长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 1 页（共 10 页）
长宁区高考英语质量抽查试卷
（满分：140 分 考试时间：120 分钟）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on
your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a hotel. B. In a garden. C. In a park. D. In a café.
2. A. Classmates. B. Coach and athlete. C. Partners. D. Teacher and student.
3. A. $150. B. $200. C. $300. D. $600.
4. A. He hasn’t started to read. B. He is a fast reader.
C. The book is very attractive. D. The book is not too long.
5. A. Take the clothes out of the dryer. B. Do her laundry once again.
C. Examine the dryer for maintenance. D. Dry her clothes for twenty more minutes.
6. A. His sweater is not warm enough. B. The woman should have worn a sweater.
C. His coat is similar to the woman’s. D. The woman needn’t have brought the coat.
7. A. Call the local hotels again in a few days. B. Have her parents stay on campus.
C. Phone the Lake District Inn for a reservation. D. Look for vacant rooms near the campus.
8. A. The man should have attended the class. B. She has already finished her report.
C. The man has enough time to finish his report. D. She will help the man with his outline.
9. A. The plane will leave at 9:30 sharp. B. The departure time remains unknown.
C. The woman has just missed her plane. D. The mechanical problems have been fixed.
10. A. The man only filled his tank half full. B. The car has run out of gasoline.
C. The car is breaking down on the way. D. The man can’t read the instrument.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage and
conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but
the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your
paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Bus tours around some fascinating European cities.
B. Voyages with interesting stops on the Danube River.
C. Journeys to some magnificent opera houses in Austria.
D. Bicycle rides through beautiful countryside in Germany. 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 2 页（共 10 页）
12. A. Nuremberg. B. Melk. C. Vienna. D. Budapest.
13. A. A good way to explore the city is going on a free bus tour.
B. Ruins and remains are everywhere to be seen in the city.
C. The city got its name from two once separate towns.
D. It is a historic city full of a musical atmosphere.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They are the first three-brother group to row across the Atlantic.
B. They crossed the Atlantic without the help of electronic devices.
C. They are the only bagpipes players among the competitors.
D. They arrived sixteen days earlier than their competitors.
15. A. They were left home with charging cables. B. They accidentally fell into the ocean.
C. They were damaged by salty seawater. D. They all had got dead batteries.
16. A. He designed the engine of their rowing boat. B. He asked his brothers to take up the challenge.
C. He organised a charity named Children First. D. He regarded the rowing as a precious experience.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The definition of responsibility. B. Good manners in public.
C. The equality of husband and wife. D. Traditional views on marriage.
18. A. Sharing housework. B. Tending children. C. Guarding home. D. Making money.
19. A. Men should treat women like baby dolls in their family life.
B. Men should have more social responsibilities than women.
C. Women should support their families as well.
D. Women should be treated equally in public.
20. A. Men should observe the rule of lady first.
B. Husband should treat his wife like a friend.
C. Roles of man and woman in a family should differ.
D. Husband and wife should both earn their own living.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given
word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The family who eats together
What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer
seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, (21) ______ is often a trendsetter in such things,
the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency
of shared meals (22) ______ (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The
meals (23) ______ have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 3 页（共 10 页）
So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves (24) ______ the cost of not eating together is. Once again,
we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that
15-year-olds who reported not regularly (25) ______ (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent
from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least
twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, (26) ______ (conduct) by the National
Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with
their parents five or more times a week are (27) ______ (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol.
But those numbers, impressive (28) ______ they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal
together is more than just a preventive measure (29) ______ future misfortune. The primary cost of the family
meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time.
The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That
time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, (30) ______ is at the family
meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and
ambitions—is made.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. flexible B. genetically C. habitually D. included E. populations F. previous
G. restricted H. seldom I. solid J. suspects K. variations
Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bones
Your shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who 31 wear shoes are different to those of
people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age.
However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.
“We know that there are some 32 in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita
Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most 33 findings relate to the front and middle of
the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 34
from North America, Africa and Europe. These 35 sandal-wearing (穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in
southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.
The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities,
and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours
and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every
day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively 36 . In contrast, people who live in big cities, who
wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.
Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these
alterations can be passed on 37 .
According to Sorrentino, 38 evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years.
For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300 years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so
wouldn’t have 39 the motion of the ankle much.
It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino 40 that the firmness of
modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking. 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 4 页（共 10 页）
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Why do so few people find fulfillment in their work? Amy Wrzesniewski, a Yale School of Management
professor who studies these issues, offered an explanation that made a lot of 41 . Students, she said, “think
their calling is under a rock, and if they 42 enough rocks, they will find it.”
Surveys confirm that meaning is the top thing Millennials (千禧一代) say they want from a job. And yet
her research shows that less than 50% of people see their work as a calling. So, many of her students are left
feeling anxious, 43 , and completely unsatisfied by the good jobs and careers they do secure.
What they—and many of us, I think—fail to realize is that work can be 44 even if you don’t think
of it as a calling. The four most common occupations in America are retail (零售) salesperson, cashier, food
preparer/server, and office clerk—jobs that aren’t typically 45 “meaning.” But all have something in
common with those professions that are, such as teachers and doctors: They exist to help others. And as Adam
Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has shown, people who see their work as a form of
46 always rank their jobs as more meaningful.
That means you can find meaning in nearly any role in nearly any organization. 47 , most companies
create products or services to fill a need in the world, and all employees contribute in their own ways. The key
is to become more conscious about the service you’re providing— 48 and personally.
How? One strategy is to constantly remind yourself of your organization’s main 49 . Life Is Good is
a clothing company best known for colorful T-shirts with stick-figure designs, but its mission is to spread
50 and hope throughout the world, and that’s something even storeroom employees understand. If you
work for an accounting firm, you’re helping people or companies with the 51 task of doing their taxes.
Each job serves a purpose in the world.
Even if you can’t get excited about your company’s mission or customers, you can still adopt a service
attitude by thinking about how your work 52 those you love. Consider a study of women working in a
shoe factory in Mexico. Researchers found that those who described the work as dull were generally less
productive than those who said it was 53 . But the effects went away for those in the former group who
saw the work (however boring) as a way to support their families. With that attitude, they were just as
productive and 54 as the workers who didn’t mind the task.
Not everyone finds their one true calling. But that doesn’t mean we’re fated to work meaningless jobs. If
we 55 our tasks as opportunities to help others, any occupation can feel more significant.
41. A. progress B. trouble C. sense D. difference
42. A. carve out B. turn over C. pile up D. keep off
43. A. frustrated B. shocked C. inspired D. excited
44. A. meaningful B. demanding C. repetitive D. challenging
45. A. distinguished from B. exposed to C. associated with D. defined as
46. A. understanding B. existing C. producing D. giving
47. A. In conclusion B. After all C. By comparison D. In addition
48. A. as a whole B. in this way C. in public D. on average
49. A. advantage B. business C. objective D. construction 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 5 页（共 10 页）
50. A. optimism B. information C. designs D. strategies
51. A. unpleasant B. dangerous C. productive D. urgent
52. A. gathers B. benefits C. worries D. entertains
53. A. embarrassing B. rewarding C. rough D. temporary
54. A. relaxed B. surprised C. confused D. energized
55. A. assign B. abandon C. neglect D. reframe
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that
fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico, I didn’t check my
schedule before I said yes. I’d seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before, and I jumped at
the chance to go back.
I had three nights to capture the magical scene in the forest. Camera stand in hand, I hiked with my
colleagues into the foggy forest at dusk. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to
photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I
started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. In order to get the
composition that I wanted, I placed my camera stand on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the
long exposures. Normally this wouldn’t be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and,
by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they crawled all over me—my arms, my hair, my face—and
tickled (呵痒) my nose and cheeks. From what I observed, peak firefly presence happens for only about 20
minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.
On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for
focusing and composing in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlight—and I’d grown accustomed
to insects on my face. I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each spot of light is one of several bursts
that a firefly makes as it travels in a 30-second exposure. You can trace the insects’ paths: Some make small
circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.
The first time I visited the fireflies, I didn’t have the pressure of trying to capture and convey this
astonishing scene. That will always be my favorite experience with these shining creatures.
56. According to the passage, the author most probably is a(n) ______.
A. field biologist B. insect observer C. expert photographer D. mountain hiker
57. The author placed the camera stand on a steep and rocky path to ______.
A. make up for the dying light B. keep away from the annoying fireflies
C. obtain an ideal image D. catch peak firefly presence
58. We can learn from the passage that the author ______.
A. was accused of capturing wild fireflies B. endured physically to get first-hand firefly shots
C. was tired of the exposure to dark forests D. got his most satisfying image on the second night
59. What does the author think of his experience in the forest? 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 6 页（共 10 页）
A. Fascinating. B. Passionate. C. Surprising. D. Miserable.
(B)
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me, need to be reminded of everything we have
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tone of voice of the author—he writes with
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part-time freelance proofreader with a small band 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 7 页（共 10 页）
60. According to the brochure, “a freelancer” (paragraph 3) refers to someone who ______.
A. finds customers mainly online B. gets promoted at work easily
C. longs for the freedom of being alone D. works for oneself with a flexible schedule
61. If you are interested in this course but have not enrolled yet, you may ______.
A. make your decision after a half-month try B. have free access to the course material
C. need to show your CPD Certificate D. help tutors mark some homework
62. It can be concluded from the brochure that ______.
A. the course is more beneficial to experts than to green hands
B. proofreading and copy editing are normally paper-pen tasks
C. there is a good market for proofreading and copy editing
D. high-level proofreaders and copy editors are rare to find
(C)
A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said
Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years,
they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an
app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites
like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos.
“Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of
its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies.
New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors
“predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could
become as easy as Googling a name.”
We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday
Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for
identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes
everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing
international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can
search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition
software plan.”
All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano
Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the
Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress.
The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a
Continuing Professional Development
Certificate.
of regular customers.”
Carol Browne
长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 8 页（共 10 页）
broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled
live facial recognition for cameras across the city.
Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still
building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An
entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are”
by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and
society needs rules about when that is permissible.”
63. So far Clearview’s customers are ______.
A. investors of AI apps B. social media sites
C. small groups of private users D. government departments
64. By “But scale changes everything.” (paragraph 2), the author means that ______.
A. facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose
B. people should be scanned through more available physical measurements
C. border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software
D. widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology
65. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world.
B. Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments.
C. Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success.
D. Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments.
66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Facial recognition is under control B. Get your facial identification ready
C. Your face is now public property D. Establish a larger face database
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. As a result, names and files are usually arranged in alphabetic order.
B. It means words must be written using combinations of several symbols.
C. It is a set of letters or symbols in a fixed order used for writing a language.
D. Aside from the alphabet, there are two other modern writing systems.
E. Perhaps the most important divisions happened between 3000 and 2000 years ago.
F. In some parts of the world, alphabets have been imposed on people by empire builders.
How we write today
The alphabet was born about 3800 years ago. After a slow start, it has produced dozens of
offspring (后代). 67 Near the beginning of this period, the Phoenician alphabet—a direct offspring of the
first one—gave rise to the Greek and Aramaic alphabets. The Greek alphabet then led to a huge variety of 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 9 页（共 10 页）
forms, from the Cyrillic family used in south-east Europe and northern Asia to the Latin/Roman family that
includes English, German and French. The Aramaic alphabet, meanwhile, developed into a group that includes
the Hebrew and Arabic alphabets. It probably also gave rise to the Brahmi script, another distinct type of
alphabet that is itself the parent of dozens more used across south and South-East Asia.
68 In the first—of which Chinese text is the only real example still in use—signs represent full
words. In the other, signs represent syllables (音节). Japanese uses many Chinese “word” characters, but has
two other writing systems based on syllable signs. The few other syllable-based systems include the Cherokee
one used in the south-east US.
The variety and global dominance of the alphabet isn’t necessarily a sign of its superiority to other writing
systems, says Amalia Gnanadesikan, recently retired from the University of Maryland. 69 For instance,
they are used across north Asia, Africa and the Americas because of Russian and western European
expansionism.
The fact that alphabets use a smaller set of characters than other writing systems isn’t entirely beneficial
either, says Gnanadesikan. 70 Take the phrase “dog bites man”. Someone learning Chinese has to
understand just three signs—rather than 11 letters—to read and write the sentence. “So you get a very rapid
ability to translate what you’re learning into use,” she says. Moreover, children in Japan learn the hiragana (平
假名) syllable-based writing system so easily that they can often start reading aged 3.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in
no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer, study shows
Cold, wet summers could become a thing of the past in Scotland, according to a new study. Researchers
from Edinburgh and Oxford universities and the Met Office, the UK’s official weather service, say that
summer temperatures of 30°C could become common in the future because of climate change.
Climate change is long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns, including rising temperatures.
Human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), farming and cutting down forests are a
major cause of changing weather patterns around the world. When fossil fuels are burned, for example, they
release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Their
emissions contribute to climate change.
People experienced hot and dry conditions during a heatwave in the summer of 2018. The team found that
climate change would lead to those conditions becoming more frequent in Scotland. Lead researcher Professor
Simon Tett, from Edinburgh University, said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in
order to prevent this from getting worse.
The study also looked into the direct effects of the unusual weather in 2018 on people, animals and
landscapes in Scotland. Among these were a thirty per cent increase in demand for water, an increase in
harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and a fall in the amount of peas, potatoes, carrots and onions that
were harvested. The populations of some types of birds declined because of a lack of water. There was also
disturbance to trains because rails were bent by the heat.
Tett explained, “Despite its cool climate, Scotland must start to prepare now for the impact of high 长宁区高考英语二模卷（2020） 第 10 页（共 10 页）
temperature extremes. The bottom line is that heatwaves have become more likely because of the climate
change caused by human activities.”
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 我真不明白为啥他总是对别人的家事指手画脚。(affair)
73. 生活中我们要学会倾听，即便是与自己相悖的意见。(opposing)
74. 在英国除了急症，没有预约有病也看不了。(unless)
75. 这对夫妇刚要吃饭，门铃响了，是女儿送给他们的纪念日鲜花到了。(Scarcely)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in
Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的学生李平，写信给你在海外的笔友王平，与他分享这段时间在线学习生活的
感受。你的信必须包括：
在线学习与在校学习的不同；
你更偏爱的学习方式，并说明理由。
（信的开头已经为你写好。）
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