全国卷高中英语经济学人外刊新高考培优讲义[06-04]作文素材阅读理解语法词汇拓展积累

2021 年全国卷高中英语《经济学人》外刊新高考培优讲义[06-04] 作文素材阅读理解语法词汇拓展积累 （含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累：均由阿满编写） 原文[续 06-03] Economically speaking, this should not be a problem. Automation should yield savings to firms or consumers which can be spent on other goods or services. Labour liberated by technology should gravitate toward tasks and jobs in which humans retain an advantage. Yet that should also have been true of horses. The use of tractors in agriculture rose sharply from the1910s to the 1950s, and horses were displaced in vast numbers. But some useful horse-work remained (as indeed it does today). The difficulty facing horses was in reallocating the huge numbers displaced by technology to places where they could still be of use. 从经济上说，这不该是个问题。自动化应该会为公司或消费者带来节余，可用 于购买其他商品或服务。由科技解放的劳动力应当流向人类尚有优势的任务和工 作。但对于马来说曾经也是这样的。从 20 世纪的头十年到 50 年代，拖拉机在农业 上的使用大幅增加，取代了大量马匹。但一些使用马的工作仍有用处，得以保留下 来（今天也是一样）。马所面临的困难是把科技所取代的庞大数量的马重新安置到 还能用得上它们的地方。 词汇讲解.yield savings 文中释义：带来节余 yield 这里不是指我们常见的“屈服”或者“让步”这类含义，而是同义于 give 和 supply，表示“生出”、“产生”或“提供”自然产物、某种结果或者利润的含 义。 其实前述这两个看似迥异的释义的本质都是“to give”（“屈服”或者“让 步”的释义可以理解为 give up）。 o trees that no longer yield fruit 不再结果实的树 o experiments yielding new insights 得到新的认识的实验 o Building societies' investment accounts yield high interest. 房屋建 筑协会的投资利润获得很高的利息 .gravitate to/towards 表示逐渐地移向某人或转向某人或者某事物。 o When this beautiful girl arrived, all the men in the room gravitated towards her. 这美貌的姑娘一到, 全屋的男人都让她吸引住了. o The conversation gravitated to sport. 谈话的内容转到了运动方面 相关拓展 gravitation 和 gravity 都可以表示物理学中的“万有引力”，但是 gravitation 的另一个含义是表示“趋势”或者“倾向” (a movement toward a source of attraction)，而 gravity 的另一个用法是“重要性”或“严重性”，常带有令人忧虑 的意味 (importance (of a worrying kind); seriousness)。 o the gravitation of the middle classes to the suburbs. 中产阶段涌向 郊区的趋势 o They are still quite unaware of the gravity of their problems. 他们 仍未意识到问题的严重性 .The difficulty facing horses was… 文中释义：马所面临的困难是… face 这里表示“面临”：problems that face the Government 政府面临的难题 写作积累 •Economically speaking, this should not be a problem. 从经济上说，这 不该是个问题。 •Automation should yield savings to firms or consumers which can be spent on other goods or services. 自动化应该会为公司或消费者带来节余， 可用于购买其他商品或服务。 •Labour liberated by technology should gravitate toward tasks and jobs in which humans retain an advantage. 由科技解放的劳动力应当流向人类尚 有优势的任务和工作。•The use of tractors in agriculture rose sharply from the 1910s to the1950s, and horses were displaced in vast numbers. 从 20 世纪的头十年 到 50 年代，拖拉机在农业上的使用大幅增加，取代了大量马匹。 •as indeed it does today 今天也是一样 •The difficulty facing horses was in reallocating the huge numbers displaced by technology to places where they could still be of use. 马所面临 的困难是把科技所取代的庞大数量的马重新安置到还能用得上它们的地方。 长难句解析 The difficulty // facing horses // was in reallocating the huge numbers / displaced by technology / to places / where they could still be of use. •提取主干：The difficulty was in reallocating the huge numbers，主 系表结构。 •其他成分： ① 现在分词短语 facing horses 作定语修饰 difficulty。 ② 过去分词短语 displaced by technology 作定语修饰 numbers。 ③ to places 作动词 reallocate 的地点状语。 ④ 定语从句 where they could still be of use 修饰 places。 --- 未完待续 ---