2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：强调句

重难点分析 高考命题导向：“It is/was…who/that…”强调句型是高考考查的重点内容之一。此句型可 强调主语、宾语、状语。如果要强调谓语，用 do/does/did+动词原形。高考通常考查强调句 与几个易混句型连词的使用和强调句的问句。 一、相关句型构成的强调句 1. 陈述句的强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他 部分。如： It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他是昨天遇见李平的。 2. 一般疑问句的强调句型 同上，只是把 is/was 提到 it 前面。如： Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 他是昨天遇见李平的吗？ 3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型 被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/was + it + that/who + 其他部分？ When and where was it that you were born? 你是何时何地出生的？ 4. not…until…句型的强调句 A. 句型为：It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 注意：此句型只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until 可通用。 5. 谓语动词的强调 A. It is/was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do/does 或 did。如： Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊！ 注意：此种强调只用 do/does 和 did，没有别的形式；过去时用 did，后面的谓语动词用 原形。 二、强调句型注意事项一览表 说明 例句 1 强调主语时，其后的谓语动词和主 语在人称和数上保持一致 It is he who/that often does good deeds. 是他经常做 好事。 It is I who/that am looking for you. 是我找你。 2 被强调部分除了指人时连词可用 who/whom 之外，其他情况下只能 用 that It is the book that I want. 这是我要的书。 3 not…until…句型的强调句 It was not until you told me that I realized my mistake. = Not until you told me did I realize my mistake. = I didn’t realize my mistake until you told me. 直到你告诉我，我才意识到自己的错误。 4 与主语从句(It is/was…that-clause) 的区别 It is true/a fact that they won the game. (it 是形式主 语) 他们赢得了比赛是事实。(去掉 It was…that 后句子 已不完整)It was in Xiamen that I first met him. 是在厦门我第一 次遇到他。(强调句特点：去掉 It was…that 后句子仍 完整) 5 与“It be…before(时间过多久才……) /since(自……以来多长时间了)句型” 的区别 It was two hours before he worked out the problem. 两个小时后他才算出这道题。 It is two years since he joined the army. 他参军已两年 了。 6 与“It be…when/where 定语从句” 的区别 It was in 1919 that he was born. (强调句) 他于 1919 年出生。 It was 1919 when the May 4th Movement took place. (定语从句) 五四运动发生于 1919 年。 It was in Beijing that I met him. (强调句) 我在北京遇 到他的。 It was Beijing where I met him. (定语从句) 我在北京 遇到了他。 注意：在美国英语中，强调句强调事物时常用 which 来代替 that。 考点练透 一、单句填空 根据句意用适当的关联词填空。 1. It was along the Mississippi River ___________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. 2. It is the ability to do the job ___________ matters, not where you come from or what you are. 3. — What was the party like? — Wonderful. It is years ___________ I enjoyed myself so much. 4. It was October ___________ they finally came back to their hometown. 5. It was in the lab that was taken charge of by Professor Li ___________ they did the experiment. 6. It will be more than 100 years ___________ the country begins once again to look as it did before. 7. ___________ is it that has made Peter what he is today? 8. I have already forgotten ___________ it was that you put the dictionary. 9. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ___________ it is that I am talking to. 10. It was ___________ he did ___________ frightened me. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Animals may also become extinct through direct destruction. This includes the hunting and capturing of animals. Humans have always hunted and killed wildlife 1 early humans lived more in harmony with nature, 2 killed animals for essentials like food and clothing. When guns 3 (invent), mass destruction of species was possible. Animals have been, and still are, killed 4 meat, clothing, medicines, feathers, eggs, trophies (战利品), tourist souvenirs — and sometimes just for amusement. Some species are still captured in the wild for the live pet trade, even though 5 numbers are decreasing. The 6 (extinct) of at least 500 species of animals has been caused by man, most of them in this century. Today there are about 5,000 endangered animals and at least one species dies out every year. There are probably many more which become extinct 7 anyone knowing. 8 main threats to species then can be cited as poaching (非法狩猎), habitat loss and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has its own “red list” of endangered species 9 (range) from “least concern” through to “critically endangered”. It is their assessment 10 we will refer to here. 助读词汇 extinct adj. 灭绝的 capture vt. 捕获 essentials n. 生活必需品 souvenir n. 纪念品 assessment n. 评估 in harmony with 与……和谐 mass destruction 大规模杀伤 be cited as 被称为 refer to 涉及 critically endangered 极度濒危 三、佳作欣赏 下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的 语言表达，其中也包含有强调结构，用心体会其用法。 An old man fished by the river and he was so skillful that soon his basket was full of fish. A lovely child came by and the old man would like to give all his fish to him, but the child rejected. Surprised, the man asked for the reason and the child said, “I would like to take your fish pole, because this basket of fish would soon be eaten up, but with the fish pole, I can catch fish myself whenever I want to eat fish all my life.” The little child thought that he could get fish just with the fishing tool, but actually it is the skill to fish that is the key to countless fish. So rather than simply take the tools, we should always learn the way to “fish” in our life. 参考答案 考点练透 一、单句填空 1. that 2. that 3. since 4. when 5. that 6. before 7. What 8. where 9. who 10. what; that 二、语法填空 本文作者向我们介绍物种灭绝的原因以及濒危动物面临的状况。 1. but 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据两句间的关系可知，此处存在一个转折关系，故填 but。 2. they 缺少主语填代词。they 在此指代前面的 early humans。 3. were invented 分析句子成分可知，动词 invent 作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态。根 据上下语境可知时态是一般过去式，invent 与主语 guns 存在被动关系。故填一般过去式被动 语态 were invented 正确。 4. for 表目的用介词 for。或者根据下文 and sometimes just for amusement. Some species are still captured in the wild for the live pet trade 也可知。 5. their 分析句子成分可知 numbers 在此作主语，但这到底是“谁的数量”？不清楚。所 以需要填一个形容词性物主代词。此处 their 指前面的 Some species 的。 6. extinction 作主语用名词形式。 7. without 根据上下语境和句意可知，此处 7 anyone knowing 理应是表示“没有任 何人知道”，故填 without。 8. The 表特指必须用定冠词。 9. ranging 分析句子成分可知，动词 range 在此作非谓语。此外 range 与逻辑主语 endangered species 是主动关系，故填 ranging 作伴随状语。 10. that 强调句型 It is…that…，故填 that。句意：我们将在这里涉及到的就是他们的评估 (本句引出下文)。