unit15 lesson4&culture corner
. 【教学目标】By the end of this period, you will be able to：
write a short passage, using linking and reference words as well as some new words/phrases learned from the article.
【知识梳理】1. To start with: To begin with. (= at first 为一独立成分，置句首) eg.
To start with, we must consider the faculties of the staff all-sidedly.
2. be accustomed to: vt. = be used to
Many girls are accustomed to playing with their hair while reading
He has been in london for two years,and should be accustomed by now to eating English food
3. spit out: vt. 吐出， 喷出
A volcano was spitting out smoke and ash for three days.
4.…were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
With + n./pron. + v-ing/-ed/ adj./adv./prep./ to do 这一结构主要是用来作状语，间或也作定语。
(1) With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
(2) With their work finished, they went home.
(3) With so much work to do, I can't go swimming with you.
(4) She stood at the door, with her back towards us.
(5) He entered the room, with his nose red with cold.
(6) A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.
注：此结构作定语时可转换成whose引导的定语从句。
A little boy whose two front teeth were missing ran into the house.
5. tend to do sth. vt. 趋向于，往往会
1) His views tend to the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。
2) Women tend to live longer than men.
3) People under pressure tend to tap（发挥） all their potential.
6. base on / be based on vt. 建立在…基础之上，以…为基础
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Our quality is based mainly on our sales samples.
These charges(控诉)are based on facts.
7. put forward vt. 提出
He put forward a constructive suggestion.
Everybody put forward his opinion on the disputed case.
8. at times adv. 有时,不时
Memories are improved by going over at times.
9. be known as vt. 被称作为…
Mr. Ward is known as a great painter.
10. due to prep. 由于，因为; be due to do sth. 预定…
His success was due to his hard work.
They are due to arrive in Seattle on March the second.
11. It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristitole.
【句型结构】it is + adj. + that…。在该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。
用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary, strange, clear, possible, natural, important, likely, obvious 等。
【翻译】：1).很奇怪没有人知道他去了哪里
2). 他不可能会及时到这里。
12.be accustomed to 习惯于（做某事）
e.g. Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us.
翻译：经过一个漫长的暑假后，我不习惯每天那么早起做早操。
____________________________________________________________
13.adapt .
For a start, it would be hard adapting to a new culture. 一开始，适应新的文化会有困难。
(1)vt.使适应；使适合；改编
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①The movie was adapted from a novel. 这部电影是由小说改编的。
拓展：
adapt oneself to ... 使自己适应……(to为介词)
adapt sth.(for ...) (为……)把某物改编
adapt sth. from ... 根据……改编某物
运用 ：
②He tried hard to the new environment.
他努力使自己适应新的环境。
③Many people buy books after they have been adapted for TV series.
许多人在书改编为电视连续剧后购买该书。
(2) vi.适应
adapt to ... 适应……
运用：④The children find it hard to the new school. 孩子们发现很难适应新学校。
14.appreciation n．欣赏；理解；体谅；同情；感激；感谢
However，there would also be some new optional subjects, for example, literary appreciation, astronomy, biochemistry, etc. 然而，也会有一些新的选修课程，例如文学欣赏、天文 学、生物化学等。
①I sent her a present to show my appreciation for her help. 我送给她一份礼物以表达对她帮助的感谢。
拓展 ：
appreciation of sth. 理解/体谅某事
appreciation of /for sth. 感激/感谢某
in appreciation of 为感谢……
②I had no appreciation of the problems they faced.
我没有体谅到他们所面临的困难。
运用：
③Please accept this gift all you've done for us.
承蒙鼎力相助，不胜感激，谨备薄礼，敬请笑纳。
appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激
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appreciate (doing) sth. 感激(做)某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……，我将不胜感激
运用：
④I you paid in cash.
如果支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
15．range.
教材原句] Students take between 812 GCSEs in a range of subjects that always include mathematics， science, English, and at least one foreign language.
学生要参加8—12级普通中等教育证书的考试，考试范围通常包括数学、科学、英语和至少一门外语。
(1) n.变化范围；一系列；种类
①The drug is effective against a range of bacteria. 这种药可以有效抵制一系列细菌。
扩展：
a (full/wide) range of 一系列
in the range of 在……范围内
in/within the range of 在……的范围内
out of range of 超出……的范围
②The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services.
酒店提供一系列设施和服务。
运用：
③There will be an increase 0 to 3 percent.
将会有0到3个百分点的增长幅度。
(2)v.(在一定的范围内)变动
range from A to B/range between A and B从(在)A到B之间的变化/变动
运用：④Costs 50 several hundred pounds.
花费在50英镑到几百英镑之间。
§重点短语
1．as a whole总的来说
As a whole, I think that studying abroad can be a positive experience but should be done when students are older, possibly at university.
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总的来说，我认为留学会是一种积极的经历，但应该在学生大一点的时候——可能在大学时。
①This scandal reflected badly on the Party as a whole.
这件丑闻极大地损害了整个党的荣誉。
运用：
②The population is/are in favor of the reform.
全体人民普遍拥护改革。
辨析：
as a whole
强调作为一个整体，总的来说，意为“从整个来看，就全体而言，总括而论”
on the whole
抽象一点，可能说了很多话，最后总结，强调“大体上；基本上；整体上”，相当于in general, mostly
用as a whole或on the whole填空
①He asked us to look into the case . .
② , I’m in favor of the idea.
2．in conclusion总之，最后
In conclusion, I think my school would have a good variety of activities — something for everyone.
总之，我认为我理想中的学校应该有大量的活动——适合大家的某些活动。
①In conclusion, I would like to thank all my teachers.
最后，我想要感谢我所有的老师。
拓展：
come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 下结论，得出结论
come to/reach the conclusion that 得出……结论
lead to the conclusion that 使……得出……结论
draw conclusions from 从……得出结论
②I find it difficult to come to a conclusion.
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我发现要得出结论很难。
运用：
③I've he's not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
④We can safely our discussion.
从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。
3． in preparation for做……的准备，为……做准备
教材原句] Instead they learn how to play with other children in preparation for school.
然而他们学会了与其他学龄前的儿童玩。
①The team has been training hard in preparation for the big basketball game.
为备战这场重要的篮球比赛，队伍一直在努力训练。
拓展：
in preparation 在准备中
make preparations for/to do为 (做)……做准备
prepare for/to do 为(做)……做准备
②The third book in the series is currently
丛书的第三册现在正准备出版。
③Iran is making preparations for war.
伊朗正在进行备战。
运用：④We're preparing foreign visitors.
我们正准备接待外国游客。
§重难句导学
As well as the subjects on the timetable, there would be many afterschool interest groups such as chess, choir, photography and sports.
除了时间表上的课程之外，还要有很多课后兴趣小组，比如国际象棋，合唱队，摄影和运动等。
As well as seeing the Bird's Nest, we will visit the Water Cube.
除了看鸟巢之外，我们还将参观水立方。
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as well as是固定短语，意思是“除……以外还……；和……一样也……”，as well as之后接附加信息。
①The boy is clever as well as healthy.
这个男孩既健康又聪明。
②She could dance as well as sing.
她既会唱歌又会跳舞。
③The teacher as well as the students enjoys watching football match.
老师和学生都喜欢看足球赛。
④He speaks English as well as a native speaker.
他英语说得同母语是英语的人一样好。
⑤as well as可以连接两个对等的成分 (如名词、形容词、动词、介词等)，通常不位于句首。此时强调的重点在前面。
⑥as well as 连接句子主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词的数不受附属成分的影响，即谓语动词的数与as well as 前的名词或代词一致。
⑦as well as可用于同级比较，well为副词，意思是“和……一样好 ”。
【典型例题】
Ⅰ Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. It's so strange that almost every country has some forms of __________ (宗教)．
答案 religion
2. Believe it or not, Mary__________ (获得)a knowledge of the English by careful study.
答案 acquired
3. How poor we are now! The chairman made a few __________ (传统的)remarks.
答案 conventional
4. The boy tried his best to make the girl happy, but she __________ (不理睬)
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him.
答案 ignored
5. From the fact we can__________ (假设)you always get up at the same time.
答案 assume
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. I____________________________ (习惯了早起床) to do morning exercise.
答案 am accustomed to getting up early
2. She __________________________________ (强烈要求我向他道歉)．
答案 urged that I (should) apologize to him
3. My parents ____________________________________ (不允许我看电视) before I finish my schoolwork.
答案 don't approve of me watching TV
4. The changes ________________________________ (在有些方面有好处) but not in others.
答案 are beneficial in some ways
5. ______________________________________ (他的绘画显然是受到了……的启示) Monet's work.
答案 His paintings were clearly inspired by
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．It is uncommon that she is a person ________ four hours' sleep a night.
A. accustomed to having
B. was accustomed to having
C. accustomed to have
D. accustomed having
答案与解析 A get/be accustomed to“(变的)习惯于”，该结构中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词充当宾语， accustomed to having ...充当a person的后置定语。
2．The class were discussing a newspaper editorial that ________ citizens to help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.
A. urged B. told
C. ordered D. commanded
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答案与解析 A 句意：同学们正在讨论号召市民减少城市噪音和污染的那期报纸。对市民只能是号召，所以urge符合语境。其余三项均含有命令的语气。
3．New York ________ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year.
ranked B. occupied
C. arranged D. classified
答案与解析 A 句意：纽约今年的苹果产量是850000000磅，位居第二。rank“排名；排列”，通过产量的多少进行名次排列这是常识，故选A项。occupy“占据”； arrange“安排”； classify“分类”。
4．The memory of his childhood ________ him to finish his first novel and had it published.
A. admired B. demanded
C. inspired D. respected
答案与解析 C inspire sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。admire“羡慕”； demand“要求”； respect“尊敬”。
5．As is often the case, little boys ________ be very active and out of control.
A. tend to B. link to
C. select to D. appeal to
答案与解析 A 句意：小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。 tend to“倾向于”， tend to do sth.“往往会做某事”。link to“与……联系”； select to无此搭配； appeal to“对……有吸引力”。
6. Although ________ my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own.
A. against B. on
C. for D. in
答案与解析 A 本题考查介词。against one's opinion “反对某人的见解”，介词on不与.opinion搭配； for one's opinion “同意某人的见解”； in one's opinion “在某人看来”。由句意“虽然反对我的见解，但老教授却没提出自己的见解”可知，应选A项。
7. — My children are always arguing.
— ________
A. Just ignore them.
B. That's all right.
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C. Are you sure?
D. How old are the boys?
答案与解析 A 本题考查情景交际。句意：——我的孩子们老是吵架。——不要理睬他们。
8. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ________ our thinking.
A. which to be based on B. upon which to base
C. which to base upon D. to which to be based
答案与解析 B 本题考查定语从句的用法。此处为“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
9. The police were ________ the prisoner to see if he had a gun.
A. searching B. looking for
C. found out D. searching for
答案与解析 A search sb. “搜(某人)身”，符合句意。
10. Our ancestors had to struggle ________ their lives ________ bad weather and wild animals.
A. against; with B. for; against
C. with; for D. with; against
答案与解析 B struggle for“为争取……(权利、自由、生命等)而战”； struggle against“为反对……而战”。
Ⅲ.选词填空
acquire，tend to，be accustomed to，assumption，rank，go against，unwilling，ignore，urge，more than
1. We ________________ knowledge through practice.
2. They are ________________ to do it，but they were forced to.
3. After 3 months，he ________________the life on campus.
4. He ________________ support that team，and donated some money to them.
5. I warned him of the danger，but he ________________ me.
6. Do you dare to________________ your father？He will beat you flat!
7. The chemist’s ________________turned out to be right.
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8 . The United States continued to ________________ first in goods trade.
9. Modern science is ________________ a large amount of information.
10. My friends ________________ that I should apply for the job.
The keys;
Ⅰ.1.acquired 2.accustomed 3.unwilling 4. worthy 5.beneficial 6.inspired 7.adapt(himself)
8.urged 9.proved 10.lasting
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