题号押题 8
全国卷第 61—70 题：语法填空
〖真题回顾〗
Passage 1（2019•全国卷Ⅰ•第 61—70 题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they
are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James
Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___
(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and
are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut
___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that
populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚
集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually
are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one
is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61. that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be 句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从
句，解释说明中心词 evidence 内容，故填 that。
62. poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 has been studied，意
为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63. of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods
of doing sth.”,意为“…的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。
64. to perform
的【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方
法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用 to perform。
65. have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have
reported。
66.belief
【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填 belief。
67. noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填 noting。
68. higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后 than they actually are 可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填 higher。
69. the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70. are
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
Passage 2（2019•全国卷ⅠI•第 61—70 题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time
employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in
Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been
acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___
(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and
seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___
because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as
to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a
call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we
were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的 Irene 作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着
朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
61. being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being。
62. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop，在非限制性定语
从句中作 opened 一词的宾语，故用 which。
63. finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词 have
been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
64. declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had
以及 said 可知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
65. to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth 做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词 plan,表示“…的计
划”，故填 to retire。
66. have made【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中 时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完
成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。
67. but【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，
而是因为我想做。此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应，构成“不是…而是 …”之意，故填 but。
68. saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定
语，解释名词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。
69. a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处 joke 为泛指，故填 a。
70. wonderful【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词 is 之后用形容词形式作表语，故填
wonderful。
Passage 3（2019•全国卷ⅠII•第 61—70 题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would
take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by
their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their
experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat
papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work ， they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
___66___(compete)to watch ， together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many
的___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our
week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the
stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼
遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
61.so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到
达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此…以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
62.to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering 后的句子不缺谓语，此
处应填非谓语动词，故填 to get。
63.of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
64.who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。
先行词为 masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。
65.recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购
物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
66.competition
【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词 an 与空格后的不定式 to watch 可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。
故填 competition。
67.
【解析】考查形容词。空格修饰名词 stories，应用形容词形式，tradition 的形容词为 traditional，故填 traditional。
68.hugely
【解析】考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词 popular，应用副词形式，huge 的副词为 hugely，故填 hugely。
69.were invited
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去
时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为 we，故填 were invited。
70.listening【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70 题空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听
音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，
and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening。
〖命题探究〗&〖解题秘籍〗
作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点：文章以记叙文和说明文为
主，文章长度控制在 190～220 词，10 道题中，有 6～7 个试题给出提示词(全国卷都是 7 个)，要求考生；
考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形
容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非
谓语动词，各种从句等。
从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看，给出提示词的考点主要包括：词类的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容
词与副词的转换）；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟
语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等。给出提示词考点多为实词，所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话
内容可以是 1～3 个单词。挖空分布均匀，考点的安排注重多样化。不给提示词的考点主要包括：连词（并
列连词和从属连词）、介词（动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。
〖押题冲关〗
Passage 1
Silk is mainly produced in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. The people (1) （live ）in the region were
the inventors of silk fabric， and no other culture discovered this process independently. The history of silk
making (2) （begin）6，000 years ago， and the earliest example of silk fabric (3) has been discovered dates from
3630 BC in Henan. Silk cloth producing process was well advanced during the Shang Dynasty（1600-1046 BC）
era.
China produces about 150，000 tons (4) （annual）. This is much more than the rest of the world. Only India
has a comparably large industry that produces about 30，000 tons.
It is thought that silk (5) （export）along the Silk Road routes about 400 BC ago. But after that， the (6)
（variety）kingdoms kept secret the methods of silk (7) （produce）for another thousand years. It might have been
one of the most energetically guarded secretes in history. Anyone (8) （find）secretly carrying silkworm eggs， or
mulberry（桑树）seeds was put (9) death.
Silk garments were worn by emperors and royalty. It was a status symbol， (10) common people were
prohibited from wearing silk. Silk was also used for a number of other applications including luxury writing material.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文. 文章介绍丝绸的发展史及有关事宜.
1. living；考查现在分词作后置定语. 句意：生活在这个地区的人是丝绸的发明者，没有其他文化独立地发
现这个过程. 此处 people 和 live 之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语，故答案为 living.
2. began；考查时态. 句意：丝绸制造的历史始于 6000 年前. 根据 6，000 years ago 可知句子用一般过去时
态，故答案为 began.
3. that；考查定语从句. 句意：最早的丝织品发现于公元前 3630 年的河南. 此处 example 是先行词，指物，
在后面的定语从句中作主语，且先行词由最高级 the earliest 修饰，故答案为 that.
4. annually；考查副词. 句意：中国年产量约为 15 万吨. 此处副词修饰动词，故答案为 annually.
5. was exported；考查一般过去时态的被动语态. 句意：据认为，丝绸是在公元前 400 年左右沿着丝绸之路
出口的. 根据 about 400 BC ago 可知这里指过去的事情，且主语 silk 和 export 之间是一种被动关系，所以句
子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为 was exported.
6. various；考查形容词. 此处 kingdoms 是名词，由形容词来修饰，故答案为 various.
7. production；考查名词. 句意：在接下来的一千年里，各个王国都对丝绸的生产方法保密. 结合句意可知此
处用名词形式，故答案为 production.
8. found；考查过去分词作后置定语. 句意：任何人被发现私自携带蚕卵或桑子都要被处死. 此处 anyone 和
find 之间是被动关系，是过去分词作置定语，故答案为 found.
9. to；考查固定搭配. 句意：任何人被发现私自携带蚕卵或桑树种子都要被处死. 固定搭配：put sb. to death"
判某人死刑". 故答案为 to.
10. so；考查并列连词. 句意：它是一种身份的象征，所以普通人禁止穿丝绸. 结合句意前后是因果关系，故
答案为 so.
Passage 2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Car registration plates (牌照) are just a series of numbers and letters, right? Well, yes…but not for everyone.
France was the first country 61. (introduce) plates in 1893. Early number plates differed 62. shape and size,
and were made of lots of different materials, including iron, cardboard and even pressed soybeans. In fact, it was not
until 1957 63. car manufacturers and the governments agreed on standardized plates. 64. was first registered in the
UK was A1. The letter “A” showed the number was from London, while the number “1” showed it was the first
number issued. At the moment, number plates 65. (consist) of a sequence of letters and numbers are applied in the
UK.Different EU countries also use different arrangements of numbers and letters, and 66. (they) systems have
changed many times because these letter-number 67. (combine) keep running out. In the past decades, some number
plates 68. (become) extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. 69. (basic), numbers on the plates
can be used to represent words or parts of words. For example, “NVERLA8” means “Never Late”. And the most 70.
(expense) number ever was “M1” which an anonymous buyer has acquired for ￡331,000.
【答案】
61. to introduce 62. in 63. that 64. What 65. consisting
66. their 67. combinations 68. have become 69. Basically 70. expensive
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了车牌的发展史，包括材质、形状以及车牌上数字和字母
所代表的含义等。
61. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1893 年，法国是第一个引入车牌的国家。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型“be+
形容词+to do sth.”，故填to introduce。
62. 考查介词。句意：早期车牌在形状和大小上都不相同。分析句子可知，differ in 为固定词组，意为
“在……方面不同”，故填in。
63. 考查强调句型。句意：事实上，直到 1957 年，汽车制造商和政府才就标准化车牌达成一致。分析句子
可知，此处为强调句型“it is/was not until…that…”，意为“直到……才”，故填that。
64. 考查连接代词。句意：在英国首次注册的是 A1。分析句子可知，此句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，因
此需要连接代词 what 做主语，且在句首需大写，故填 What。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，由一系列字母和数字组成的车牌在英国适用。分析句子可知，number plates
与 consist 是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词作定语，故填 consisting。
66. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：不同的欧盟国家之间也使用不同的数字和字母安排，他们的系统已经改
变了很多次，因为这些字母和数字的组合在不断耗尽。分析句子可知，修饰名词 systems 需用形容词性物主
代词，故填 their。
67. 考查名词。句意：不同的欧盟国家之间也使用不同的数字和字母安排，他们的系统已经改变了很多次，
因为这些字母和数字的组合在不断耗尽。分析句子可知，these 为修饰可数名词复数的指示代词，应使用名
词复数。故填 combinations。
68. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，一些车牌变得极其宝贵，特别是那些拼出单词的车牌。分析
句子可知，in the past decades 一般与现在完成时连用，主语 some number plates 是复数概念，故填 have become。
69. 考查副词。句意：基本上，盘子上的数字可以表示单词或部分单词。分析句子可知，修饰整个句子时要
使用副词，故填 Basically。70. 考查形容词。句意：有史以来，最贵的一个车牌是一名匿名买家以 331000 英镑购买的 M1。分析句子可
知，修饰名词 number 需用形容词，故填 expensive。
Passage 3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I don't photograph wild animals very often, 41. wild horses are an exception. I first learned about Alberta's
wild horses 20 years ago. Ever since, I had wanted to see and photograph them. A friend of mine, who also loves wild
horses, 42. (hear) about my wish in March 2017, and I was fortunate enough to be able to accompany him to see the
wild horses in the Williams Creek area of Alberta. It was 43. unique experience.
We spent a day there 44. our first visit and have been back to the same area three more times since then. Once
we were so lucky to see more than 100 horses there. I managed to capture a great shot of a pony 45. (run) and
jumping for the sheer joy of it, 46. I felt so proud of. The pony was having such fun all by 47. (he) while the rest of
his herd grazed peacefully.
Having been out with the horses several times now, I hope to visit them again—as often as possible! They're
magnificent and 48. (true) nurture my soul. I'm so thankful for the privilege of having the opportunity to spend time
with them. These horses are born wild and free, and deserve always 49. (remain) so. 50. (photograph) like me quite
value the chance to get close to the wild horses.
【答案】
41. but42. heard43. a44. on45. running
46. which47. himself48. truly49. to remain50. Photographers
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我拍摄野马的独特经历。
41. 考查连词。句意：我不经常拍摄野生动物，但野马是个例外。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填 but。
42. 考查时态。句意：我的一个朋友也喜欢野马，他在 2017 年 3 月听说了我的愿望。根据时间状语“in March
2017”可知事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填 heard。
43. 考查冠词。句意：这是一次独特的经历。experience 当“经历”讲时是可数名词，此处用不定冠词表泛
指，unique 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填 a。
44. 考查介词。句意：我们第一次去的时候在那里待了一天，之后又去了三次。spend time on sth 表示“在
某物/事上花时间”，故填on。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我成功地捕捉到了一匹小马奔跑和跳跃撒欢的精彩镜头，我为此感到骄傲。pony
与 run 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，此处与后面的 jumping 并列用现在分词作后置定语，故填
running。46. 考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作
主语，故填 which。
47. 考查反身代词。句意：小马自己玩得很开心，而其他的马则安静地吃草。all by oneself 表示“自己、单
独”，故填himself。
48. 考查副词。句意：它们是伟大的，真正滋养了我的灵魂。修饰动词 nurture 用副词，故填 truly。
49. 考查 deserve 的用法。句意：这些马生来就野性十足，自由自在，它们理应永远如此。deserve to do 表示
“理应做、做……理所应当”，主语和动词是主动关系，故填to remain。
50. 考查名词。句意：像我这样的摄影师非常珍惜接近野马的机会。根据空后的“like me”可知此处用表示
身份的名词作主语，photographer 表示“摄影师”，是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填Photographers。
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