2020 届南京市高三英语零模试卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20 分）
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题，每题 1 分，满分 15 分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将
该项涂黑。
1.---Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.
---Well, you______know---you married one.
A. might B. would C. shall D. should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。A. might 可能，也许；B. would 将会；C. shall 必须，会；
D. should 应该。句意：---有艺术修养的人有时很难相处。---你应当知道这一点，因为你结
婚那位就是搞艺术的。这里是按照常理推断，用 should。
2.Jim has been______with his boss since he drove away the company’s biggest customer.
A. out of favor B. out of order C. out of hand D. out of
place
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因为他把公司最大的顾客都驱赶走了，所以在老板
处失宠了。A.out of favor 失宠；B.out of order 发生故障；C.out of hand 失控。D.out of
place 不合适。根据句意选 A。
3.The land is known for a historic site with beautifully colored walls, ______are
painted the events of the past.
A. of which B. from where C. on which D. about
where
【答案】C
【解析】【详解】考查介词+which 引导的定语从句。句意：这片土地以拥有美丽的彩色墙壁历史遗址
而闻名，墙上画着过去发生的事情。这里是定语从句和倒装句结合在一起考，句子正常的语
序是 the events of the past are painted on the wall, 所以应该是 on which。
4.The award was established in 1902 as a special______for outstanding people in this
field.
A. statement B. distinction C. commitment D.
instruction
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。这个奖项是颁发给这个领域杰出的人。A. statement 声明；B.
distinction 荣誉，殊荣；C. commitment 承诺；D. instruction 指令，命令。对这帮人来说，
能够得到这个奖项是一种莫大的殊荣。根据句意选 B。
5.They exchanged their contact forms with each other, likely______they would get in
touch.
A. meant B. meaning C. being meant D. having
meant
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们交换了彼此的联系方式，这个很有可能是为了让他们
日后方便联系。mean sth / that 表示旨在做某事，目的在于做某事。表示主动，应用现在分
词。相当于 which means，故选 B。
6.These competitors are expected to push their own boundaries and______world levels.
A. watch out for B. look up to C. set sights on D. make up
for
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些选手的目标应该突破自己的界限，放眼世界级水平。 A.watch out for 当心；B.look up to 尊敬；C.set sights on 着眼于；D.make up for
弥补。“目光锁定在”用 set sight on，根据句意选 C。
7.No agreement______, the representatives wanted another round of talk.
A. reaching B. reached C. to reach D. to be
reached
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格用法。句意：代表们没有达成协议，要求再进行一轮会谈。agreement
与 reach 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该采用非谓语的 done 形式表示被动关系，故选 B。
【点睛】独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”构成，其中的“名词或
代词”用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用，其后的“形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”起逻辑
谓语的作用。注意，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。过去分词“独立结构”
表示已发生的动作，主语与过去分词之间为被动关系。如：
The job finished，we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The question settled，they went back to their respective posts.这问题解决后，他们
就回到各自的岗位上去了。
All things considered，I think we ought to give the job to George.各方面考虑起来，
我想我们应当把工作交给乔治。
8.He reminded us to speed up, as the time______for the project.
A. ran out B. has run out C. had run out D. was
running out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他提醒我们加快速度，因为项目的时间快到了。过去进行时可以
表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作，那会儿时间将快到了，故用过去进行时，故选 D。
【点睛】过去进行时由“主语+was/were+doing”构成：
1、主要表示过去在某一时间正在进行的动作。如：We were having lunch when the phone
rang.2、表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可以表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情
色彩，通常与 always, forever, continually 等副词连用。如：They were always late for
school on Friday.
3、过去进行时常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day,
yesterday, when, while, at that time, just now, a moment ago 等。
4、过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
a.瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
例：Then she said she was leaving.
然后她说她要离开了。
b.持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将
来。
例：She said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
9.---Will you go to the picnic tomorrow?
---Not______my dear dog is allowed to accompany me.
A. if B. until C. unless D. when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句。---你明天去野餐吗?---如果我的狗不允许陪伴着我的话。原句
应该表达为 I will not go to the picnic tomorrow if my dog cannot accompany me.此处
If not 相当于 unless“除非”, 只不过这里主句简化成了 not，故选 C。
【点睛】连词 if 和 unless 的用法
由引导词 if 或 unless 引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。条件状语从句用来说明主句动作发
生的条件，即某一件事情（从句中的动作）实现之后，其他事情（主句中的动作）方能发生。
if 是“如果，假如”的意思。
1、 if 引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句
之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。例如：You will catch the bus if you get up early.
=If you get up early，you will catch the bus.
如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。2、时态
（1）若主句是一般将来时，if 引导的从句用一般现在时
If it rains tomorrow，I'll stay at home.如果明天下雨，我将呆在家里
（2）如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词 can，may，must 等时，从句也用一般现在时。
例如：You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。
If you want to go skating，wear warm clothes.如果你想去滑冰，穿上暖和的衣服。
3、主句不能用 be going to 表示将来，只能用 wil1.
unless 也可引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果不；除非”，相当于 not
We'll go for a picnic if it doesn't rain this Sunday
=We'll go for a picnic unless it rains this Sunday.
10.Anderson made the announcement at the conference______the company would be
closing.
A. that B. when C. where D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句关系词。句意：安德森在会上宣布公司将关闭。这里应该是个同位
语从句，用 that 后面加句子来解释说明 announcement 的内容，且 that 在句中不做成分，故
选 A。
11.--- With fewer dinners, whether we can stay in business is_________.
--- Couldn’t agree more.
A. in the red B. over the moon C. a wet blanket D.
anyone’s guess
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：——晚饭少了，我们能否继续经营下去，谁也说不准。
——非常同意。“谁都说不准”有 it’s at anyone’s guess. There is no telling of
sth.这 2 个表达。A.in the red 赤字；B.over the moon 欣喜若狂；C.a wet blanket 令人扫
兴的事；D.anyone’s guess 谁也说不准。根据句意选择 D。12.While applying for a job, you should highlight the parts of your experience that
are____ to the job.
A. specific B. superior C. remote D.
convenient
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在申请工作时，你应该突出你的经验中与你即将申请
的这个工作相关的部分。A. specific 具体的；B. superior 出众的；C. remote 偏僻的；D.
convenient 方便的。也就是申请信上应该只是局限于你之前的工作与这份工作相关的工作经
验，不可泛泛而谈。短语 be specific to sth.相当于 be limited to sth.故选 A。
13.To protect the rare birds better, scientists have been_____ the changes in their
number in the past decade.
A. securing B. charting C. displaying D.
undergoing
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了更好地保护这种稀有鸟类，科学家们一直在记录它
们在过去十年数量的变化。A. securing 保护；B. charting 详细记录；C. displaying 显示；
D. undergoing 经历。根据句意选择 B。
14.In my younger years, my father gave me some advice that I _____ in my mind ever
since.
A. turned over B. was turning over
C. had turned over D. have been turning over
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在我年轻的时候，我的父亲给了我一些建议，从那时起，这些建
议一直在我的脑海里翻来覆去。turn over 表示仔细回想，反复斟酌，考虑。因为句中 ever since“自从…” 这里谓语动词 turn over 在将来会继续下去，故用现在完成进行时 have
been doing。
【点睛】现在完成进行时的用法：其构成为：主语+have/has+been+动词的现在分词+其他成
分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
1、现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也
可能已停止。如：
It has been raining since last Sunday 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
He's been watching television all day.他看了一天电视了。
2、现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如：
She is very tired. She's been typing letters all da 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying 她眼睛红了，她一直在哭。
15.---She is a wonderful dancer.
--- __________ . She is one of my best students!
A. You got me there B. You are kidding me
C. You are telling me D. You have my word
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：---她是一位出色的舞蹈家。---这还用你说。她是我最好的
学生之一！A.You got me there 你问倒我了；B.You are kidding me 你在和我开玩笑。C.You
are telling me 表示这还用你说；我早知道了；D.You have my word 我向你保证。根据句意
选择 C。
第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答
题卡上将该项涂黑。
I thought I would never have a child－then a miracle happened.
When I was only 29, doctors said I had too many___16___challenges to have a child.
Meanwhile, my best friend Colleen was pregnant and she asked me to buy a changing
table with her. Focusing on Colleen’s good fortune helped distract (使分心) me from my___17___. In the shop, a babysuit with a crab (螃蟹) caught my eyes. The crab ___18___
childhood memories of my pretending to be Ariel from the Little Mermaid. If things
were ___19___, that crab would have made me laugh. Instead I said,“If I___20___had
a son, I’d want him to have that.” “Sarah, you have to get it,” She said.
I shook my head no. I didn’t want a(n) ___21___of what I couldn’t have. My husband,
John, and I had talked about ___22___. But I worried we would get___23___.
The next Sunday, we went to ___24___ There, I noticed a tiny baby in the arms
of a woman. On his backside was the same ___25___ I had seen. My breath caught.
I___26___ to John and whispered, “That’s the babysuit I was telling you
about.”He cocked his eyebrows. Throughout the service, I was totally ___27___ by
the baby. I ___28___ to hold him. In the end, the priest ( 牧 师 ) made an
announcement. “The baby needs a ___29___. If anyone is thinking about adoption,
please see us afterwards.”
We ___30___ our phone numbers.
That evening, the young mother, carrying the baby, came to our home. Before we
sat down, I held her baby. He fit ___31___ in my arms.
Twelve families had volunteered to adopt him. If she picked us, all she asked
was that we let her be ___32___ in his life in some way. We agreed wholeheartedly.
I never mentioned the crab babysuit. I wanted her to make her decision without
being influenced by that ___33___ .
The next morning my phone rang. “We picked you”was all I heard.
Now our six-year-old son continues to be the best ___34___ thing that will ever
happen to me. And that crab babysuit remains ___35___ folded in one of my dresser
drawers, where I plan to hold on to it－forever.
16. A. technical B. medical C. academic D. economic
17. A. fear B. sadness C. satisfaction D.
amusement
18. A. led to B. called up C. brought out D. added to
19. A. clear B. common C. serious D.
different20. A. ever B. still C. even D. then
21. A. image B. souvenir C. reminder D. example
22. A. application B. adjustment C. arrangement D. adoption
23. A. permitted B. rejected C. inspired D.
restricted
24. A. work B. school C. church D. hospital
25. A. toy B. crab C. table D. picture
26. A. waved B. bent C. turned D. ran
27. A. moved B. influenced C. attracted D. confused
28. A. longed B. managed C. hesitated D. offered
29. A. home B. room C. friend D. brother
30. A. got B. left C. picked D. dialed
31. A. easily B. perfectly C. tightly D. slightly
32. A. attended B. directed C. involved D.
interested
33. A. service B. request C. consequence D.
coincidence
34. A. unexpected B. qualified C. designed D.
unnoticed
35. A. partly B. casually C. neatly D. loosely
【答案】16. B 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. D 23. B
24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33.
D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者 29 岁时被医生告知不能生孩子，但奇迹发生了，作者
在教堂的一次偶然邂逅，收养了一个小孩并拥有了他直到现在六岁了的故事。
【16 题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。当我只有 29 岁的时候，医生说我有太多的医疗挑战而不能生孩子（准
确地来说应该是生理方面的挑战）。A. technical 科技的；B. medical 医疗的；C. academic
学术的；D. economic 经济的。Medical 意为医疗的，与医生相对应，符合常理，故选 B。【17 题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。关注于科琳的好运气帮助我从悲伤中分散注意力。A. fear 害怕；B.
sadness 悲伤；C. satisfaction 满意；D. amusement 娱乐。我被告知无法生孩子，心情失落，
而朋友的喜事转移了我的注意力。根据句意选 B。
【18 题详解】
考察动词短语词义辨析。螃蟹勾起了我儿时的回忆，我在《小美人鱼》中扮演爱丽儿。A.lead
to 导致；B.call up 唤起回忆；C.bring out 出版；生产；使出现；D.add to 添加。根据句意
选 B。
【19 题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。如果事情不是这样（是别的情况或者不同的情况），那只螃蟹会让我发
笑。若我没发生不能生育这件事情，我会很开心。A. clear 清晰的；B. common 共同的；C.
serious 严重的；D. different 不同的。故选 D。
【20 题详解】
考察副词辨析。相反，我说:“如果我有个儿子，我希望他也有这个。” A. ever 曾经；B. still
仍然；C. even 甚至；D. then 当时。ever 与 if 连用时，表示在任何时候；从来。故选 A。
【21 题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我不希望有东西在提醒我自己不能拥有什么东西。A. image 图片；B.
souvenir 纪念品；C. reminder 提醒的事物；D. example 例子。这里 reminder 意为提醒物，
代指文中 baby suit。根据句意选 C。
【22 题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我的丈夫,约翰,跟我谈论过收养。但我担心我们会被拒绝。A.application
申请；B.adjustment 调整；C.arrangement 安排；D.adoption 采用；收养。根据上文说我不
能生孩子可知，我们在考虑收养孩子。故选 D。
【23 题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我的丈夫,约翰,跟我谈论过收养。但我担心我们会被拒绝。A.permit 许
可；B.reject 拒绝；C.inspire 激励；D.restrict 限制。根据句首的 but 可知转折，故选 B。
【24 题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。下周日，我们去了教堂。根据后面 the priest (牧师)made an announcement
可知我们去的是教堂。故选 C。
【25 题详解】考察名词词义辨析。在那里，我注意到一个小婴儿在一个女人的怀里。他的衣服背上是我曾
经见过的螃蟹图案。根据下文 That's the babysuit I was telling you about.可知婴儿穿的跟
我上次见过的一样，就是 a babysuit with a crab。因此是 the same crab。故选 B。
【26 题详解】
考察固定搭配。我转向约翰小声说：“那就是我告诉过你的连体服。” A. waved 挥手；B. bent
弯腰；C. turned 转，翻；D. ran 跑。turn to 意为转向，符合句意，故选 C。
【27 题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。在整个礼拜过程中，我完全被孩子吸引住了。A. moved 感动；B. influenced
影响；C. attracted 吸引；D. confused 使困惑。我因为孩子穿着那件熟悉的衣服而被吸引住
了，以致于我后面想要领养他。根据句意选 C。
【28 题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我渴望拥有他。A.long to do 渴望；B.manage 管理；C.hesitate 犹豫；
D.offer 提供。我被孩子吸引住了，想要领养他。根据句意选 A。
【29 题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。孩子需要一个家。如果有人想领养，请稍后见我们。后句说领养一事可
知孩子需要家庭，故选 A。
【30 题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我们留下电话号码了。那天晚上，年轻的母亲抱着孩子来到我们家。A. got
得到；B. left 留下；C. picked 捡，拿；D. dialed 拨电话。根据前面我渴望拥有这个孩子可
知，我们有意想领养他，留下了电话号码，故选 B。
【31 题详解】
考察副词词义辨析。在我们坐下来之前，我抱着她的孩子。他完美适合于我的怀抱。A. easily
简单地；B. perfectly 完全，完美地；C. tightly 紧紧地；D. slightly 轻微地。根据句意选
B。
【32 题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。如果她选择了我们，她所要求的只是我们让她以某种方式参与他的生活。
我们全心全意地同意。孩子的母亲想要以另一种方式参与孩子的生活，A. attended 参加，照
顾；B. directed 直接；C. involved 参与进来；D. interested 感兴趣。故选 C。
【33 题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我从来没提到过蟹宝宝装。我想让她在不受巧合影响的情况下做出决定。A. service 服务；B. request 请求；C. consequence 结果；D. coincidence 巧合。这里巧合
指孩子穿的衣服就是我之前见过并喜欢的螃蟹款式。故选 D。
【34 题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。现在我们六岁的儿子仍然是我一生中最意想不到的事情。A. unexpected
意想不到的；B. qualified 有质量的；C. designed 设计的；D. unnoticed 没注意到的。我本
以为自己这一生都不会有孩子，但一次偶然邂逅，我拥有了现在六岁的他。这是我从未想到
的。选 A。
【35 题详解】
考察副词词义辨析。那件螃蟹婴儿装还整整齐齐地叠在我的梳妆台抽屉里，我打算永远留着
它。A. partly 部分地；B. casually 随便地；C. neatly 整齐地；D. loosely 宽松地。我对
那件衣服很重视。根据句意选 C。
第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，请在答
题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT CAR RENTAL IN CANADA
When you fly into Canada you don’t have many choices. A car is often the only
way to reach the spectacular destinations which Canada is famous for. Most major car
rental companies have offices at airports, towns and cities across the country.
What do you need in order to rent a car in Canada?
● Valid Driver’s license and International Driver’s Permit if your license
is not in English or French.
● When picking up your car, you may have to show your passport and a return airline
ticket.
● Credit Card for the deposit—Renting a car in Canada without a credit card
is impossible.
Fly-Drive Packages from Home
You may get the best deal on car rental if you book a fly-drive package from home
or if you book a long time in advance. Rental coast varies to a great extent, depending on the time of year, type of vehicle and length of rental.
Minimum Age
The driver has to be at least 21 years old and have a minimum of 12 months of
driving experience in order to rent a car in Canada. A “Young Renter Fee” will be
applied to your car rental, if you are between the ages of 21 and 24 and will be charged
on top of the rental rate.
Insurance
Most car rental companies in Canada offer a collision damage waiver (CDW) for
an additional charge. Some credit card companies include CDW insurance on car rentals
when you use their cards to pay for the rental. Check your credit card’s terms and
conditions.
Fuel and Service Stations
Most rental cars use unleaded gas. Remember, driving distances in Canada are long
and a large amount of your vacation budget will go towards gasoline. Filling up in
larger cities is usually cheaper than in small towns. If you are heading up to the
Northwest Territories, gas prices will be much higher than in the south.
Cross-Border Travel
Some rental companies don’t allow their cars to drive across borders, like from
Canada to the US or across provinces. If this is the case, watch out; GPS may be used
to track your route.
36. You’ll have to pay extra fees for your car rental in Canada if you________.
A. book a fly-drive package from home
B. are 22 with one-year driving experience
C. use a credit card offering CDW insurance
D. have no passport or return airline ticket
37. What are you encouraged to do when you rent a car in Canada?
A. Use GPS to find your way. B. Provide a license in English.
C. Fill up the car in large cities. D. Drive across borders to America.
【答案】36. B 37. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要是告知人们在加拿大如何租车以及注意事项。
【36 题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文可知 A、C 是可以省钱的，D 则直接会导致无法租车，均排除。在原文
Minimum Age 下 面 的 第 二 句 话 A “Young Renter Fee" will be applied to your car
rental, if you are between the ages of 21 and 24 and will be charged on top of the
rentalrate.可知，如果年龄在 21-24 岁间会额外收费，而要想租车的基本条件就是驾驶时间
为 12 个月及以上，因此选 B。
【37 题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文 GPS 会记录你的行踪因此不要开出边界，排除 A、D；要提供有效的驾
驶证，如果驾照是非英语或法语的，要国际驾驶许可证，而不是让你只能提供英语驾驶证，
排除 B。在原文倒数第四行 Filling up in larger cities is usually cheaper than in small
towns 可知，在大城市加油会比小城镇便宜，因此建议在大城市加油。故选 C。
B
By the time you read these words, winter should have gone within the Northern
Hemisphere (半球). But at its worst, this winter was unusually cold. Here in New York
City on January 31, the low temperature dropped to -17℃. In Chicago, it was also
-17℃—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29℃. And the wind chill within the
Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃, relying on which climate station was crying out in
pain. As comic Lewis Black said, “That is not weather. That’s an emergency
condition.”
When the forecast warned us a few days earlier that Arctic air was looming (阴
森地逼近), President Trump issued a sincere and helpful tweet, which ended with:
“What the hell is going on with Global Waming [sic]? Please come back fast, we need
you!” And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request.
On February 4 the Chicago temperature reached 11℃. And the following day the Big
Apple was in a sunny 19℃.
The Arctic is warming at twice the speed as the global average. This heat might
help disrupt (打破) the polar vortex, a gradual wind pattern that usually stays focused
on circling the North Pole. A shaky jet stream (高速气流) then runs right into a brick wall of that Arctic air, which continues to be fairly cold by human standards, and
both wind up lots of miles farther south than they usually belong. And for a few days
we in the Deep South—by which I mean Chicago or New York compared with the
Arctic—freeze our butts off. But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air
coming up from the real South, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when
the temperature in Chicago reached 11℃ on February 4.
Like so much else we are currently living through, this experience is not normal.
Or it didn’t used to be, anyway.
After all, scientists have been waming—sorry, warning—that warming can have
these very results. Climate change deniers may sneer (冷笑), “So when it’s warmer
than usual, that’s because of global warming. And when it’s colder, that’s also
because of global warming?” Well, yes. And anybody who just can’t accept these kinds
of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression “freezer
burn.”
38. By mentioning Lewis Black’s words in Paragraph 1, the author intends to .
A. indicate how unusual the winter’s weather was
B. suggest the north isn’t a suitable place to live
C. remind people never to forget the past winter
D. urge people to take action against the emergency
39. What led to the sudden increase in the Chicago temperature on February 4?
A. The cold Arctic air. B. Trump’s sincere tweet.
C. Warm air from the real South. D. Disruption of polar vortex.
40. Why does the author use the expression “freezer burn”?
A. To show readers his concerns about the extreme weather.
B. To prove global warming to be the cause of the extreme weather.
C. To cast doubt about scientists’ study on the paradoxical conditions.
D. To express his disapproval of the result of the paradoxical conditions.
【答案】38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了在北半球这个时候像纽约、芝加哥等城市冬天不仅没走，反而出现了极不寻常的寒冷天气。文中分析了其原因。
【38 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段 LewisBlack 的话的意思是：那不是天气。这是紧急情况。然后根据
上 文 的 描 述 “the low temperature dropped to -17°C. In Chicago, it was also
-17°C—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29°C.And the wind chill within
the Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃”可知天气情况极其恶劣。因此这句话是突出了天气的
极其异常。因此答案选择 A。
【39 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming
up from real south, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature
in Chicago”因此真正的原因是南方传来的暖气。所以答案选择 C。文中“And being the most
powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request.”只是玩笑，不能作
为真正的答案。
【40 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段原文，文中这个词出现在“Well, yes. And anybody who just can't
accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the
expression “freezer burn.”因此这个词的目的是反击那些“Climate change deniers”所
以作者是支持 global warming 的，是为了证明证明全球变暖是极端天气的原因。因此答案选
择 B。
C
Ronald Reagan ever said, “It’s true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure,
why take the chance?” To some extent, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies
suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.
But that doesn’t stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained
to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently praised
the “996” model, where employees work from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., 6 days a week, as a
“huge blessing”. Apparently, presenteeism (出勤主义) is the curse of the modern
office worker.
There will be days when you do not have much to do: perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to
a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your
desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you.
So you make an effort to look busy.
Some of this may be a self-continuing cycle. If bosses do not like to go home
before their employees, and employees fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is
trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they
are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours.
Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the
office as a measure. The consequence is often wasted effort. We pretend to work and
managers pretend to believe us. Rather than work hard, you try to make bosses think
that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with
a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks.
After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual
work.
But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most common in Japan,
where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort. In doing so, they
are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours. As well as reducing
productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a
study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, these costs can be
six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. Those
workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression.
In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon. In the
industrial era, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were
required to clock in and out. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is
portable. Turning an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings,
does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as
routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being
present in the flesh.
41. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A. Employees often have to work extra hours.
B. Extra effort improves employees’ productivity.
C. “996” model is well received around the world.
D. Both bosses and employees are devoted to their jobs.
42. What does the underlined “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Hoping to get a pay rise. B. Going home after the boss.
C. Putting in maximum effort. D. Judging employees’ performance.
43. Which of the following is one the results of long-time presenteeism?
A. Reducing medical costs of employees.
B. Making employees more hard-working.
C. Increasing the competition among employees.
D. Worsening employees’ physical and mental condition.
44. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Employees should be treated as prisoners.
B. Productivity can’t be measured by presenteeism now.
C. Office tasks usually can’t be carried out automatically.
D. Office workers should be allowed to be absent-minded.
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作者主要针对员工加班问题提出看法：长时间的加班不仅工作效率低下，
还造成身体不适，想要提高效率，必须是身心俱在的状态，不能只是形式上的出勤主义。
【41 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章 2、3 段，第二段讲的是马云赞成 996 工作制，第三段讲的是你努力让
自己看上去很忙。“As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying
at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can
see you. So you make an effort to look busy.” 这说明员工往往要加班。因此答案选择
A。
【42 题详解】
词义猜测题。对 this 所在段落进行三句读。“Staff may feel that they will not get a pay
rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting inmaximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’
performance, use time in the office as a measure.”（员工可能会觉得，如果他们没有尽
最大努力工作，就不会得到加薪或升职。这很容易与长时间工作混淆。经理们通常不善于判
断员工的表现，他们把在办公室的时间作为衡量标准。）因此 this 指的是“putting in maximum
effort”。故选 C。
【43 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段我们可知后果是：人们即使在不舒服的时候也会去上班，会降
低生产率，还会增加雇主的医疗费用。这些工人更容易遭受更大的痛苦和抑郁。所以答案选
择 D。
44 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段原文可知 In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a
recent phenomenon.而这种现象是低效的。To be productive you need presence of mind being
present in the flesh.如果希望高效，那就需要身心俱在，而不是单纯的 presenteeism。故
选 B。
D
If spending is a measure of what matters, then the people of the developing world
place a high value on brains. While private spending on education has not changed
much in the rich world in the past ten years, in China and India it has more than
doubled. Since brainpower is the primary generator of progress, this burst of
enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world. But
not everybody is delighted. Because private education increases inequality, some
governments are trying to stop its advance. That’s wrong: they should welcome it,
and spread its benefits more widely.
① Education used to be provided by religious institutions or entrepreneurs. But
when governments, starting in Prussia in the 18th century, got into the business of
nation-building, they realized they could use education to shape young minds. As state
systems grew, private schooling was left to the elite and the pious(虔诚的). Now it
is enjoying popularity again, for several reasons. Incomes are rising, especially
among the better off, at the same time as birth rates are falling. In China the former
【one-child policy means that six people---two parents and four grandparents---can pour
money into educating a single child.
② All over the developing world, people want more or better education than
governments provide. Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private
education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly
half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state
education is shrinking. Even where the state does pretty well, as in East Asia, richer
people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus,
Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured
by its performance in the OECD’s PISA test, also has the fastest-growing private
education.
③ In most ways, this is an excellent thing, because the world is getting more
and better schooling.
In rich countries, once the background and ability of the children who attend
private schools are taken into account, their exams results are about the same as
those in the state education. But in developing countries private schools are
better---and much more efficient. A study of eight Indian states found that, in terms
of learning outcomes per rupee, private schools were between 1.5 times and 29 times
more cost-effective than state schools.
④ They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools
that will enhance their already superior life chances. That is one reason why many
governments are troubled by their rise.
Governments are right to worry about private education’s contribution to
inequality, but they are wrong to discourage its growth. Governments should instead
focus on improving the public education by mimicking(模仿) the private education’s
virtues. Freedom from independent management is at the root of its superior
performance and greater efficiency. Governments should therefore do their best to
give school principals more freedom to innovate and to fire underperforming teachers.
To spread the benefit of private schools more widely, governments should work
with them, paying for education through vouchers(代金券) which children can spend in private schools. And vouchers should be limited to students in non-selective
schools that do not charge top-up fees; otherwise governments will find themselves
helping the better off and increasing inequality.
The world faces plenty of problems. Governments should stop behaving as though
private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding
solutions.
45. What do we know about private education?
A. More developed countries enjoy it.
B. It attracts more and more investment.
C. Public education will replace it in the future.
D. It has helped governments to remove inequality
46. What does the underlined phrase“taking up the slack” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean?
A. Filling the gap. B. Setting the place.
C. Breaking the balance. D. Avoiding the risk.
47. Why has private education been developing rapidly in Vietnam?
A. The population in Vietnam is shrinking dramatically.
B. Its state education is worse than other developing countries.
C. Some people want better education for their children than others.
D. The government intends private education to shape young minds.
48. The sentence “But private schools also increase inequality.” can be put in .
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
49. What does the author advise governments to do?
A. Train school principals. B. Sell vouchers to children.
C. learn from private education. D. Fire underperforming teachers.
50. What’s the author’s opinion about private education?
A. Private education should be based on state education.
B. Private education should be targeted at well-off families.
C. Governments should prevent the spread of private education.
D. Governments should celebrate the popularity of private education.【答案】45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. D
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。私人教育在发达国家不重视但是发展中国家大受欢迎，有些人对私人教
育的发展不高兴，他们认为私人教育加剧了不公平性，有些政府甚至阻止其发展，针对这个
现象，作者提出了看法：这种做法是错误的。人们应该欢迎私人教育，并广泛地传播它的好
处。
【45 题详解】
细节理解题。文中原文“this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education
is excellent news for the world.”因此答案选择 B。私人教育吸引了越来越多的投资。但
是私立教育加剧了不平等，因此 D 选项错误。私人教育与公立教育并存，所以答案 C 错误。
更多的发展中国家出现了正在受益，所以 A 也错误。故选 B。
【46 题详解】
词义猜测题。对划线单词进行三句读，“Where cities are growing at unmanageable
speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education
now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both
countries the state education is shrinking.”印度，私人教育现在教育了将近一半的儿
童，在巴基斯坦超过三分之一。公立教育萎缩，私立教育填补空白。因此答案选择 A。
【47 题详解】
细节理解题。通过定位词 Vietnam 找到文中 richer people still want better schooling for
their children than the masses get. Thus Vietnam, which has an outstanding
state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD's
PISA test also has the fastest-growing private education.因此原因是富裕的人们想让
孩子们获得更好的教育，故答案选择 C。
【48 题详解】
推理判断题。句子是：但是私人学校也会导致不平等。所以加入的段落应该更多会讨论私人
学校引发的不平等。所以我们找到只有第四处符合要求。They tend to sort children by
income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already
superior life chances.因此选择 D。
【49 题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中，建议写在了最后三段 Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking ( 模仿）the private education's virtues.
作者认为政府应该让公立学校模仿私立学校 好处，故选择 C 选项。
【50 题详解】
推理判断题。最后一段作者说了 Governments should stop behaving as though private
education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.
因此作者的观点是，政府应该支持私立学校的发展以找到解决问题的办法。所以答案选择 D。
第四部分：任务型阅读 （共 10 小题，每小题 l 分，满分 10 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中 空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注
意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
If you said you were suffering from “burnout” in the early 1970s, you might
have raised some eyebrows.
At the time, the term was informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug
users experienced.
However, in 1974, a German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger found the
volunteers at his clinic were struggling, too: their work was tough, and many were
lacking in motivation. Freudenberger defined this condition as a state of extreme
tiredness caused by constant overwork－and borrowed the term “burnout” to describe
it.
Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the problem
will be recognized as a syndrome (综合征) “resulting from workplace stress that has
not been successfully managed.”
Feeling the burn so how can you tell if you’re almost burned out?
“A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to
depression,” says Siobhan Murray, a psychotherapist. She suggests looking out for
bad habits, such as increased alcohol consumption and relying on sugar to get you
through the day. Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away or not
having the energy to exercise or go for a walk. As soon as you begin to feel this
way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. “Depression and pre-burnout are very
similar. But it is still classified as an occupational phenomenon which is still best
的
的tackled by making lifestyle changes.”
And how do you know if you’re really on the edge of burnout? “Stress is really
important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,” says Murray. “It’s when
we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety that it starts to turn into burnout.”
You’re pre-burnout: What’s next?
“Sometimes they feel the need to be too perfect so they’re having to work very
hard to cover up that they’re not quite as good as everyone thinks.” Another
therapist Walker says.
However, sometimes the work environment is the problem. According to a 2018 study
of 7,500 US workers, burnout comes from unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable
workload and not knowing what a person’s role should involve. Workers were also
stressed out by a lack of support from their manager and punreasonable time pressure.
Whatever the cause of your burnout, Murray’s top tip is to be kind to yourself.
In Murray’s experience, a key driver of burnout is today’s culture of wanting
it all. Often it’s just not possible to have a healthy social life and complete a
big project at the same time. She says it’s vital to prioritize and not expect too
much of yourself; when others seem like the perfect boss, parent and friend all at
the same time, they’re probably misleading us.
If you feel that you might be close to joining the burnout club, take a step back,
figure out what’s going wrong－and let yourself off the hook.
Outline Details
____51____in the
explanation of
burnout
In the early 1970s, it referred to the side effects of drug
____52____.
Freudenberger used it to describe the state of those ____53____
volunteers under overworking conditions.
WHO will recognize it as a syndrome arising from the ____54____
to manage stress.Symptoms of
burnout
It shares some ____55____ with depression, such as tiredness and
____56____ of energy, due to people's continual exposure to stress
and anxiety.
Causes of burnout
People are unwilling to admit that they are ____57____
Companies can’t ____58____favorable working conditions.
Approaches to
____59____.
burnout
Be _____60_____to yourself: accept what you are; step away from
it.
【答案】51. Changes/Differences
52. abuse/addiction
53. tired/exhausted
54. failure
55. similarities
56. lack/overuse
57. imperfect
58. provide/offer /offord
59. avoiding
60. kind
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 “精力耗尽”这个词 定义和相应症状，造成这种症状的原因
以及提出避免的方法。
【51 题详解】
考察概括总结。由文章前三段以及所填空表格右边的内容可知，讲的是 burnout 在不同时期
的的不同解释，因此填 Changes 或 Differences。
【52 题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第一段即指出，在 70 年代 burnout 指的是重度吸毒者遭受的副作用，因
此 heavy drug users 这里转换为 drugabuse/addiction。
【53 题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第三段 a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork 可知，
是指人们因为不断超负荷工作而劳累，而本题所填空在 volunteers 前，应该是形容词，因此
讲 tiredness 转换为 tired/exhausted。
【54 题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第四段最后一行 stress that has not been successfully managed 可知，
是指没能处理好压力，而本题所填空应该是名词，固定搭配 fail to do 表示未能做成某事，
此处转换为名词 failure。
【55 题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第六段第一行 be very similar to depression 可知，burnout 和
depression 很相似，而所填空应该是名词，固定搭配 share similarities with …表示和…
很类似，因此填 similarities。
【56 题详解】
考察同义替换，原文第六段第三行需要酒精 get you through the day 和 not having the
energy 可知，觉得自己没有精力，或者是精力被过度消耗，所填空为名词，因此填 lack 或
overuse。
【57 题详解】
考察同义替换。原文倒数第五段可知，人们被要求很完美，因此努力去做到别人想的那样，
即人们不愿意承认自己的不完美，本空应填形容词，因此填 imperfect。
【58 题详解】
考察同义替换，原文倒数第四段 the work environment is the problem 和后面具体的 unfair
treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person's role should
involve 可知，公司没能提供有利的工作环境，所填空应该是动词，因此填 provide/offer
/afford。
【59 题详解】
考察概括总结。由文章最后两段内容可知，要接纳自己，不要给自己过多的压力过多的期待，是在介绍避免 burnout 的方法，且固定搭配 approach to doing,因此填 avoiding。
【60 题详解】
考察原词重现。原文倒数第三段 Murray 建议要 be kind to yourself，因此填 kind。
【点睛】本篇任务型主要考察较为简单的同意替换，除了 5 题和 7 题可能稍有难度，因为考
生可能不知道所考的固定搭配或不知道 perfect 的反义词是 imperfect，其余题目难度不大，
整体属于较为简单的任务型。
第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分）
61.请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英文写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
President Xi Jinping has called for garbage classification to be accelerated
nationwide to help save resources and protect the environment. All major cities are
expected to start garbage classification this year, and the system should be completed
and function well by the end of 2025.
Yet the reality seems remote from the vision. Take Beijing, an early bird in
garbage sorting, as an example. Even if the capital’s residents sort their garbage
at home and throw them into different trash cans as required, almost all household
garbage, including kitchen waste, is mixed up and transported away by the same rubbish
truck.
Now it is the time for the government to reform its garbage disposal( 处 理 )
policies to ensure the formation of a complete industrial chain on garbage collection
and recycling. For example, the household garbage disposal fee should be charged
according to the total weight of the garbage each home produces in one year.
If the policy is carried on, resources can be saved and the environment improved.
【写作内容】
1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要。
2. 用约 120 个词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1） 谈谈垃圾分类的意义（至少两点）；
（2） 请举例说明在实际生活中你能为垃圾分类做些什么。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词汇适当。
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In response to President Xi's call, all major cities will soon get involved
in garbage classification.
However, the bare fact is another story. Consequently, more practical and
effective measures are required.（31 words）
“Garbage classification is vital to our life and environment. For one thing,
garbage classification can help separate the recyclable waste from the rest. To reuse
and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which also
contributes to environmental protection. For another, sorting waste is a meaningful
deed. If everyone takes action, it can save the money and the time for a city to deal
with rubbish.
Take myself as an example. It is necessary for me to form the habit of sorting
out the garbage and encouraging people around me to follow the trend. To be more
specific, with waste paper packed together, I can sell it and earn some pocket money.
In a word, we should bear in mind that garbage classification will bring profound
rewards to our society.(136words)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇提纲式作文，半开放性作文。
.【详解】第 1 步：根据要求可知，用约 30 个单词写出上文概要，并用约 120 个词发表观点，
内容包括 2 个方面，特别注意不能直接引用原文。时态是一般现在时。
第 2 步：概要得抓住关键词：garbage classification 垃圾分类；all major cities 主要城
市；practical and effective measures 实际有效的措施等。准备写观点的关键词组：rubbish
垃圾；recyclable waste 可回收垃圾；reuse and recycle 再使用和再循环；environmental
protection 环境保护；take action 采取行动；pack 打包等。准备关键短语：In response to
回应…; get involved in 参与…；be vital to 对…很关键；to a large extent 很大程度
上；separate…from…从…分离…等
第 3 步：使用连接词过渡：However，For one thing ，For another，In a word 等
第 4 步：连词成句：Garbage classification is vital to our life and environment.
garbage classification can help separate the recyclable waste from the rest.
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which
also contributes to environmental protection 等。
第 5 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
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