牛津译林版初二英语上册 Unit2 重要知识点
【welcome】
1. have to &must
[have to]:“必须,不得不”,强调客观上的需要,有人称,时态的变化(三单 has to,过去式
had to,将来时 will have to),其否定形式为 don't/doesn’t/didn’t have to,表示“不必”
[must]:“必须”,强调主观意愿和看法,无人称,时态和数的变化,其否定形式为 mustn't,表
示“禁止,不允许”
2. It's like watching TV,but there are fewer advertisements.它(上学)就像看电视,只不过广
告少一些。
①like prep.像... +名词/代词/v-ing
②few-fewer +可名复
③few ;a few;little;a little 区别
3. British n.英国人 the British=British people=Englishman
adj.英国的 British people
4. vacation 可数名词/不可数名词 “假期”(英:holiday)
on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 度假 winter/summer vacation 寒假/暑假
5. fall n 秋天(英:Autumn);瀑布
vi.落下;跌倒
6.movie n.(可数) 电影(英:film)
go to a movie/go to the movie 看电影
6. Shall we go together?
“Shall we do......?” 提建议的句型
➡ 肯定回答:Why not?/OK./Of course./All right.
【提建议的句型】
Let’s do sth.
You'd better do sth.(你最好做某事)
How/What about doing sth?
Why not do sth?
Why don’t you do sth?
Will/Would/Could you please do sth?(请你做下某事好吗?)
7. practise vi/vt. 练习,训练 practise (doing) sth (英:practise)
n.练习 (英:practice)
【reading】
1. in year 8 在八年级 (英:in Grade 8)
在...年级:美 in Year +基数词 in the +序数词+year
英 in Grade +基数词 in the+序数词+grade
2. mix vt.混合 ➡mixed adj.混合的 ➡mixture n.混合物
3. Among all my subjects,I like French best.
①like...best=favourite
②France n.法国 ➡ French ①n.法语 ②adj 法国的 Frenchman 法国人
4. Learning foreign language is fun.
①learning foreign language 动名词短语,起名词作用(指学外语这件事),后面的谓语动词
用单数。②foreign adj.外国的 foreign language 外语
foreigner n.外国人
5. during prep.在...期间 during the week
6. borrow ....from...借入 lend...to...借出 keep 持有
7. bring in 带来,引进
bring “拿来,带来”,强调从别处带某人/某物来到说话人所在地
take “拿走,带走”,强调使人/物离开说话人所在地
carry “携带,搬运”,强调某物从甲地移至乙地,带着物体随身移动但无固定方向
get/fetch “去取来,去拿来”,多用于口语,指去去了动词又返回来这一往返过程
8. end ①n.末端,尽头
the end of... 在...末尾
at the end of... 在...的末尾/尽头
in the end 最后,终于
②vt/vi.结束 end with... 以...结束
The party ended with a song.聚会以一首歌结束。
9. discuss vt.讨论 discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事
discussion n.讨论 have a discussion
10. in class 在课堂上 in the class 在班级里
11. [seem]①主语+seem(to be)+adj.
②主语+seem to do
③It seems that 从句
12. offer ①vt.主动提出,自愿给予
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物
可接双宾语的常见动词:一带(bring,)两给(give,offer)两传递(pass,hand),
借(lend)送(send)展示(show)写(write)双宾。
offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
②n.提供,提议,提出,出价
13. 初中阶段常见的以 o 结尾变复数加 es 的单词:英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato),土豆
(potato)和芒果(mango)。
14. win & beat
词条 含义 过去式 用法
win 获胜,赢得 won 宾语常是“比赛,战争,奖品”等名词,即
race,match,game,competition,war,prize 等
beat 打败,战胜 beat 宾语常是“竞争对手”,即指人或球队的名词或代词
15. by ①prep. “由/被....”Yesterday I heard a very beautiful piece of music by Beethoven.我昨天
听了一首由贝多芬创作的非常美妙的曲子。
②“在....旁,靠近”There is a small wooden house by the river.
③“经过...的旁边”A girl went by me to the teachers’ office just now.
④“(表示方法,手段等)靠,用,通过”Last summer I went to Beijing by air.
⑤“被,由(被动语态中用来引出动作的执行者)”The building was designed by a student
ten years ago.
⑥“逐个”The children went into the cinema one by one.
【grammar】
1. fast&quickly&soon
fast 形容词,副词 指运动中的人或物体动作本身的速度快,强调自身速度快。quickly 副词 指在较短时间内发生或完成,突出做事动作快。
soon 副词 指不久就发生某个动作或状况,表示所花时间短。
2. far 比较级➡further/farther
further 可以表示距离上“较远,更远”;还可以表示程度上“进一步”,具有抽象意义
farther 表示长度或距离上“较远,更远”
3. She draws better than any other student in my class.
“比较级+than any other+可名单” 表示最高级(比较的对象要是同一范围的)
4. ◎数量的比较
一、两者数量的比较
1. 用“more... than. . .”结构表示 “...比...多”,more+可名复/不可名。
You have more books than I.你的书比我的多
I have more free time than you.我的空余时间比你的多。
2.用“fewer/less... than..."结构表示“......比....少”,fewer+可名复 ,less+不可名。
Our school has fewer weeks off for the summer holiday than yours.我们学校比你们学校的暑假
少放几个星期。
He spends less money on clothes than I.他在衣服上花的钱比我少。
二、三者或三者以上的数量上的比较
1.用“the most”表示“最多”,most+可名复/不可名
We study the most subjects of all.在所有人当中我们学习的科目最多。
I spend the most time doing my homework.我在做家庭作业上花的时间最多。
2.用“the fewest/least" 表示“最少”,fewest+可名复,least+不可名。
Daniel drinks the least. juice among the three of us.丹尼尔在我们三个当中饮料喝得最少。
Who has the fewest friends of the three?三个人中谁的朋友最少?
5. ◎副词的比较级和最高级
一、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则
1.规则变化
副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化与形容词基本相同。
2.不规则变化
well--better-- -best
badly- -worse- worst
much--more--most
little--less-least
far--father/ further- farthest/ furthest
二、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.副词的比较级和最高级的用法与形容词基本相同。
Tom does his homework more carefully than I.汤姆做家庭作业比我认真。
Lucy draws the best of us all.露西在我们所有人当中画得最好。
2.副词最高级前面的 the 可以省略,而形容词前面的 the 不可以省略。
The boy is the fastest in his class.这个男孩在他班上跑得最快。
The boy runs (the) fastest in his class.这个男孩在他班上跑得最快。
【Integrated skills&study skills&task】
1. the number of...is.... a number of+可名复...are...
2. spend vt.花费 过去式:spent
词条 主语 花费 常用结构
spend 人 时间/金钱 Sb+ spend(s)/spent +时间/金钱+on sth
(in) doing sth
cost 物 金钱 Sth + cost(s)/cost+sb+金钱
pay 人 金钱 Sb+pay(s)/paid +金钱+for sth
take it 时间 It takes/took(sb)+时间+to do sth
3. wear vt.穿,戴 强调穿着的状态 wear+衣物
be in prep.强调穿着的状态 be in+衣物/颜色
put on 强调“穿,戴”的动作
dress 作动词时,宾语通常为人 dress sb ; dress oneself
4.Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer holiday than British students.
①have+一段时间+off “有...时间的假期”
have two weeks off 有两周的假期
②off : fall off....从...掉下来 keep off 远离 turn off 关掉
4. Half an hour for playing computer games and another half an hour for playing chess.
►another ①adj.(不确定数目中的)“另外任何一个的”
②代词 “另一个”If you don’t like this one,try another.
③another+数词+名词 = 数词+more+名词 “还,再,又”
•play chess 下国际象棋
5. at most 至多,不超过
= not more than
反义词组:at least 至少
6. 后缀 -ly
(1)“名词+后缀-ly”构成形容词 monthly 每月的 friendly 友好的
(2)形容词+后缀-ly➡副词 careful-carefully
►形容词变副词的常见方法
(1)大多数形容词在词尾加-ly, quick-quickly
(2)辅音字母+y 结尾的,y➡i,+ly lucky-luckily
(3)le 结尾的,去 e 再加 y terrible-terribly
7.look through 浏览,快速查看;透过...看;翻查;翻找
look up 抬头看;查阅
look out 当心
look forward to 盼望
look after 照顾
look for 寻找
look around 环顾四周
7. at first 起初,首次
at last 最后
8. I also keep writing in English about my daily life.
keep doing sth 继续,重复做某事
daily life 日常生活
daily 每日的,日常的 形容词 指每天发生一次的,在句中作定语
everyday 每天的,日常的 形容词 指日常发生的,无须特别关心的,只作定语
every day 每天 副词短语 在句中作状语9. finish school 放学;毕业
finish doing sth 结束做某事
后接 v-ingd 的动词和短语
动词:完成(finish)练习(practise)考(consider)建议(suggest),喜欢(enjoy)错过
(miss)别介意(mind)。
短语:忙于(be busy)期盼(look forward to)要习惯(be used to),不禁(can’t help)放弃(give)想
(feel like)继续(keep on)。
10. ideal n.理想 We should struggle for our ideals.
adj.理想的 My ideal job is to be a doctor.
11. need vt.需要 need sb/sth
need (sb) to do sth
sth need to be done
情态动词 “必须,必要” 常用于否定句或疑问句中,否定形式为“needn't”
=don’t have to needn’t do sth 不必做某事
n.需要 be in need
12.have fun=have a good/great/wonderful time; enjoy oneself
have fun with sth
have fun doing sth.
12. 作文:我理想的学校生活
体裁 记叙文 话题 学校生活
时态 一般现在时 人称 第一人称
段落布局 开头:总述学校生活的情况
主体:具体叙述一些学校生活
结尾:对整篇文章进行整体概括,升华文章主题
句式链:
1. My ideal school starts at...and finishes at...
2. We have lots of time for...
3. I have ...because I think ...is very interesting.
4. Every Monday,I go to the...club.
5. I hope I have...weeks off.
6. We have an hour for...