是他认为自己没借那么多钱，他只借了10美元。C选项正确。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. owe欠；B. offer（主动）提供；C. take带走；D. give给。姐姐告诉作者，过了八个月，作者欠她21.43美元。A选项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. decided决定；B. refused拒绝；C. pretended假装；D. managed设法做到。作者不相信10美元的借款会这么快就会加倍。B选项正确。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. relief缓解；B. delight高兴；C. annoyance恼怒；D. regret后悔，遗憾。令作者感到生气的是，姐姐拿来铅笔和便签簿，向作者展示这个钱数是怎么来的。C选项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. turned转动；B. nodded点头；C. stuck粘贴，粘；D. hurt疼痛。当作者努力地想弄清楚姐姐的计算时，作者很头疼。D选项正确。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. calculations计算；B. excuses借口，理由；C. directions方向；D. discoveries发现。由上面的“my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up”可知，姐姐给作者计算这个钱数是怎么来的。故A选项正确。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. explored探索；B. learned学会；C. explained解释；D. questioned询问，质疑。作者通过这次经历学会了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。B选项正确。
【点睛】完形填空解题技巧：上下联系寻信息：文章中，句与句之间、段与段之间紧密相连、浑然一体。因此，完形填空中经常会出现前面的信息为后面的空白提供暗示，而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情况。这时，考生切不可死盯空白不放，而要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案。例如11小题。由下文中““Huh?” Then I remembered the loan可知，作者本来忘记了自己借的钱，到了圣诞节经姐姐提醒才想起来。这是典型的通过上下文联系来确定答案的例子。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Day of School
Fear started taking over, I was walking into my first school in America. I had traveled a long distance from India in order to join my parents, who had been for three years, hoping America would
help my future. My father decided that I would be better off going to school here, so I enrolled(登记)in the local high school in my new town.
I was afraid how I would do. On the first day, I went to my second period class after I had missed my first. With anxiety, I reached for the door, opening it slowly. Without paying attention to my classmates, I went straight to the teacher and asked if this was the right class. With a soft voice he answered. “Yes.” His voice comforted me a little. He gave me a sheet called Course Requirements, which I would never get in India because we didn’t have anything like that. Then he asked me to choose where I would sit. I didn’t actually want to pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats, so I never needed to worry about that. I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the image produced by the overhead projector. In Indian schools, we didn’t use the technology we had. We had to take notes as the teacher spoke.
It was noon. I was very confused about when I would have lunch. I went to my next class and the bell rang as I entered. I went through the regular process of asking the teacher if I was in the right class. She said, “It’s still fourth period.”
“But the bell just rang,” I said.
Changing from a gentle tone to a harsher(刺耳的)one, she said, “That is the lunch bell, young man.”
I apologized. Without another word I headed for the cafeteria. I felt lucky because we didn’t have this in India. Every confusion seemed like a barrier I had to get through to reach my goal. At the end of the day, I was on my way to the bus which we didn’t have in India either. I spotted my bus and sat down inside happily. I was thinking, today wasn’t o bad.
31. The author attended an American high school because _______.
A. his father preferred American schools
B. his family wanted him to have a bright future
C. his mother had worked in it for 3 years
D. he had been longing to leave his homeland
32. What do we know about the author's first day of school?
A. He went to the wrong class for the second period
B. He met some enthusiastic teachers and classmates
C. He got the Course Requirements sheet from his classmate
D. He experienced differences from the Indian schools in many ways
33. How did the author feel at the end of the day?
A. Worried B. Puzzled
C. Relieved D. Excited
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者从印度来到美国，在美国上高中。作者记叙了第一天上学的经历和感受。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“I had traveled… join my parents…, hoping America would help my future. My father decided that I would be better off going to school here”可知，作者的父母希望美国会对作者的未来有好处，在美国上学作者会更好。故B选项“父亲希望作者有个光明的未来。”正确。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段和第三段中的“He gave me a sheet called Course Requirements, which I would never get in India，I didn’t actually want to pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats，I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the image produced by the overhead projector. In Indian schools, we didn’t use the technology we had…I felt lucky because we didn’t have this in India”可知，作者在美国上学的第一天，遇到了很多和印度不一样的地方。例如：自己选择座位，课程安排等。故结合选项，D选项正确。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“I was afraid how I would do. On the first day, I went to my second period class after I had missed my first. With anxiety…”和最后一段中的“I spotted my bus and sat down inside happily. I was thinking, today wasn’t so bad”可知，作者一开始非常害怕，非常焦虑，但是到了这一天结束的时候，他感觉这一天不是那么糟糕。由此可以推知，作者的焦虑最终得以缓解。C选项正确。
【点睛】细节理解题主要的答题策略：细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。在第一题中，考生直接可以根据题干中的“American high
school”确定信息在第一段。再由第一段“I had traveled… join my parents…, hoping America would help my future. My father decided that I would be better off going to school here”可直接确定答案。
B
Why do you go to the library? For books yes--but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else's life. At one type of library, you can do just that--even though there's not a single book.
At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life
For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise make a quick judgment about.
According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community.
The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since.
Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren’t places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don’t need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs,
from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.
The stories these "books" tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in between. And that's the very point of the organization--to prove that no person can be summed up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly can't judge a book by its cover---or by its title or label.
34. The “books” in human libraries are____________.
A. long-held beliefs attracting individuals
B. inspiring stones motivating people in trouble
C. events in which people can talk to volunteers
D. unfairly-treated people sharing their experiences
35. The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_______.
A. aimed to help the young suffering from violence
B. attempted to replace traditional physical libraries
C. laid a foundation for the Human Library Organization
D. led to a pleasing development for the community with racism
36. In human libraries, the readers are likely to_________.
A. deepen their understanding of people B. enrich their own personal experiences
C. hear the stories from all over the world D. make quick judgments about the “books”
37. The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. compare and evaluate B. inform and explain
C. discuss and persuade D. analyze and suggest
【答案】34. D 35. C 36. A 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了有关“the Human Library”的相关信息。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事，加深对他人的了解。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that
individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life” 可知，Human Library的“书”实际上人，这些人来自各行各业，他们经历了种族，宗教，性别等方面的歧视。读者们可以和这些人交谈，了解他们的经历。D选项正确。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since”可知，Ronni Abergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事举行了为期四天的活动，希望提高人们对青年人暴力的意识。在这次活动成功之后，Abergel建立了the Human Library Organization，该组织一直在发展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen举行的活动的成功导致了the Human Library Organization的成立，结合选项可推知，该活动奠定了该组织的基础，故C选项正确。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community”可知，the Human Library给社会提供了分享和了解别人经历的机会。由此可知，通过the Human Library，人们可以加深对他人的了解。故A选项正确。
【37题详解】
写作意图题。文章介绍了the Human Library(真人图书馆)的情况。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事。文章还介绍了the Human Library的成立的情况。很明显，作者希望通过这篇文章让读者了解the Human Library，结合选项，其写作目的应为B选项：告知解释。
C
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his
face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother’s incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy 's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual’s success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years al Columbia University 's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
38. According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A. to think critically B. to decide one’s own fate
C. to live a better life D. to recover from adversity
39. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists B. The resilient children
C. Positive elements D. Internal locus of control
40. According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.
A. your positive perception may turn adversity around
B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events
C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
41. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To teach people how to be resilient
B. To encourage people to live through adversity
C. To indicate people’s perception varies from each other
D. To compare different research findings about resilience
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. A 41. A
【解析】
这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。故D选项正确。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。他们认为他们自己，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。故B选项正确。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。故A选项正确。
【41题详解】
写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。A选项正确。
【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第二小题中，考生可以根据该画线词所在的上下文语境来推测其指代对象。The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates. 由该句所在上一句文可知，该句中所有的they指的都是the resilient children。下一句中的themselves也是就the resilient children来说的。很明显，该画线词就是指“the resilient children”。
D
Science is finaly beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I’ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
42. According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.
A. interaction B. analysis
C. creation D. abstraction
43. The research into pigs shows that pigs___________.
A. learn letters quickly
B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship
D. can apply knowledge to new situations
44. Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.
A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals
D. a discovery of how animals express themselves
45. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals
B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals
C. Science Reports on Food Animals
D. A Revolution in Food Animals
【答案】42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们原来当作食物的动物实际上也有情感有思想，它们有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故B选项正确。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板，只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。结合选项，D选项正确。
【44题详解】
段落大意题。由第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals...Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies…helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故C选项正确。
【45题详解】
标题归纳题。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化）。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故A选项适合做该文标题。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sleep and Teens--Biology and Behavior
How much sleep do teens need? And how much sleep are they realistically getting? Based on current data, most teens need about 9-plus hours to have the best or most suitable sleep night. ___46___
Many factors combine to decrease sleep in adolescents. We can think in general of two major factors: biological, the brain processes that regulate the amount and timing of sleep, and behavior, all the psychological, parental, societal, cultural features of teen’s life.
___47___These changes lay the ground work for the biological night to occur later during the teen years than before. Circadian Rhythms (daily biological clock) seems to slow down as young
people progress through the middle school years. At the same time, the sleep pressure system appears to change in a way that makes it easier to stay awake longer, though without changing the amount of sleep that is needed.
Moreover, many teens have a "technological playground" in their bedrooms: television, computer with 24/7 Internet access, telephones, electronic game stations, MP3 players, and so forth. These technologies provide instant and constant contact with peers. Societal and media pressure to consume these technologies is now higher than ever. Yet society also requires that teens go to school at a time of day that is at odds with their biological and social lives. So we see teens turn to caffeine, late-night Internet and cramming in activity after activity as a means to keep awake. _____48_____.
Problems emerge for lack of sleep. ____49____For some, grades begin to suffer as they struggle to keep awake during class and while doing homework. And others may simply feel moody, never knowing how to feel or do their best. Worse still, many teens suffer from both physical and mental illness.
____50____The earlier teens can start this good sleep habit, the easier it will be for them to stay healthy, happy and smart.
A. Sleep experts recommend teens keep consistent sleep and wake schedule
B. Teens may schedule sleep like any other daily activity and make sleep a priority
C Then they are trapped into a terrible situation where they would never get enough sleep
D. The sleep-wake bio-regulatory factors appear to change significantly during adolescence
E. Some teenagers struggle to wake up in the morning often resulting in late or missed school
F. Teens may be driven to things that can wake them up because they'll fall asleep if they do not
G. However, it is indicated that most teens fall short of this goal, many by a considerable amount.
【答案】46. G 47. D
48. C 49. E
50. A
【解析】
这是一篇介绍说明类文章。目前青少年睡眠减少，达不到标准睡眠时间。文章分析了导致这种现象出现的原因，介绍了睡眠不足导致的问题，并提出了解决办法。
【46题详解】
上一句提到：
根据现在的研究数据，大部分青少年晚上需要九个多小时的睡眠。第二段第一句提到：很多因素导致青少年睡眠时间减少。故该空应当提到青少年睡眠不够这个现象。G选项“但是，大部分青少年达不到这个目标。”承上启下。故选G。
【47题详解】
上一段介绍了导致青少年睡眠减少的两大因素。该空下一句提到：这些变化使得青少年在晚上睡得比以前晚了。由these changes可知，该空应当提到“改变”这个话题，结合选项，D选项“这些睡觉-觉醒的生物调节因素似乎在青春期发生了巨大变化。”承上启下。故选D。
【48题详解】
上文提到：很多青少年可以频繁的接触到电视、计算机等电器。这些电器使他们可以和同龄人保持持续不断的联系。社会和媒体对消费这些电器的压力现在比以往任何时候都要大。但是，社会还要求青少年在一天中与他们的生理和社会生活不一致的时候上学。这样，青少年每天晚上就通过喝咖啡，上网等活动以使自己保持清醒。承接上文，C选项“然后，他们就陷入一种糟糕的境地中：他们永远也得不到足够的睡眠。”是上文内容的结果。故选C。
【49题详解】
上一句提到：因为缺乏睡眠，一些问题就出现了。那么，该空应当提到出现的问题，结合选项，只有E选项“一些青少年会出现早晨醒的晚而迟到甚至缺课的情况。”符合上下文逻辑，故选E。
【50题详解】
下一句提到：青少年开始这种好的睡眠习惯越早，对他们而言，保持健康，快乐和聪明就越容易。由该句中的“this good sleep habit”可知，该空应当提到一种好的睡眠习惯，结合选项，A选项“睡眠专家建议青少年应该遵守一贯的睡眠时间表”，即：他们的作息应当有规律。”，是下句的原因。故选A。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.你班英语课上以“I Have A Dream”为题进行“说”的练习，请你写一份讲稿，内容包括：
1．你的梦想是什么；
2．你为何有此梦想；
3．你如何实现梦想。
注意：
1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hello, everybody! __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Thank you.
【答案】Hello, everybody! I’m very glad to share my dream with you.
I have a dream that one day I could be a pianist. I dream of playing a sweet tune for those who need music, bringing happiness to sorrowful souls and enthusiasm to weary spirits.
I love music, and I love the feeling of playing music in front of the audience. Of all the instruments, the delicate yet powerful sound a piano makes impresses me most.
It’s clear that I have a long way to go before I realize my dream. Therefore, I will practice every day as long as time permits and learn as many songs as I can. I will put my heart into my pursuit of music and never give up.
I am confident that one day my dream will come true. Thank you.
【解析】
这是一篇提纲类作文。文章应分三个层次写：第一：表明自己的梦想；第二：阐述该梦想的原因；第三：写出实现该梦想的措施。文章内容比较贴近学生生活，属于比较简单的一篇文章。本文应以现在时态为主。应用第一人称。
【亮点说明】该文条理清楚，语言简洁，内容齐全，非常适合演讲稿的特点。长短句结合，适当运用了高级词汇和句式：1. 同位语从句：I have a dream that one day I could be a pianist. 2. 定语从句：I dream of playing a sweet tune for those who need music. 3. 主语从句：It’s clear that… 4. 高级词汇：pursuit，in front of the audience，as long as time permits
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇日记。记述上周末你和你的英国朋友Jim用微信支付购物的过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：二维码QR code; 糖葫芦candy-coated haws(tanghulu)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It seems that everything in China is new to my British friend, Jim.
Last weekend, when Jim and I were wandering on the streets, enjoying the beautiful scenery and fresh air of spring, a candy-coated haws stand caught his attention. Having never tasted a candy-coated haw, he immediately went up to buy one.
However, the vendor shook her head when seeing the 100-yuan note Jim handed over to her. She had no change! How disappointed Jim was! He was about to quit when I took out my cellphone, scanned the QR code on the stand and paid the vendor 5 yuan.
Jim was surprised at what I had done. Then I explained to him that nowadays in China QR codes were everywhere, and we could pay with a cellphone for almost everything. “Wow!” Jim said, “The candy-coated haw tastes great, and the payment method seems even greater!”
【解析】
这是一篇看图作文。要求考生根据四幅图的内容，写一篇日记。那么，首先，这篇文章应该以过去时态为主。其次，考生应该详细观察每幅图，把握每副图的内容：1. Jim想买糖葫芦。2. Jim用现金支付，遇到困难。3. 李华用微信帮Jim付钱。4. 李华给Jim介绍微信支付，Jim的感受。
【亮点说明】所给范文正确的描述了图画内容，条理清楚，叙事明确。适当运用了较高级的词汇或句型。例如：1. 非谓语动词enjoying the beautiful scenery and fresh air of spring，Having never tasted a candy-coated haw 2. 感叹句How disappointed Jim was 3. 宾语从句what I had done，that nowadays in China QR codes were everywhere 4. 词汇，句式：catch one’s attention；be about to do when…
微信/支付宝扫码支付