Unit 3 Amazing people
单元视窗
Wordlist
2
* curse[kə:s] n.诅咒;咒语
νt.诅咒;咒骂
* mummy[ˈmʌmi] n.木乃伊
explorer[ikˈsplɔ:rə] n.探险家
curious[ˈkjuəriəs] adj.好奇的;
求知欲强的
set sail启航
tomb [tu:m]n. 坟墓
Egyptian[iˈdʒipʃən]埃及的;埃及人的 n.埃及人
fortune [ˈfɔ:tʃən] n.大笔的钱,财富,运气
jewel [ˈdʒu:əl]n. 宝石,珠宝首饰
preserve[priˈzə:v] vt.保存;保护;保持
valley[ˈvæli] n.山谷,峡谷
lord [lɔ:d]n.勋爵,贵族,大臣;封建领主
come across (偶然)遇见,发现
entrance[ˈentrəns] n. 入口
content[ˈkɔntent] n. 内容
swallow[swɔləu]
vt. & vi. 吞下,吞咽
death[deθ] n. 死亡
shortly[ˈʃɔ:tli] ad以不久,很快
within[wiˈðin] prep.在…之内,不超过
coincidence[kəuˈinsidəns]
n.巧合,碰巧
connection [kəˈnekʃən]n. 联系
punishment[ˈpʌniʃmənt] n. 惩罚
scientific[ˌsaiənˈtifik]adj.科学的
virus [ˈvaiərəs]n.病毒
disturb [diˈstə:b] νt.打扰,扰乱
breathe[bri:ð] vi. & vt. 呼吸
result[riˈzʌlt] in νi.导致,结果是…
clothing[ˈkləuðiŋ] n. 衣物
riddle [ˈridl] n. 谜
labour[ˈleibə] n. & vi. 劳动,努力工作
whichever pron. 无论哪个,无论哪些
airplane [ˈɛəplein]n. 飞机
signal[ˈsignəl] n. 信号
vi. & vt. 发信号,表明
captain [ˈkæptin] n.船长,飞机机长;队长;海军上校,陆军.空军上尉
warning [ˈwɔ:niŋ]n.警告
iceberg [ˈaisbə:g]n. 冰山
widespread[ˈwaidspred]
adj. 广泛的,普遍的
requirement [riˈkwaiəmənt]
n. 要求,规定
inspire[inˈspaiə]
vt. 启迪,赋予灵感; 激励,鼓励
sex [seks] n. 性别
female[ˈfi:meil]n.&adj. 女性(的)
nationality[ˌnæʃəˈnæləti]n. 国籍
native[ˈneitiv]adj.本地的,本国的
outgoing [ˈautˌgəuiŋ]adj. 爱交际的; 友好的,外向的
gorilla [gəˈrilə] n. 大猩猩
data [ˈdeitə] n. 数据;资料
companion [kəmˈpæniən]
n. 伴侣,陪伴
rare [reə]adj. 稀有的;罕见的
discourage[disˈkʌridʒ]
vt. 使灰心,使泄气
devotion[diˈvəuʃən]
n. 奉献;忠诚,专心
PhD （哲学）博士学位 (Doctor of Philosophy的缩写)
murder[ˈmə:də] vt. & n. 谋杀
various[ˈvɛəriəs]adj. 各种各样的
organization [ˌɔ:gənaiˈzeiʃən]
n. 组织;机构
voyage[ˈvɔi-idʒ]
n. 航行;航海;航天
orbit [ˈɔ:bit] n. 轨道
vt. 沿轨道运行;围绕…运动
astronaut [ˈæstrənɔ:t] n. 宇航员
north-east n. 东北
desire [diˈzaiə] n.愿望,欲望,渴望 vt. 渴望,期望
apply [əˈplai] vi. 申请
vt. 使用,应用
candidate[ˈkændideit]
n. 候选人,申请人
survival[səˈvaivəl]
n. 幸存,存活
rocket [ˈrɔkit] n. 火箭
status[ˈsteitəs] n. 地位,身份
superior [su:ˈpiəriə] n. 上级,上司 adj. 更好的,更高的
2
be in control [kənˈtrəul]
(of something) 掌管,控制
quality[ˈkwɔliti] n.品质;质量
optimistic [ˌɔptiˈmistik]
adj. 乐观的, 抱乐观看法的
indeed [inˈdi:d] adv. 的确,确实
look up to 敬佩
把你没有记牢的挑出来，好好滴记住哦！
2
The curse of the mummy
Focus
Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. He was brave and loved to visit and explored new places. During his life, he discovered many amazing things.
Howard Carter did not go to school, but learnt to draw from his father, who was an artist. He was bright and curious about the world outside his hometown. In 1891, at the age of 17, he set sail for Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. He found several important ones. Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings. These preserved bodies are known as mummies.
In 1922, Howard Carter made his most amazing discovery of all, in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. He had received money from Lord Carnarvon, a British man who was very interested in Egypt. Carter's team was working at a place near the city of Luxor. There, they came across the tomb of King Tutankhamun. It was the most important tomb that had ever been found. ‘The tomb contained more treasure than any of us had ever seen before, as well as the mummy of the king,' said Carter. ‘After we looked into the tomb, we closed it and hid its entrance. We wanted to study the tomb later when we had more time. Afterwards, all of its contents would go into a museum.’
However, not long after the discovery, people in Carter's team began to fall ill and die. Upon their entering the tomb, Carter's lucky pet bird, which had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake. Then, a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt. At the moment of Carnarvon's death, the lights went out in Cairo, the capital of Egypt. Back in England, his dog died at approximately the same time.
George Gould, a friend of Carnarvon’s, went to Egypt after hearing of his strange death. He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day. Twelve hours later, he was dead. Carter's secretary, Richard Bethell, died of heart trouble four months after the tomb was opened. Arthur Mace, another member of the team, also died shortly after the discovery.
Within seven years, 21 people who had something to do with the opening of the tomb died. Howard Carter, however, lived on until the age of 65. Some people say the deaths were just coincidence. Others believe that they were in connection with a mummy's curse, as a punishment for those who enter the resting place of the dead.
However, still others believe that there is a scientific explanation. Inside the tombs, there are many viruses. When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses. If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death. Today, when scientists examine mummies, they wear special clothing for protection.
What is certain, though, is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day.
Dian Fossey is now regarded as one of the heroes of the 20th century. Her love for the mountain gorillas in Africa taught people about dangers these animals are facing. Dian was an outgoing and kind person, and able to gain valuable data about their lives by becoming a companion to them.
Dian Fossey was born in California in 1932. She graduated from university in 1954 and worked at a children's hospital in Kentucky for several years. However, her interest in animals, and the writings of an American scientist called George Schaller, inspired her to take the first step towards her future work. In 1966, she went to Africa to study rare mountain gorillas.
Even though some of the gorillas were quite dangerous, this did not discourage Dian. She showed great devotion to her work and loved to tell people about gorillas. Because the gorillas had interested her so much, Dian decided to study for a PhD. After she finished her degree, she wrote a book about the gorillas she had lived with. She later returned to Africa. However, she was murdered in 1985.
Dian Fossey is still alive in our hearts to this day. Thanks to her research, we now know more about mountain gorillas. They are also protected by governments and various organizations. Without her work, there would be very few mountain gorillas left today.
First period
Listen and learn:
Listen to the wordlist and try to learn the words and phrases by heart.
◆Step 1:
◆Step 2: Personal show
●Task 1: Give the following words’ Chinese meaning
explorer n. curious adj.
set sail come across
fortune n. punishment n.
scientific adj. virus n.
disturb νt. breathe vi. & vt.
result in νi. riddle n.
female n.& adj. devotion n.
desire n. vt. be in control (of something)
quality n. look up to
●Task 2: Translate the following words
vt.保存;保护;保持 n. 入口
n. 内容 n. 联系
n.警告 n. 要求,规定
vt. 启迪,赋予灵感; 激励,鼓励 n. 数据;资料
n. 伴侣,陪伴 vt. 使灰心,使泄气
adj. 各种各样的 vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用
adj. 乐观的, 抱乐观看法的 n. 幸存,存活
Step 3: Text reading Listen to the text and then finish the following sentences
●Task 1: Fill in the blanks according to the text
1. Which of these people's achievements _______ (对……有最大的影响) our lives today?
2. By the 1920s, he ____ (已经成为) an explorer, ____ (搜寻) the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
3. ______ (一进入) the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which had left in Cairo, was eaten by a snake.
4. Within seven years, 21 people who _______ (和……有关) the opening of the tomb died.
5. Others believe that they were ____________ (和…有关联) a mummy's curse, ___________ (作为惩罚) for those who enter the resting place of the dead.
6. ___________ (如果(病毒)被呼吸进人体内) , they can _____ (导致) illness or even death.
●Task 2: Task-based reading阅读课文, 完成下表。注意：一空一词
Characters
Who was he?
What did he do?
How did he die?
George Gould
a friend of
Carnarvon
Visited the tomb of King Tuntankhamun.
A high fever.
Lord Carnarvon
A British man
1. _____ in Egypt.
4. _______ Carter money to explore the mystery.
Be present at the opened tomb.
A fever.
Howard Carter
A famous explorer, especially for the
2. ________ of King
Tutankhamun’s tomb.
In 1891 set sail for Alexandria, Egypt.
By the 1920s, searched for tombs of the Egyptian Kings.
In 1922, 5. _____ the tomb of King Tuntankhamun.
Seemed nothing to do with the tomb.
Richard Bethell
Carter’s secretary
entered the tomb
Heart trouble.
Arthur Mace
3. ______ member
Explored the tomb of King Tuntankhamun.
Not mentioned
Second period
Step 1: Personal show
Write down the words according to the definition
1. having a strong wish to know about something
2. a situation when two or more similar things happen
at the same time by chance
3. search a place in order to discover something
4. something that is difficult to explain or understand
5. a door or a gate
6. chance, especially regarded as a power affecting people's lives:
(good or bad) luck
7. that which is contained in sth;
satisfied with what one has; not wanting more; happy
8. keep or maintain (sth) in an unchanged or perfect condition
9. move (sth) from a settled or usual position or state
10. make a formal request
11. longing; wish for (sth); want
12. facts or information used in deciding or discussing sth.
Step 2: Language focus
◆ 1. curious adj. 好奇的,稀奇的,莫名其妙的
知识探究：
I heard a curious noise last night. 昨晚我听到一个奇怪的声音。
Children are always curious about everything they see. 孩子们总是对他们看到的一切感到好奇。
I was curious to hear what you had to say for yourself. 我很想知道你怎样为自己辩解。
归纳整理：
题练落实：
1. _______, a year later exactly the same thing happened again.
A. Curiously enough B. Curious C. To be curious D. To be curious
2. People have always been curious _______ how living things on the earth exactly began.
A. in B. at C. of D. about
3. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
联想拓宽：
curious可用于It is curious that从句结构中,表示 "…是奇怪的",从句的谓语一般采用"should十动词原形" 表示虚拟。
It is curious that he should know nothing about the mat ter.真是奇怪他对此事竟一无所知。
◆ 2. fortune n. 运气，财富，大笔财产
知识探究：
I had the fortune (幸运) to meet him there.
She inherited a large fortune. (一大笔财产) .
He went to the USA ten years ago to seek his fortune. (寻找致富之路) .
One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living expenses. 一月1,000美元不是一笔财富，但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。
题练落实：
1. The millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a large ________.
A. fortune B. luck C. money D. amount
2. Unfortunately, a fire broke out suddenly in his house and burnt all his ______, leaving him nothing but a car.
A. furniture B. fortune C. possessions D. treasure
联想拓宽：
have good /bad fortune运气好/不好 make one's fortune成家立业
seek one's fortune寻找致富及成功之路 a small fortune许多钱
come into a fortune继承大笔遗产 make a fortune发财
try one's fortune碰运气 tell sb. one's fortune给某人算命/看相
◆ 3. preserve v. 保留；保持，维护；保护；维持原状；维持 n. 保护区
知识探究：
These preserved bodies are known as mummies.
这些经过处理保存的遗体就是世人皆知的木乃伊。
We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.
我们已采取有效措施来保护自然资源。
No hunting is allowed in the preserve.保护区内禁止打猎。
题练落实：
1. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ____ for a thousand years.
A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed
2. It's important that these traditions handed down from generation to generation should be ___.
A. reserved B. preserved C. deserved D. prevented
3. We had to ______ our visit to the pyramids because we didn't have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.
A. prohibit B. postpone C. predict D. preserve
联想拓宽：defend, protect与preserve都可表示“保护，使……安全”，但各有侧重。
①defend指“保卫，防御”，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。
defend oneself against enemy 防御敌人
②protect 指“保护……以免遭受危险或伤害等”。
protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害
③preserve 指“防护； 保存……免被分解或腐烂”。
Salt preserves food from decay.盐能防止食物腐烂。
◆ 4. Upon their entering the tomb, Carter's lucky pet bird, which had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake.
知识探究：
On arriving in England, they were taken to the Grystal Palace by train. 他们一到英国便乘火车去水晶宫。
On his arrival, he was sold to farmer and worked in the fields.他一到就被卖给一个农场主, 开始在田里劳动。
On his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest.他一从欧洲回来, 便开始认真工作。
归纳整理：
题练落实：
1. Mary rushed home _______ she heard the news, only _______ that his wife was gone.
A. as soon as; finding B. immediately; to find C. the moment; find D. when; found
2. The girl still remembers that she was too nervous _______she gave a speech in the face of such a big crowd.
A. at the first time B. the first time C. for the first time D. at first
3. Fortunately somebody who happened to be passing by called the fire department ______ the fire broke out.
A. hurriedly B. quickly C. immediately D. shortly
4. ______ hearing the good news, the girl jumped with joy.
A. In B. At C. On D. For
联想拓宽：其它表达方式：
1）as soon as 引出的时间状语从句, 如：
He started as soon as he received the news. 他一得到消息就出发了。
As soon as he had got into the car, I said “good morning” to him in French and he replied in the same language. 他一上车, 我就用法语向他道了声早安, 他也用法语作了回答。
2）hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when / before…no sooner…than…归纳：
① 注意搭配关系；hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner不可以放在when/before和than之后。
② hardly/ scarcely/ barely和no sooner否定词位于句首时, 句中的主语和谓语必须部分倒装。
③ hardly / scarcely/ barely和no sooner引导的是主句, 表示它的动作发生在从句之前, 故常用过去完成时；而when/before和than引导的从句只能与一般过去时连用。
④ 该句型含“惊奇”之意。如：
Mrs. Winthrop had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about her. 温思罗太太刚离开房间, 他们就议论起她来了。
Scarcely /Hardly/ Barely had he begun to speak when I sensed that he was in trouble. 他刚一开口, 我就感到他遇到麻烦事了。
No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们一动身就遇上了大雷雨。
3）the moment / the instant
名词短语the moment/instant/minute/second和副词immediately/directly可以用做连词, 相当于as soon as,引导的是时间状语从句；从句既可放在句首, 也可放在句中。如：
The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope.一见到他, 我就知道没希望了。
The instant you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. 你一出账篷, 便会大吃一惊。
We will leave the minute you’re ready.你一准备好, 我们就走。
She returned immediately she heard the bad news.她一听到这个坏消息, 就返了回来。
I left directly the clock struck twelve.钟一敲十二点我就离开了。
4) each time, every time如同上面几种类型一样, 可直接用作从属连词, 引导状语从句。如：
Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. 我每次听了他的劝告, 都会遇到麻烦。
I’ll think of my hometown each time I listen to that song. 我每次听这首歌, 都会想起家乡。
◆ 5. present adj.在场的,出席的; 现在的,目前的 vt. 呈现; 赠送;介绍；引见 n.礼物;目前,现在
知识探究：
What's your present address? 你现在的住址是什么?
The people present gave a warm welcome. 在场的人们热烈欢迎。
A good many people were present at the meeting. 许多人出席了会议。
They presented flowers to their teachers. 他们向老师们献了花。
The mayor presented the winner with a silver cup. 市长把银杯授予了获胜者。
归纳整理：
题练落实：
1. There are 200 people _____ at the meting and all of them were his supporters.
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
2. The major will personally _____ the gold medal ____ the winning athletes at the sports meet.
A. preset; by B. present; with C. present; to D. present; for
3. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should _____ his findings in logical order and clear language.
A. furnish B. propose C. raise D. present
联想拓宽：
present作前直定语时意为"现在的,目前的",作后置定语时意为"出席的,现场的"。
◆ 6. Within seven years, 21 people who had something to do with the opening of the tomb died.
have sth. to do with与……有关
知识探究：
have nothing to do with 与…无关，与…没来往 come to nothing没结果,终归失败
do nothing but只是…… go for nothing无结果,无价值
have nothing on sb.不比……强 care nothing for对……满不在乎
for nothing免费 make nothing of不了解
nothing like什么也比不上;完全不像 think nothing of认为……不算什么
He cares nothing for money (不在乎钱) .
She got the tickets for nothing.
I could make nothing of (不了解) what he said.
She is nothing but (只是) a child.
The dress is nothing like (完全不同) the one they advertised.
He thinks nothing of (认为……不算什么) a twenty-mile walk.
This has nothing to do with you (与你无关) .
I advise you to have nothing to do with (不要与那人有来往) that man.
◆ 7. disturb vt. ①打搅；扰乱；弄乱 ②妨碍，打扰 ③使焦虑；使心烦；使烦恼
知识探究：
The host was quite annoyed when he found out that his things on the bookshelves had been disturbed. 发现书架上的东西被弄乱了,主人很是生气。
I’m sorry to disturb you with this question. 对不起,打扰你了,我有个问题想请教。
I have heard some bad news which has disturbed me very much. 我听到了一些坏消息，使我很不安。
归纳整理：
题练落实：
1. The secretary finally decided_____ the president, though unwillingly.
A. to interrupting B. to disturb C. to stopping D. to surprise
2. However, at times this balance in nature is ____, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled B. disturbed C. interrupted D. puzzled
3. The naughty boy threw a stone into the lake, _______ the peaceful surface.
A. destroying B. damaging C. interrupting D. disturbing
◆ 8. result v. 结果，产生；导致；发生 n. 结果；成果；效果
知识探究：
They worked without result. 他们徒劳无功。
The result of the match was 2:1 to Chicago. 比赛结果是芝加哥队以二比一获胜。
His failure resulted largely from his laziness. 他的失败主要是懒惰所致。
The accident resulted in ten deaths. 这次事故造成十人死亡。
归纳整理：
题练落实：
1. A survey was carried out on the death rate of newborn babies in that region, ____ were surprising.
A. as results B. which results C. over D. the results of which
2. A complete investigation into the cause of the accident should lead to improved standards and should _______ new operating procedures.
A. result in B. match with C. subject to D. proceed with
3. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult, has ____ many good changes in their lives.
A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about
联想拓宽：
as a result 结果 as a result of 因为…；作为…的结果
result from = be caused by由于…而产生 result in 导致；结果是
without result (同in vain)徒劳；毫无结果
◆ 9. What is certain, though, is that ‘the curse of the mummy’ remains a riddle to this day. 但是,可以确定的是,木乃伊的咒语至今还是个谜。
本句是一个复合句。连接代词what引导主语从句且在该主语从句中作主语;连词that引导表语从句。另外 though为副词,意为"但是"。
What he didn't understand was that no one believed him.他不理解的是谁也不相信他。
He is no longer what he used to be. 他已不再是过去的他了。
The problem is that we cannot find anyone to ask for help.问题是我们找不到可以求助的人。
注意：what和that均可引导名词性从句,两词的不同在于:
(1) what在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等,相当于the place/person that, all that, everything等。
After many days' voyage, they arrived in what is called America now.
经过许多天的航行之后,他们到达了如 今称之为美洲的地方。
What we can't get seems better than what we always have.
我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
(2) that引导名词性从句时不作任何成分,也无具体意义,且that引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语( ex cept, but, in除外)。
He made it clear that he didn't agree with us. 他清楚地表明他不同意我们的意见。
It is said that he has already succeed in carrying out the experiment.
据说他已成功地完成了这项实验。
Third period
Reading strategies:
Good readers learn to think ahead and predict information in advance. If you are trying to predict the contents of a passage based on the title and you find your expectations too general, read the first paragraph to make your prediction more specific.
The first paragraph usually tells you what the reading passage will be about. Look for key words when you read the first paragraph. These words may help you prepare for and predict what will come next.
2010年江苏D篇
Imagine, one day, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours, and then, after a full day of work, going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.
Sounds unusual, doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic, with the development of China's high-speed railway system. And that's not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and eventually Eastern Europe.
China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years, eventually reaching London and Singapore.
China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and possibly to Germany. The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.
If China's plan for the high-speed railway goes forward, people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days.
The new system would still follow China's high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour, almost as fast as some airplanes.
China’s bullet train (高速客车), the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou, already has the world's fastest average speed. It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours.
Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to be settled, such as safety, rail gauge (轨距) , maintenance of railway tracks. So, it's important to pay attention to every detail.
But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion.
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. Resources from those counties could stream into China to sustain development.
It'll be a win-win project. For other countries, the railway network will definitely create
more opportunities for business, tourism and so on, not to mention the better communication among those countries.
For China, such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources, but would also help develop China's far west. We foresee that in the coming decades, millions of people will migrate to the western regions, where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains, people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they'll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.
67. China's new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because __________.
A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions
B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways
C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries
D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation, business and tourism
68. According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _____.
A. technical issues B. safety of the system
C. financial problems D. maintenance of railway tracks
69. Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan?
A. Critical B. Reserved C. Doubtful D. Positive
70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. New Railway Standards B. Big Railway Dreams
C. High-speed Bullet Trains D. International Railway Network
2010湖南卷C篇
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions—and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
66. The discovery shows that Westerners .
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
67. What were the people asked to do in the study?
A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers' faces.
68. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study.
69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .
A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly
70. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding
Forth period
Project:
Explorer 16 October 2003
What is the most fun you can have in 21 hours and 23 minutes? On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei answered this question. His voyage in space took him 600,000 kilometers in orbit, around the earth 14 times, in just over 21 hours. It made him China's first astronaut in space. He had worked towards this achievement for many years.
Born in 1965, Yang has wanted to fly since he was a young boy. His friends and teachers from Suizhong County in north-eastern of Liaoning Province have all said that he loved science and technology from a young age. He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly. His dream was encouraged by his parents as well as his older sister and younger brother.
In 1983, he joined the army, and went to flight school. He graduated in 1987 and became a pilot. In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. He was one of the only 14 selected from 1,500 candidates. The team spent the next five years being trained. They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. Yang scored among the very top in everything the group studied.
In September 2003, only three out of the 14 candidates were picked for the Chinese space adventure, and Yang was one of them. He took all kinds of tests to prove he was fit for this important task. Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. Yang was described by his superiors as hard working and always in control of himself. Because of these qualities, They were optimistic he would be successful.
In the end, Yang was indeed a success. His name will go down in history with those of Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard. The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei, and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.
Step 1: Read and learn
◆ Listen to the text and grasp the general spirit of the text
Language focus:
◆ 1. apply vt. & vi. 应用，运用；申请
知识探究：
Next time you have to prepare a speech, try applying one or more of these techniques and see if you have what it takes to be a winning speechwriter.
归纳整理：
Even though Jim and Bob are good friends, Jim objected to lending his ID card to Bob to apply for a credit card.
What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.
We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 我们要动动脑筋找出解决的办法来.
The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology. 这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面.
You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself (to your work). 你只有真正专心致志（用功）, 考试才能及格.
题练落实：
1. What I have said applies only _______ some of you.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
2. It's high time you _________.
A. apply yourself to study B. apply yourself to studying
C. applied yourself studying D. applied yourself to studying
3. You should _______ immediately, in person or by letter.
A. apply for B. apply C. applied D. apply to
4. You must apply yourself _______ the study you have to take up.
A. on B. for C. to D. of
5. He went to the American Embassy many times to apply ________ his visa.
A. with B. in C. for D. at
6. The position ________ he wants to apply is difficult to get.
A. to which B. for that C. for which D. with which
联想拓宽：
appliance n.工具,用具,器皿 applicable adj. (作表语)可适用的;合适,适当
applicant n.申请人 applied adj.应用的,实用的
application n.应用,适用;申请 be applicable to对……适用,适用于…
◆ 2. require vt.需要;要求;命令
知识探究：
This wall requires repairing.这面墙需要修理了。
What do you require of me?你要求我做什么?
The court required that he (should) pay the fine. 法院下令让他缴纳罚款。
归纳整理：
题练落实：
1. My car requires ________, but my parents require me _______ it.
A. repairing; selling B. to repair; to sell C. repairing; to sell D. to repair; selling
2. ---Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
---I don’t know. But this is the last time. The fans ______ them to whole-heartedly.
A. hope B. require C. prefer D. demand
3. _______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
4. Their requirement that he ______one year's experience is reasonable.
A. had B. has C. have D. would have
联想拓宽：
1) require, want, need作"需要"讲时用法一致,以物作主语时,其后接动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。
2) require后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词用 (should) do的形式。
◆ 3. prove vt.证明,证实link v.证明是,结果是
知识探究：
Can you prove your honesty?你能证明你的诚实吗?
The facts proved to us that he was a brave fighter. 事实向我们证明他是位勇士。
He proved himself (to be) a coward. 他表现出自己是个懦夫。
The extra room proved very useful when we had visitors. 我们有客人来的时候,这多余的房间就显得很有用。
归纳整理：
题练落实：
The theory he sticks to ______ to be no use in our studies.
A. proves B. is proved C. proving D. be proved
联想拓宽：
(1) prove用作及物动词"证明",后接名词或that 从句作宾语,有被动语态。
(2) prove用作系动词"证明是,结果是",后接"( to be)十 形容词/名词"作表语,用主动形式表示被动意义,无被动语态。
The theory he stuck to proves right. 他坚持的理论被证明是正确的。
◆ 4. manage, persuade, be able to
知识探究：
Your house is always so neat—how do you manage it with three children? 你家里总是那么整洁-----家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的?
They finally managed to secure the food supply to the disaster area. 他们终于保证了受灾区的食物供应。
I have persuaded him to attend Mr. Lee’s lecture. 我已劝他来参加Mr. Lee’s的演讲了。
If you reach out your hand as far as you can, you should be able to touch it. 如果你能尽可能地伸出你的手，你就可以摸到了它。
归纳整理：
都具备成功的结果。
题练落实：
1. ---Though I met with one difficulty after another, I _____ to get through with it.
---Congratulations to you!
A. hoped B. tried C. wanted D. managed
2. I _____ him to stop smoking, but failed.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade C. try persuading D. tried persuading
3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
4. ______ properly, the money can be enough for us this week.
A. Managed B. Managing C. To mange D. To be managed
◆ 5. In the end, Yang was indeed a success.
● 当抽象名词具体化即表示一具体的人或事时
1. The sports meet was a great success.
2. It is an honor to be invited to the party.
3. Reading is a pleasure for me and I can get pleasure from it.
● 当物质名词具体化，表示一（类、阵、份）等意思时
1. The people in China like tea and green tea is a wonderful tea.
2. We don’t have much rain here but last night we had a heavy rain.
3. Please give me a coffee. (=a cup of coffee)
1. We have every reason to believe that ______ sports meeting to be held in our school next week
will be ______ success.
A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a
2. I don’t think the experiment is _____ failure. At least we have gained _______ experience.
A. a; an B. a; / C. /; an D. /; /
写作能力培养：
◆ Analyze the structure of text
下图反映的是当前一些学生在学习上的做法。请你根据对下面这幅漫画的理解用英语写一篇短文，描述一下这种做法并发表你的看法。
注意：
1．词数150左右。开头已经写，不计入总词数。2．要适当发挥想象，不要做简单的描述。
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
参考词汇：缸vat；漏出来leak out；漏洞 loophole
In the picture, four people are trying to fill a vat with water. Two men are carrying water while two others are pouring water into the vat._______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Fifth period
词汇应用
根据下列句子的意义和首字母填写正确的单词
1. Do you think Columbus was a great e _______?
2. This magazine is very popular with young people, who like its c_______ and style.
3. The house is p________ as a museum. Nobody has the right to pull it down.
4. All the people p__________ at the meeting were deeply impressed by his amazing talk.
5. He tried to recall her name without r______.
6. He l_________ his dream by working hard.
7. I have n_______ to do with the murder.
8. He went back home s_______ after the war.
9. He wanted to prove that he was q______ for the task.
10. Which of these people’s a_________ have the largest effect on our lives today.
11. If you aren’t good at thinking, you can’t study e________.
12 It was a __________of him to run into the burning house to rescue the baby.
13. One talk with the student, I believe, and you will find Tom is very ______ (友好的).
14. She opened the door quietly so as not to ________（打搅）the sleeping child.
15.It is a miracle for the old woman to s____（幸存）the earthquake after 7days were gone.
单项选择
1. The shy girl felt ___ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher's questions.
A. amazed B. awkward C. curious D. amused
2. Children are _______ animals and how they live.
A. curious about B. curious for C. puzzling about D. interesting in
3. At minus 130°C， a living cell can be ________ for a thousand years.
A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed
4. It may take a few weeks for your application to be _______.
A. preserved B. processed C. progressed D. dealt
5. ---Does Bill do his new job well?
---_______ his old job. I'm afraid there's no hope for him.
A. Not better than B. No better than C. Not so well as D. Not as well as
6. He can speak English, German and French. He is nearly a man with a(an) ___ for languages.
A. ability B. present C. gift D. skill
7. The mayor _________ the prizes _______.
A. presented， in person B. presented, of his own
C. represented， in person D. present, in person
8. I was very angry because he was very _________ with me.
A. short B. small C. concise D. brief
9. There is not much time left; so I'll tell you about it ________.
A. in detail B. in brief C. in short D. in all
10. Fortunately Mr. Black and his family had _______ to escape from the burning building.
A. tried B. hoped C. wanted D. managed
11. According to the rule of that company, all the workers are offered a _______ medical examination for free once a year.
A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common
12. He learnt how to use sign language to _______ deaf customers.
A. communicate with B. communicate to C. convey to D. express to
13. I was bothered by the lack of news at first， but now， after a year， I am really ______.
A. disturbed B. disturbance C. disturbing D. to annoy
14. The young couple ______ ￥2 000 every month to pay for their son's education.
A. set off B. go through C. put aside D. pick up
15. The theory he’s stuck ________ true.
A. to prove B. to proving C. to proves D. proves
阅读理解: 2011年山东卷A篇
Arthur Miller (1915-2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary. Drawn like so many other by the “Great American Dream”, however, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.
Milles's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics` Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10,
2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.
56. Why did Arthur Miller's father move to the USA?
A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream.
C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D. His family business failed.
57. The play Death of a Salesman ________.
A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D. focuses on the skills in doing business
58. What can we learn about Willy Loman?
A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner Company.
C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
59. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman __________.
A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony Award
C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists
60. What is the text mainly about?
A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won.
C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.
完形填空：2011·陕西卷
In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty（贫困）,and only the rich could manage without great __26__. Three of those rich men and their servants were __27__ together on a road when they came to a very __28__ village.
The first could not stand seeing the poverty, __29__ he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons (四轮载重马车) and shared __30__ out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left.
The second rich man ,seeing the __31__ situation, stopped for a short time and gave __32__ all his food and drink, since he __33__ see that money would be of little __34__ to them. He made sure that they each __35__ their fair share and would have enough food to __36__ for some time. Then, he left.
The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, __37__ and went straight through the __38__ without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other __39__ the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was __40__ that they themselves had been there to offer help.
However, three days later, they __41__ the third rich man, who was coming in the opposite direction. He was __42__ travelling quickly, but his wagons, __43__ the gold and valuables they had been __44__, were now full of farming tools and bags of __45__. He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.
26. A. loss B. expectations C. success D. problems
27. A. standing B. travelling C. gathering D. running
28. A. faraway B. poor C. different D. ancient
29. A. unless B. because C. so D. if
30. A. them B. anything C. nothing D. those
31. A. curious B. worrying C. dangerous D. puzzling
32. A. the villagers B. his servants C. the others D. the rest
33. A. could B. might C. should D. must
34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction
35. A. returned B. gained C. offered D. received
36. A. remain B. last C. supply D. share
37. A. turned back B. set out C. showed off D. speeded
38. A. village B. land C. field D. road
39. A. whether B. how C. where D. when
40. A. good B. certain C. true D. strange
41. A. welcomed B. met C. accepted D. persuaded
42. A. still B. already C. always D. indeed
43. A. except B. instead of C. apart from D. along with
44. A. loading B. treasuring C. carrying D. earning
45. A. food B. jewels C. money D. seeds
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