Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
Warming up-Reading
学习目标：
1. 了解宇宙科学、地球生命的起源，了解万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文学知识，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探求科学的热情。
2. 了解作者的写作特点，培养学生的创造性思维，为学生开拓广阔的想象空间。
3. 掌握本单元的词汇和习惯用法。
4. 学会在日常生活中正确运用指示语。
5. 掌握名词性从句中主语从句的用法。
背景导读
创造论(或神造说）
创造论否认一切的事物是自然形成的说法。它认为哪怕是正在呼吸的空气，也是需要被创造才得以产生。比如上帝、阿尔修斯。
自然发生说
又称“自生论”或“无生源论”，认为生物可以随时由非生物产生，或者由另一些截然不同的物体产生。如中国古代所谓“肉腐出虫，鱼枯生蠹”、亚里士多德说的“……有些鱼由淤泥及砂砾发育而成”。中世纪有人认为树叶落入水中变成鱼，落在地上则变成鸟等。
宇宙生命论(或泛生说)
这一假说提倡“一切生命来自生命”的观点，认为地球上最初的生命来自宇宙间的其他星球，即“地上生命，天外飞来”。这一假说认为，宇宙太空中的“生命胚种”可以随着陨石或其他途径跌落在地球表面，即成为最初的生命起点。
宇生说
这一假说认为，地球上最早的生命或构成生命的有机物，来自于其他宇宙星球或星际尘埃。持这种假说的学者认为，某些微生物孢子可以附着在星际尘埃颗粒上而落入地球，从而使地球有了初始的生命。
化学起源说
化学起源说是被广大学者普遍接受的生命起源假说。这一假说认为，地球上的生命是在地球温度逐步下降以后，在极其漫长的时间内，由非生命物质经过极其复杂的化学过程，一步一步地演变而成的。
Reading one
语篇解读：
I. First reading
Read the passage carefully and analyze its structure(结构). Write down the main idea for each paragraph.
Main
idea
Paragraph 1:_______________________theory about the formation（形成）______________
Paragraph 2:_________________________of the earth
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Paragraph 3:The importance of _________________________________
Paragraph 4:The development of ________________________________
Paragraph 5:The arrival of __________and________________________
II. Second reading
Read the passage carefully and then choose the correct answer.
1. What made it possible for life to begin and develop on the earth according to the passage?
A. Harmful gases B. Water C. Carbon dioxide D. Oxygen
2. Which is the correct order of the following animals' appearance on the earth?
a. fishes b.mammals c.reptiles d.insects e.dinosaurs
A. a-d-c-e-b B. a-d-b-c-e
C.d-a-c-e-b D. c-d-a-e-b
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the dinosaurs?
A. They produced their young by laying eggs.
B. Some of them were very huge.
C. They produced their young within their bodies.
D. They once lived on the earth for millions of years.
4. What is the main problem to be solved for life to continue on the earth?
A. Food B. Water C. Aids D. Global warming
III. Third reading
Put the right order of development of life into a timeline. Use the reading passage to help you.
( ) 1 Insects and amphibians appeared. ( ) 2 Dinosaurs appeared.
( ) 3 The earth became a solid ball. ( ) 4 Small plants grew on the water.
( ) 5 Reptiles appeared. ( ) 6 Plants began to grow on dry land.
( ) 7 The earth was a cloud of dust. ( ) 8 Water appeared on the earth.
( ) 9 Shellfish and other fish appeared. ( ) 10 The universe began with a “Big Bang”.
( ) 11 Clever animals with hands and feet appeared. ( ) 12 Mammals appeared.
IV. Find out the following phrases in the passage.
1. 以……开始 2. 及时；终于
3. 下蛋 4. 在地球上生存
5. 恐龙时代 6. 产生；分娩
7. 轮到某人；接着 8. 阻止；制止
9. 从……逃脱 10. 太热而无法生存
V. Analyze these sentences and translate them into Chinese.
1. ①The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
在此句中it作__________,whether 引导_____________.so...that在句中引导
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________________________.
②It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
在此句中it作__________,that引导______________. be fundamental to...是……的基础
1. ①.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled
into a solid globe
what在句中引导_______________.when在句中引导_______________,在句中修饰_______________.
settle into/ to…① 安顿下来；②习惯于（新居）；③适应（新工作）
②.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
what在句中引导_____________________. that在句中引导_____________________.
cool down ①变冷;冷却下来 ②镇静下来
③.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
why在句中引导_____________________. remain________________
④.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this
problem can be solved.
第一个whether在句中引导________________. 第二个whether在句中引导_______________.
to come在句中作____________,表示_________________.
3. ①However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter
in all directions.
that在句中引导_____________,用来修饰___________in all directions= in every direction 向四面八方
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②This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
which在句中引导_______________,用来修饰_____________________.
it在句中作_______________, to develop在句中作______________.
Reading one
拓展提升学案
原文填空:(每空填一个单词,请注意正确形式)
Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now _______hands and feet, appeared and ________all over the earth._______, ____ _____ _______, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are _______too much carbon dioxide _______the atmosphere, _________ _________heat _______ ________from the earth into space. ____ ____ ________of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to______ ______. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years ______ ______will depend on _______this problem can be solved.
Book3 Unit 4 Astronomy : the science of the stars导学案答案
Warming up-Reading
课前预习学案
语篇解读：
I : Paragraph 1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe
Paragraph 2: The formation of the earth
Paragraph 3: The importance of water for life
Paragraph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earth
Paragraph 5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth
II: B A C D
III. 10 7 3 8 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 11
IV. 1. begin/start with 2. in time 3. lay eggs 4. exist on the earth 5.the age of dinosaurs
6. give birth to 7. in one’s turn 8. prevent …from 9. escape from… 10. too hot to live on
V. 1.①形式主语， 真正的主语，结果状语从句 ② 形式主语， 真正的主语
2.①主语从句，定语从句，between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years
② 主语从句，表语从句 ③主语从句，link. V. （继续）保存，仍然，仍然处于（某种状态）
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④主语从句，宾语从句，定语，将来
3.①定语从句,a “Big Bang” ②非限制性定从句, a chain reaction，形式宾语，真正的宾语
拓展提升学案
with ; spread ;Thus, in their turn ; putting into ; which prevents ; from escaping ; As a result;
live on.; to come; whether
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