备战2021年高考英语主题阅读系列主题03.人与自我之闲暇活动（第一辑）

备战 2021 年高考英语主题阅读系列（第一辑）03 人与自我·闲暇活动 【主题释义】人们在闲暇活动中进行生活消费，参与社会活动和娱乐休息，这是从事劳 动后身心调剂的过程，与劳动力再生产及必要劳动的补偿相联系。对社会而言，闲暇活动可 以创造产生科学、艺术等；对个人而言，闲暇活动可使人的个性得到全面发展，进行文化享 受和创造活动，得到娱乐和休息。 【热点趋势】休闲活动介绍；休闲活动体验；休闲活动引发的一些问题等。 1 There’s a small problem with a working holiday: working. It seems like a fantastic idea. You picture yourself learning a foreign culture, meeting locals and making friends. What you don’t picture is the actual work. Some people manage to keep a fine balance between working and holidaying. I’ve met plenty of working holidaymakers who are holding high-paying jobs that not only allow them to live in style, but that they also enjoy. Great. For most working holidaymakers, however, that’s a daydream. You’re not working overseas to further your career — you’re working overseas to further your travelling expenses. And besides, most serious employers will take one look at that year-long visa (签证), and laugh you out of the building. So you end up doing some of the jobs I’ve done. Fruit picking. I did mine in the north of Scotland, which wasn’t satisfying, given it’s a place with a summer in name only. Strawberries are a pain. It’s a case of bending your back for about eight hours straight. Lettuces aren’t much better. Again, more back bending. Is picking fruit a nice way to spend a holiday? No.So I became a line cook at a restaurant in Edinburgh. There, because there were no formal training systems in Scotland, I was handed a white jacket and referred to as a “chef (厨师)”. And as a “chef”, I would pull out boxes of frozen chicken tikka masala (冷冻香料烤鸡咖喱), putting them in the microwave until they were just so. Again, not what you’d call a fun way to spend a holiday. So when you’re planning a working holiday, it’s worth thinking about what you’re actually going to be doing, since that’s how you’ll spend your time while you’re away. Is it going to be enjoyable? Will you be able to meet people, make friends? Is it going to allow you the time and money to do other things, see other places while you’re there? Remember, it’s not a working holiday if you spend all your time working — it’s just work. 1.According to the author, what will happen to most working holidaymakers? A.They will live in style. B.They will enjoy their travelling. C.They can get plenty of good work experience. D.They may have difficulty finding a good job. 2.How does the author feel about his fruit picking experience? A.Tiring. B.Important. C.Interesting. D.Eye-opening. 3.What do we know about the author’s job as a line cook? A.He was trained hard.B.He found it very difficult. C.He was doing nothing skilful. D.He learned how to cook chicken. 4.What’s the author’s advice for those planning a working holiday? A.To stick to their plan. B.To know what to expect. C.To be adventurous. D.To be hard-working. 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 【解析】本文是议论文。作者结合自身经历，说明在国外打工度假，并不像大家想象中那般 妙不可言。 1.细节理解题。由第四段中的 most serious employers will take one look at that year-long visa, and laugh you out of the building（大多数严肃的雇主会看一眼一年期的签证，然后笑着让你 出去。）可知，对于打工度假者来说，找一份好工作没那么容易。故选 D。 2.细节理解题。由第七段中的 Strawberries are a pain. It’s a case of bending your back for about eight hours straight. Lettuces aren’t much better. Again, more back bending.（摘草莓是一种痛苦。 这是一种将你的背部弯曲 8 个小时的情况。生菜也好不到哪里去。再次，更多的背部弯 曲。）可知，摘水果的工作很累人。故选 A。 3.推理判断题。由第九段可知，作者没有经过正规培训就上岗，而且工作就是 And as a “chef”, I would pull out boxes of frozen chicken tikka masala (冷冻香料烤鸡咖喱), putting them in the microwave until they were just so.把冷冻香料烤鸡咖喱放进微波炉，由此推知，作者作 为一线厨师所做的工作没有任何技术含量。故选 C。 4.推理判断题。由最后三段可知，作者奉劝计划打工度假的人们对自己未来所做的工作、所 面临的问题要慎重考虑，做好充分的准备。since that’s how you’ll spend your time while you’re away.由于那将是你如何度过你的时间的方式。接下来倒数第二段都在问你将……。表示即 将工作的你准备好了吗？最后一段记住：it’s not a working holiday if you spend all your time working — it’s just work.如果你花所有时间去工作，就不是工作度假了，这只是一份工作而 已。故推出 B 选项 To know what to expect.“要知道你的期待是……”。故选 B。 【词汇积累】keep a balance 保持一种平衡状态 expense n. 消费；开支 end up doing 以……而告终 formal adj. 正式的；拘谨的；有条理的 【亮点句式】I did mine in the north of Scotland, which wasn’t satisfying, given it’s a place with a summer in name only.（第六段第二句） 译文：我是在苏格兰北部做的，那并不令人满意，因为那是一个名义上只有夏天的地方。 2 Many on the Mountain We often see people waiting in lines at supermarkets, theatres and amusement parks. Surprisingly, some people even have to wait in line at the summit (顶峰)of Qomolangma in the Himalayas. The best time to climb the Himalayas is during the months of April and May, as well as some days in September and October. "In these periods of recent years, the path contains rocks and deep crack from melting ice due to the warm weather, which make expeditions up the mountain more dangerous,said Apa, an experienced Nepalese guide. During this year's climbing season, crowds of climbers became stuck in a long line near the summit. The line is above the mountain's highest campsite — about 8,000 meters above sea level. However, most people can only spend a few minutes at the summit without extra oxygen supplies. Twenty-one mountaineers have died in the Himalayan mountains so far this year, according to Gripped, a magazine dedicated to mountain climbing. Eleven of these climbers died on Qomolangma. This death count marks a four-year high. Overcrowding, inexperience and poor weather have been the most common causes of death, USA Today reported.After these tragedies, one question remains: Why do so many people risk their lives to climb the mountain? The answer differs from climber to climber. Studies suggest that people who take risks tend to perceive themselves differently than people who avoid risky activities. But for adventurers who are drawn to the Himalayas, reaching the summit of Qomolangma is a lifelong dream, according to Discovery News. ''Qomolangma is like a light to bugs that attracts people once they hear about it. It represents the ultimate for many people, '' US mountaineer Alan Arnette said. Technological advances have also encouraged more people to climb the mountain. People can get high-tech safety equipment more easily than before. And with the internet, climbers know better than ever about how to reach the summit safely, Yahoo Travel noted. 5.What happened during this year's climbing season on Qomolangma? A.Many climbers got stuck due to a snowstorm. B.Climbers had to wait in line near the summit. C.The highest campsite was closed for safety reasons. D.There were not enough oxygen supplies for climbers. 6.What do we know from the USA Today report? A.21 climbers have lost their lives on Qomolangma this year. B.This year's climber death count is four times more than last year's. C.Climbers who have less experience may have a higher risk of death. D.Climbers can only spend a few minutes at the summit of Qomolangma. 7.What does the underlined word "perceive” in paragraphs mean? A.Think. B.Change. C.Pretend. D.Promise. 8.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?A.The risks on Qomolangma. B.Mountaineers lifelong dream. C.Causes of mountaineers, deaths. D.Reasons for climbing Qomolangma. 【答案】5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了有很多登山者都会珠穆朗玛峰，这造成了峰顶处的拥 挤。然而，不同的登山者有不同的登山原因。他们认为珠穆朗玛峰是他们的终极目标，但这 也存在着极高的风险。 5.细节理解题。根据第二段的 During this year's climbing season, crowds of climbers became stuck in a long line near the summit. The line is above the mountain's highest campsite — about 8,000 meters above sea level.(在今年的登山季，成群的登山者被困在离顶峰不远的地方，排 队等候。这支队伍就在珠峰最高的营地——海拔 8000 米)可知，今年的登山季，登山者排着 长队在离珠峰不远的地方等待。B. Climbers had to wait in line near the summit.(登山者不得不 在靠近顶峰的地方排队等候)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 6.细节理解题。根据第四段的 Overcrowding, inexperience and poor weather have been the most common causes of death, USA Today reported.可知，今日美国报道称，过度拥挤、经验不足和 糟糕的天气是最常见的死亡原因。由此可见，缺乏经验的登山者可能有更高的死亡风险。 C. Climbers who have less experience may have a higher risk of death.(经验不足的登山者死亡 的风险更高)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。 7.词 义 猜 测 题 。 根 据 第 五 段 的 Studies suggest that people who take risks tend to perceive themselves differently than people who avoid risky activities. But for adventurers who are drawn to the Himalayas, reaching the summit of Qomolangma is a lifelong dream, according to Discovery News.(研究表明那些想要冒险的人往往 perceive 他们自己与那些避开危险活动的 人不同。但对于那些被吸引到喜马拉雅山的冒险者来说，登上珠峰顶是他们毕生的梦想。) 可知，冒险者和不冒险的人的看法往往是不同的。由此猜测划线部分的意思是“思考”。A. Think.(思考)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。8. 主旨大意题。根据最后两段的主要内容，尤其倒数第二段的 After these tragedies, one question remains: Why do so many people risk their lives to climb the mountain? The answer differs from climber to climber.(在这些悲剧之后，一个问题仍然存在：为什么有这么多人冒着 生命的危险来登这座山？不同的登山者有不同的原因)可知，最后两个自然段主要讲述了登 山者登珠峰的原因。D. Reasons for climbing Qomolangma.(登珠穆朗玛的原因)符合以上说法， 故选 D 项。 【词汇积累】wait in line 排队等候 be stuck in 困住；陷于 tragedy n. 悲剧；灾难 ultimate adj. 最终的；极限的 technological adj. 技术的；工艺的 【亮点句式】 The answer differs from climber to climber. Studies suggest that people who take risks tend to perceive themselves differently than people who avoid risky activities.（第五段第二、 三句） 译文：答案因人而异。研究表明，喜欢冒险的人对自己的看法往往与不喜欢冒险的人不同。 3 Great Activities for Nature Lovers Hiking One of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn’t require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it. Backcountry Camping Why limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend (or longer) adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent, sleeping gear, food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. If you’re an experienced hiker and camper, this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness. Mountain and Road Biking Unlike long hikes through the woods, biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and down steep slopes, between trees, and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren’t suited for rugged terrain, consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads. Gardening Contrary to popular belief, you don’t have to travel beyond your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility restricted, consider planting a garden to grow your own vegetables, fruits, herbs, or flowers. There’s something truly satisfying about mixing up a salad with fresh ingredients you grew yourself. One of the best parts about spending time in nature is that it doesn’t have to break your budget and anyone can do it. 9.What does hiking need for hikers? A.A world map. B.A strong desire. C.Practical skills. D.Necessary equipment. 10.Where will you go to show your survival potential in the wild? A.To a backyard. B.To a forest. C.To a mountain. D.To a distant place. 11.Which of the following can take you to travel farthest? A.Hiking B.Backcountry Camping C.Gardening. D.Mountain and Road Biking 【答案】9.B 10.D 11.D 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种亲近大自然的户外活动。 9.细节理解题。由第一段中的“Hiking generally doesn’t require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure.”（徒步旅行一般不需要任何花哨的设备或特殊技能，只要一张地图和对冒险的渴望。），可知徒步旅行需要对冒险强烈的欲望。故选 B 项。 10.细节理解题。由第二段中的“Backcountry camping involves packing your tent, sleeping gear, food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. If you’re an experienced hiker and camper, this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.”（野 外露营包括在你的背上打包你的帐篷，睡具，食物和水去一个偏远的地方露营。如果你是一 个有经验的徒步旅行者和野营者，这是一个测试你的生存技能和探索荒野的好方法。），可 知在一个遥远的地方可以展示你在野外生存的潜力。故选 D 项。 11.推理判断题。由第三段中的“Unlike long hikes through the woods, biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature.”（与穿越森林的长途远足不同，骑自行车可以让你在 大自然中经过更多的土地和走更远的距离。），可推断出山地和公路自行车旅行可以让你旅 行到很远的地方。故选 D 项。 【词汇积累】 accessible adj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的 fancy v. 想做；想象；设想， 认为 wilderness n. 荒地；茫茫一片 be suited for 适合做……；适合于…… contrary to 与……相反 【亮点句式】One of the best parts about spending time in nature is that it doesn’t have to break your budget and anyone can do it.（最后一段最后一句） 译文：花时间在大自然中最好的一点是，它不必超出你的预算，任何人都可以做到。 4 The US film industry may have generated profits somewhere in the region of $40 billion last year, but it seems Hollywood still has plenty of work to do if wants to compete with the most popular American institution: the public library. Yes, according to a recent Gallup poll (民意调查), which was the first such survey since 2001, visiting the local library remains by far the most common cultural activity American join in. As reported earlier today by Justin McCarthy: “Visiting the library remains the most common cultural activity American join in, by far. The average 10.5 trips to the library US adults report taking in 2019 exceeds their participation in eight other common leisure activities. Americans attend live music or theatrical events and visit national or historic parks roughly four times a year on average and visit museums and gambling casinos (赌场) 2.5 times annually. Trips to amusement or theme parks (1.5) and zoos (0.9) are the least common on activities among this list.” The results of the Gallup poll have been broken down in a range of different ways, all of which you can peruse (研读) at your leisure, but two of the more interesting, though unsurprising, findings are that women report visiting the library nearly twice as frequently as men do, and that libraries are visited most by adults in low-income households and least by adults in high-income households. Congratulations to all you librarians out there; keep fighting the good fight. Pour one out for the zookeepers, though; it appears the zookeepers may be jealous and feel it not worth staying at the zoo. 12.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A.To lead to the topic of the text. B.To display the great benefit of Hollywood. C.To show the popularity of the US film industry. D.To compare the film industry with the public library. 13.What does the underlined word “exceeds” mean in Paragraph 3? A.Go with. B.Go after. C.Go against. D.Go beyond. 14.Who may often like to visit the local library? A.An adult man from a rich family. B.An adult man from a poor family. C.An adult woman from a rich family. D.An adult woman from a poor family. 15.What is the tone (语气) of the author in the last paragraph?A.Serious. B.Optimistic (乐观的). C.Humorous. D.Inspiring. 【答案】12.A 13.D 14.D 15.C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国，去图书馆依然是休闲活动的第一位。 12.推理判断题。根据第一段 The US film industry may have generated profits somewhere in the region of $40 billion last year, but it seems Hollywood still has plenty of work to do if wants to compete with the most popular American institution: the public library.美国电影业去年创造的利 润可能在 400 亿美元左右，但好莱坞要想与美国最受欢迎的机构——公共图书馆竞争，似乎 还有很多工作要做。 由此判断出本段目的是引出文章主题，去图书馆才是美国休闲活动第 一位，故选 A。 13.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第一句 Visiting the library remains the most common cultural activity American join in, by far. 到目前为止，访问图书馆仍然是美国人参与的最普遍的文化 活动。由此可以推断下文是根据报告，2019 年美国成年人平均 10.5 次去图书馆，超过了他 们参加其他 8 种常见休闲活动的次数。因此 exceeds 是超过的意思，D 选项 go beyond 表示 超越，同 exceeds 是同义，故选 D。 14.推理判断题。根据文章第四段 findings are that women report visiting the library nearly twice as frequently as men do, and that libraries are visited most by adults in low-income households and least by adults in high-income households. 可知女性去图书馆的频率几乎是男性的两倍， 低收入家庭的成年人去图书馆最为频繁，而高收入家庭中的成年人去图书馆频次最少，综合 内容得知，低收入家庭中女性最可能去图书馆。故选 D。 15.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句 Pour one out for the zookeepers, though; it appears the zookeepers may be jealous and feel it not worth staying at the zoo. 可知作者说大家也应该匀 出一点热情给动物园的管理员，或许人家会感到在动物园工作都不值得了，由此判断出这是 一种幽默的语气，故选为 C。 【词汇积累】compete with 与……竞争 participation n. 参与 amusement n. 消遣，娱乐 jealous adj. 妒忌的；猜疑的【亮点句式】Yes, according to a recent Gallup poll (民意调查), which was the first such survey since 2001, visiting the local library remains by far the most common cultural activity American join in. （第二段第一句） 译文：是的,根据最近的一项盖洛普民意调查，这是自 2001 年以来的首次调查,参观当地的图 书馆仍是迄今为止最常见的美国参加文化活动。 5 "Keep your eyes open. This is where the Ewoks live.'' The one-hour drive outside of San Francisco, covered in clouds along windy roads, has inspired my husband to say this sentence at least a dozen times. We finally arrive at Muir Woods National Park. I explain the strange green stuff on trunks of trees as we pass by mos (苔藓), something my 5-year-old son Cole has never seen in the desert where we live. "Mom, are Ewoks real? I think they maybe aren't real. " There's a question in Cole's voice,like he's trying on this idea. We've been down the road of pretending versus reality before, what with all the talk of superheroes and such around our house. "I think you are right. Ewoks are just in the movies. But it would be cool if they were real, right ?" Cole's silent for a while, thinking. "I just saw an Ewok’s ear back there!" Coles spotted an additional Ewok arm and one full body of the tiny hairy creatures. It does indeed look like we are in the Ewok forest of Star Wars. Cole's imagination is more than I can understand. What do plants eat? Which is the best planet? Which rocks float? He loves life. He loves his inner world and outer existence equally. I hear a lot of worry from parents about media sucking the souls from our children, taking away their time for creative play. For us, this hasn’t been the case. Cole and his brother are quite knowledgeable in the realities of life when it comes to Angry Birds, Curious George, and the adventures of Indiana Jones. These characters, and others of their own invention, live in my home like visitors, joining us on walks and outings. I appreciate them, though not all the time, for the company they give my sons and their busy minds. I think of media characters as an add-on to already busy minds, by carefully monitoring who gets invited into our lives, they become part of the parenting team. They teach loyalty adventure, curiosity---lessons I'm trying to convey, but in a much cooler way than I can. Pretence is awesome. It provides practice for real life without the ordinary interfering. 16.Where are the family heading for? A.The cinema. B.A park. C.San Francisco. D.A desert. 17.What can we know about Cole from the passage? A.He is proud of himself. B.He is full of curiosity. C.He is courageous. D.He is considerate. 18.What do many parents think of their children playing via media? A.It wastes children's time. B.It can make their children relaxed. C.It can engage their children in learning actively. D.It can accompany their children in their absence. 19.What's the authors attitude to the media characters in parenting children? A.Indifferent. B.Critical. C.Supportive. D.Disapproving. 【答案】16.B 17.B 18.A 19.C 【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过他们一家去国家公园的路上，儿子 Cole 对一 切都非常好奇的情况，联想到了媒体角色对孩子的正面影响。作者谈到，很多父母都认为玩 媒体游戏浪费孩子的时间。但事实上，媒体角色以一种非常酷的方式帮助父母教会了孩子忠 诚、冒险和好奇。16.细节理解题。根据第二段的 We finally arrive at Muir Woods National Park.(我们最终到了 Muir Woods 国家公园)可知，作者一家要前往一个国家公园。B. A park.(一个公园)符合以上 说法，故选 B 项。 17.推理判断题。根据第六段的 Cole's imagination is more than I can understand. What do plants eat? Which is the best planet? Which rocks float? (Cole 的想象力超乎我的想象。植物吃什么？ 哪个是最好的星球？哪一个岩石是漂浮的？)可知，Cole 有很多的疑问。由此推测他对一切 都充满了好奇。B. He is full of curiosity.(他充满了好奇)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 18.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的 I hear a lot of worry from parents about media sucking the souls from our children, taking away their time for creative play. (我听到很多父母担心媒体会吸 走孩子的灵魂，夺走他们创造性游戏的时间。)可推测，很多父母认为在媒体上玩是浪费时 间。A. It wastes children's time.(它浪费了孩子的时间)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。 19.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 I think of media characters as an add-on to already busy minds, by carefully monitoring who gets invited into our lives, they become part of the parenting team. They teach loyalty adventure, curiosity--lessons I'm trying to convey, but in a much cooler way than I can.(我认为媒体角色是我们已经非常忙碌的头脑的附加部分，通过仔细观察谁被 邀请进入我们的生活，它们成为养育孩子团队的一部分。它们教会人们忠诚、冒险和好奇心， 用一种比我所能想到的更酷的方式)可推测，作者对媒体角色在教育孩子这方面持赞同的态 度。C. Supportive.(支持的)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。 【词汇积累】stuff n. 东西；材料 imagination n.想象力 additional adj. 附加的，额外的 knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的，有知识的；有见识的 awesome adj. 令人敬畏的；使人畏 惧的 【亮点句式】I hear a lot of worry from parents about media sucking the souls from our children, taking away their time for creative play. （第七段第二句） 译文：我听到很多父母担心媒体会吸走孩子的灵魂，夺走他们进行创造性游戏的时间。