2020新课标高考英语二轮专题限时集训13阅读七选五之说明文（Ⅰ）（Word版附解析）

专题限时集训(十三)　阅读七选五之说明文 (Ⅰ) A (2019·济南市模拟) About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. 1 There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language.Why is this? 2 One of them is that English has become the language of business.Another important reason is that popular American culture(like movies and music) has quickly spread throughout the world. 3 Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly？ 4 It's important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another.On the other hand， English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it.Do we really need that? Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn't too difficult and doesn't include any group's culture.It is called Esperanto. 5 Maybe the popularity of English won't last that long either.There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language.Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language. A．People like English. B．But it hasn't become popular. C．It has brought its language with it. D．There is no doubt about the question. E．This is why English was widely spoken. F．It has become the new international language. G．There are many reasons why English has become so popular. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了英语作为国际语言流行的原 因及对未来可能流行的语言的预测。 1．F　[根据第一段的前两句可知，大约一百年前很多有学问的人学习法语，并且在见到来自其他国家人时说法语，现在大部分人见到外国人时说英语。由此 可推知，英语已经成了新的国际性语言。故选 F 项。] 2．G　[承接上文 Why is this？并结合本段中的 One of them is 和 Another important reason is 可推知，此空表述英语流行有诸多原因，故选 G 项。] 3．C　[承接上文美国文化在全球的流行可知，它的语言也随之而来，故选 C 项。] 4．D　[承接上文的疑问句，并结合下文的肯定陈述 It's important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common 可知，此处是表示英语在全世界 的传播是一件好事，故选 D 项。] 5．B　[结合下文 Maybe the popularity of English won't last that long either 可知， B 项“但是它并没有流行起来”符合语境。] B (2019·湖北省八校联考) In the super fast paced world we live in，happiness may not come as easily as we wish.Here are some tips to make us live happily. Don't avoid or ignore negativity. 6 This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down，a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven't conquered quite yet.You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance，it's up to you to handle them. Take care of yourself and your needs. In order to live a powerful and meaningful life，you must love yourself.Take care of your actions and how you live each day，and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 7 Mend what's broken or get rid of it. Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging.If situations are beyond repair，it's time to let go.Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？ 8 Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past. 9 Giving our time，energy，love and sometimes money is what life is about. 10 My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever ，“ donde come uno，comen dos.(where one can eat，two can eat.)”It moves me every time I say it out loud.At the end of the day，no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it.Don't hesitate. A．Give back. B．Be positive. C．Fix them and find peace. D．Do more of what makes you happy. E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully. F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us. G．In order to conquer and overcome，it must be acknowledged. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。 6．G　[根据小标题 Don't avoid or ignore negativity.并结合该段内容可推知，必 须先承认消极性才能战胜克服它。故选 G 项。] 7．E　[根据该段中的 you must love yourself 以及 Take care of your actions and how you live each day 可推知，E 项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合 语境，故选 E 项。] 8．C　[根据小标题 Mend what's broken or get rid of it.以及空前一句可知，修 复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选 C 项。] 9．A　[根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要 是讲去付出。故选 A 项。] 10．F　[根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是 金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选 F 项。] C (2019·山西省八校联考) Behind every great product is a great team.Teamwork in the workplace offers the staff the opportunity to become more familiar with each other and learn how to work together. 11 ．There are several ways in which teamwork is important to the success of the company and to the development of each employee. Efficiency(效率) Work teams develop systems that allow them to complete tasks efficiently. 12 ， the team's work pace makes sure that the task is completed quickly and accurately.This allows the company to take on more work and also lets the company increase more income without having to add more staff.This becomes helpful when efficient teams from different departments work together. Support 13 ． And a strong team environment can act as a support system for staff members.Work group members can help each other improve performance and work together toward improving professional development.Team members come to rely on each other and trust each other. 14 ，these bonds can be important. Ideas Teams in the workplace often meet to discuss how to deal with company problems.When a team works well together ， it allows staff members to feel more comfortable in offering suggestions.Team members become accustomed to processing brainstorming information. 15 ． A．There are challenges each day in any workplace B．When the team faces a particularly hard challenge C．We all know teamwork helps companies earn more money D．When a task is handed to a well­trained and efficient team E．It is also the fuel that allows employees and companies to have success F．The company surely benefits from various suggestions given by efficient teams G．One of the main benefits of a strong team environment is to share ideas with each other 【语篇解读】　本文属于说明文，主要从三个方面介绍了团队合作的好处： 提高效率，相互支持，提出建议。 11．E　[前面提到团队合作对员工的作用，后面提到团队合作在哪些方面对 公司和员工起作用，故本空应该跟团队合作对公司和员工的作用有关，E 项“它也 有助于让员工和公司获得成功”符合语境。] 12．D　[本空后面半句谈到了“这个团队的工作节奏能够确保迅速无误地完 成该工作”，再结合本段小标题 Efficiency(效率)可知，本空应与高效率有关，故 D 项“当把一份工作交给一个训练有素且有效率的团队时”符合语境。] 13．A　[本段小标题是 Support，后面一句谈到一个强大的团队环境可以为员 工提供支持，因此 A 项“在任何一个工作场所，每天都会有挑战”能很好地与下文衔接。] 14．B　[本段的小标题是 Support，谈的是团队成员的相互支持。本空前面谈 到了团队成员相互帮助改善在公司的表现和共同努力改善专业发展，同时，团队 成员也会逐渐相互依靠和信任。所以 B 项“当这个团队遇到很困难的挑战时”与 后半句“这种相互关系(支持与信任)就会尤其重要”衔接。] 15．F　[本空前面谈到团队成员能更自如地提出建议，以及变得习惯于加工 头脑风暴信息，为公司出谋划策，故 F 项“公司一定能够从高效的团队提供的建 议中受益”符合上下文逻辑。同时，F 项中的 suggestions 与小标题 Ideas 和最后一 段中的 suggestions 有关联，也暗示了答案。] D (2019·石家庄市模拟) Three in five people in the UK hold a library card.For some，libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day­to­day life. 16 If you're considering joining your local library， now is the time to do so.And if you need any more encouragement，here are several reasons why you should. Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. 17 You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free，although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns. 18 Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card.There are lots of modern ones，as well as original ones，and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.It's a priceless experience，especially for kids，and also a great way to level the educational playing field. Libraries develop with times.They have changed greatly since decades ago. 19 Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases.There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool. Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. 20 A．Libraries help people learn. B．Libraries help educate the kids. C．They create a great sense of community.D．You can go in，settle down and read a book without being charged a penny. E ． Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs. F ． Libraries help us save money as we're borrowing books rather than buying them. G．For others，particularly the homeless and people in poverty，a lifeline to the world. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。 16．G　[根据空前一句可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的 庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故 G 项符 合语境。] 17．D　[根据空后一句可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期 还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书 的情况，故 D 项符合语境。且 D 项中的 You can 与空后一句中的 You can also 相 呼应。] 18．A　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体 理解，尤其是该段第三句可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇 量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故 A 项正确。] 19 ． E 　 [ 根 据 本 段 的 主 题 句 Libraries develop with times 和 空 后 的 Some libraries have apps 可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况， 故 E 项与此处匹配。] 20．C　[根据该段第一句可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结 合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故 C 项正确。] E (2019·惠州市调研考试) Gratitude is not only an art performed in daily life，but also part of our traditional virtue.Has your mother or friend told you that you're an ungrateful person？Do you feel unable to appreciate the world or people around you？Are you obsessed with things you don't have instead of being thankful for what you do have？ 21 ，then you will definitely need to work on being a more grateful person. Showing gratitude has been put forward in the last few decades. 22 ．But there are still some tips that help make it possible for you to practice gratitude. Refusing to play the victim is the first step you're supposed to take. 23 ．If you want to be grateful，stop complaining to the world，your teachers，your friends and your family about not putting themselves in your shoes， and focus on how much they've helped and cared about you. Volunteering in your community is another effective way to show how grateful you are for what the world has given you.Whether you're helping clean up a local park， working in a soup kitchen，or teaching children or adults in your community to learn to read，your perspective towards life will change positively. 24 ． 25 ． You shouldn't always be good only to your close friends or family members.You can help a neighbor look for a lost dog.You can also help an old lady carry her groceries.You don't have to search for these opportunities purposely.Sometimes they will present themselves.So when they come ， act with generosity.You'll be more grateful for your role played in the world. A．However hard you try to avoid these questions B．If you find yourself involved in one of these circumstances C．Gradually，you'll be more grateful for the chances to repay the society D．Doing a random act of kindness is also a great way of practicing gratitude E．While such encouragement is morally meaningful，it seems to be a little abstract F．Ungrateful persons are always blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others G．When you reflect on your thoughts，feelings，emotions and actions，you are actually reflecting on your values 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要对如何践行感恩和培养感恩的心提 出了一些建议。 21．B　[根据上文提到的几个问题中描述的情况，以及空后的 then you will definitely need to work on being a more grateful person 可知，B 项符合语境，且 B 项 中的 these circumstances 对应的正是上文提到的几个问题中描述的几种情况。] 22．E　[空处上文是说，近几十年里，表达感恩已经被提出；空后是说，但 是，这仍有一些有助于践行感恩的建议。故 E 项“尽管这种激励从道德上来讲是 有意义的，但似乎有一点抽象”符合语境，且 E 项中的 such encouragement 与空前一句呼应。] 23．F　[根据该段的主题句 Refusing to play the victim is the first step you're supposed to take 可知，本段讲述了践行感恩的第一个方法。F 项中的 blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others 与之对应，且空后一句分析了 一个懂得感恩的人应该停止对世界和身边的人抱怨，与 F 项形成对比。故 F 项符 合语境。] 24．C　[空处上文列举了一系列社区志愿者的服务，这些服务能使人更积极 地去看待人生，故 C 项“逐渐地，你会更加感激这些回报社会的机会”符合语境。 C 项中的 the chances 与该段中列举的社区服务相呼应。] 25．D　[根据空处所在位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落主题句，再结合本 段的内容可知，本段是讲具体的践行感恩的善行，故 D 项符合语境。]